The NATIONAL SECURITY Perspective of the First President Rhee Syngman of Korea

Hongje Cho,Gyunyeol Park,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to examine the security perspective of the first president Rhee Syngman of ROK and bring some implications in making defense policy making. Method: This paper utilizes multidisciplinary approach. This contains the perspective of threat, allies, defense policy, independent defense. Specifically this uses various speeches, interviews, memoirs, and testimonies about and by Rhee Syngman. Results: This paper did find out that President Syngman Rhee not only had a firm view against communism, but also maintained a thorough anti-Japanese view against Japan. However, the Korea-US Mutual Defense Treaty and the resulting South Korea-U.S. alliance, which were agreed upon with the U.S. during the Korean War. And his security perspective could actually play a major role in curbing the recurrence of the war on the Korean Peninsula and securing South Korea s sustainability and security. Conclusion: The first President Rhee Syngman had tried to devote his best efforts to settle down Korea’s solid dynamic security through closely good friendship with US. To make this objective he took very a serious vigilance and concerns to North Korea and the revival of expansionist Japanese militarism. As a first president of ROK, he made fundamental base of ROK and its security.

Study on Legal and Institutional Measures for the Strengthening of DEFENSE SPACE POWER

Hongje Cho J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.6 No.4

Purpose: In preparation for the great security threats surrounding the Korean Peninsula, it is urgent to estab-lish defense space capabilities to acquire prior information and secure precise response capabilities. It is also urgently necessary to establish a military utilization plan for the Korean-style independent navigation satellite, which is reflected in the mid-to-long-term national space development plan. Method: This study used the following research method. First, I predicted the importance of space in defense and the aspect of space war. In addition, it analyzed the trend of strengthening the defense space of countries around the world and derived implications for strengthening Korea s defense space. Based on this, the revision of the law and the improvement of the system were proposed to strengthen Korea s defense space. Results: Revision of Laws and Regulations for Strengthening National Defense Space. The amendment of the Space Development Promotion Act should be made as soon as possible. It is to establish a legal basis for the military to pursue space development on its own. The first option is to enact a law to strengthen the defense space force(special law). The second plan is to revise the current Space Development Promotion Act , add and strengthen security-related clauses. Korea s Defense Space Strategy Development Direction is to strengthen co-operation with advanced countries including the United States for space security, effectively responding to space threats and space risks, and strengthening civil-military space cooperation. Conclusion: While first pushing for the enactment of a special law through the legislation of lawmakers, it will be appropriate to insert and revise provisions related to defense space in the current laws(such as the Space Development Promotion Act, the Defense Business Act, the Armed Forces Organization Act, the Aerospace Indus-try Promotion Act, etc.). It is necessary to give the defense minister full authority on issues related to defense space, and on the other hand, it is reasonable to carry out legislative activities in a way that does not go against the cause of peaceful use of the international community. In addition, efforts should be made to expand sys-tems and organizations to strengthen the defense space and train experts.

Republic of Korea’s Role in Contributing to Human Security in Korea and Asia

Hongje Cho,Sangjung Park,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2022 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: This research aims to contribute to the sustainable development, sound security and economic devel-opment of Asia by analyzing the actual situation of human security challenges in Republic of Korea (ROK) and Asia and establishing a cooperative mechanism between countries in the region. Epidemics, disasters, terrorism, organized crime and drug problems, including Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), are international issues that cannot be solved by the efforts of a specific country alone, and are a threat to domestic human security. Method: In today's world, the interaction between human behavior and nature, especially the environment and climate, continues. The most notable example of artificial disasters that has changed the way humans see the world is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). This study analyzes ongoing human security threats and the international community's efforts to respond to them. Finally, this research suggests an alternative to the international community. Results: The current pandemic crisis is unfortunate and unprecedented. The emergence of the deadly virus has not only baffled every country, but has left a grim mark on the world. The post-COVID-19 pandemic, along with the onslaught of the virus, presents a number of challenges: governance breakdowns, massive unemployment, economic crises, immigration predicaments, global supply chain disruptions and, most importantly, security restructuring. Conclusion: This study proposes a way to establish a regional cooperation mechanism between Republic of Korea and Asia to mitigate human security threats. In particular, it analyzes the current situation of human securi-ty issues in the region and introduces ROK's role in promoting and protecting human security in Asia. In addition, this research analyzes non-traditional security factors such as infectious diseases, drugs, organized crime, terrorism, and cyber-terrorism to suggest ways to establish a regional cooperative mechanism between Republic of Korea and Asia to mitigate human security threats.

Establishment of MILITARY Cooperative System for Disaster Relief in Northeast Asia

Hongje Cho,Sangjung Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: This study aims to establish international systems and cooperative relations for disaster relief, one of the non-traditional security threats, to strengthen security cooperation in Northeast Asia, and to expand and strengthen them to traditional concepts of security threats, thereby contributing to the stability and prosperity of Northeast Asia. Method: This study applies functional approach of regional security cooperation. It covers empirical case study to strengthen regional security cooperation and contribute to peace, stability and prosperity in the region through national and transnational cooperation such as state actors, non-state actors, NGOs(Non-government Organization), and so on. Results: Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief(HA/DR) issue, one of the non-traditional security threats, has been emerged as new security issues. Therefore, Republic of Korea(ROK) military needs to establish various measures and the role of disaster relief for international cooperation. Korea should also recognize the importance of these problems and study ways to mitigate them. Conclusion: HA/DR is on the human security agenda as one of the non-traditional security threats and is a growing international security issue. Nowadays, HA/DR extends the traditional concept of security threats. In conclusion, the ROK military should play a key role in strengthening security cooperation in Northeast Asia. The active participation of the ROK military will contribute to the stability and prosperity of Northeast Asia.

Human Security Task and Prospect on COVID-19 Pandemic

Hongje Cho,Sangjung Park,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2020 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.5 No.2

Purpose: The study is due to the recent outbreak of global corona virus and is aimed at raising the need for international solidarity and cooperation for the overall development of humanity, starting with the perception that human security threats are increasing and international cooperation and solidarity are collapsing due to each country s selfish response. Method: In order to achieve this purpose, the cause of the current outbreak of COVID-19 and the cause of the collapse of international solidarity was investigated and seek joint reconstruction and cooperation in the inter-national community, focusing on South Korea s K-quarantine system. Results: South Korea played an early leading role in preventing COVID-19, centering on the K quarantine sys-tem. Based on this, the COVID-19 response strategy is being transferred to countries around the world. Developed countries such as the United States, Europe, and Japan, however, suffered numerous damage and economic damage due to the failure of early quarantine. In addition, there are differences over the responsibility battle, transparency, vaccine development and distribution of the COVID-19 crisis between the U.S. and China. Conclusion: Today, the COVID-19 crisis is rapidly spreading due to the openness and mobility of the interna-tional community as one of human security and poses a major threat to humanity. Due to the imbalance of related substances such as vaccine development, quarantine system, medicines, and masks, there is a serious gap in response between developed and underdeveloped countries. In the wake of the COVID-19 crisis, the inter-national community wants to strengthen cooperation and solidarity to contribute to the construction of a bright future for mankind. At the same time, the government will seek ways to overcome the COVID-19 crisis, which has emerged as the biggest threat to health and security, through active participation and support from local gov-ernments and civic groups.

Electronic Warfare Theory and Strategy: Focusing on the Threat of North Korea’s Electronic Warfare

Hongje Cho J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: The importance of electronic warfare in modern warfare is increasing day by day. In particular, North Korea has a relative weakness of conventional weapons systems, and has focused on developing asymmetric weapons systems and electronic warfare as a way to overcome them. North Korea is currently expected to further expand its application to some aircraft and guided weapons operations under satellite navigation systems such as GPS, GLONASS, COMPASS and Beidou. Method: This study studied the prior theory of electronic warfare at home and abroad. Prior research examined the military doctrines of the United States and trends in Europe. In particular, I studied the doctrines of the United States Joint Navigation Center (Navigation Warfare Center, JNWC) and the Education Command. Based on these prior research materials and literature reviews, I wanted to specifically review North Korea's electronic warfare cases and present our response in terms of legal and institutional aspects. Results: The South Korean military should recognize the importance of navigation warfare (part of electronic warfare) that protects our troops' location, navigation and square information so that they can be used without interruption, prevent the enemy's use of related information, and ensure the peaceful use of such information outside the light bulb In addition, we need to build an electronic warfare simulator and continue to promote training based on various scenarios. Conclusion: Efforts to train and support professionals are urgently needed. In parallel with these efforts, joint efforts to develop electronic technologies between the civilian and military should be preceded. To win a high-tech war in the 21st century, it is essential, among other things, to have precision weapons and original electronic warfare support capabilities. In addition, it is necessary to foster R&D and defense companies to secure domestic technology.

Major Issues and Response Strategies of UNC’s Revitalization

Sangjung Park,Hongje Cho J-INSTITUTE 2023 International Journal of Military Affairs Vol.8 No.-

Purpose: This study is to identify major issues related to the revitalization of the US-led UNC and to suggest an appropriate approach strategy for Republic of Korea(ROK). Method: In this research, the history of the United Nations Command(UNC) was reviewed in accordance with the UN Security Council Resolution(UNSCR) enacted in response to the Korean War, which broke out due to North Korea's illegal and surprise invasion of the ROK. A literature review was conducted to identify major issues related to UNC’s revitalization, and the reliability of the study was increased by using the Delphi technique in a qualitative way through a group of experts. Results: Major issues for UNC revitalization were derived as follows. 1. United States' commitment to revitalize UNC, 2. Sustainability of UNC, 3. Establishment of chain of command between UNC and Future Combined Forces Command, 4. Scope of UNC member countries and participation of ROK forces in UNC Staff, 5. Declaration of the end of the Korean War, 6. Future UNC mission and role innovation. Conclusion: Republic of Korea should actively participate in the revitalization of the UNC for the national interests based on strategic clarity even though the ROK is not a founding country of the UNC. The United States is willing to innovate the future mission and role of the UNC as a multinational peacekeeper capable of supporting a peace regime on the Korean Peninsula while maintaining its influence in East Asia. In conclusion, it is important that the UNC continue to support liberal democracy in the Republic of Korea and develop into a multinational peacekeeping force in East Asia.

Synthesis of binary metal–metal oxide core‐shell nanoparticles via surfactant‐free intercation redox reactions

Yim Gyeonghye,Cho Sanghyuk,Park Jung Tae,Jang Hongje 대한화학회 2022 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.43 No.8

Surfactant-free one-step redox reactions between two types of metal cations enable the synthesis of core-shell nanoparticles without sophisticated control. The reduced noble metal cations form a solid core, and the transition metal cations dissolved upon oxidation induce the subsequent formation of a metal oxide shell. Various nanostructures are obtained from the combination of reduction-preferring Au3+, Pd2+, Pt2 +, Rh3+, and Ir3+ cations, and oxidationpreferring Ti3+, Mo3+, V2+, and V3+ cations. Among the synthesized core-shell nanoparticles, Au–M (M = Ti, Mo, and V) is selected for the photodegradation tests at 365 and 808 nm.

모드 해석을 이용한 트랙터 캡-현가 장치의 동적 파라미터 결정에 관한 연구

조진상(Jinsang Cho),김경욱(Kyeong Uk Kim),박홍제(Hongje Park) 한국자동차공학회 1999 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.7 No.8

ROK’s Preparedness Direction against NK s WMD Threats

Sangjung Park,Hongje Cho,Yooshin Im J-INSTITUTE 2021 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.6 No.3

Purpose: This article is to assess the threats of North Korea’s weapons of mass destruction(WMD), including nuclear weapons, biological weapons, and chemical weapons. It also suggests the direction of the Republic of Korea to prepare for the North Korea’s threats of WMD. Method: The assessment of North Korea s WDM threats is derived from analysis of previous research and em-pirical insights from the experts. It covers the development progress, types, threats and capabilities of North Ko-rea s weapons of mass destruction. Through this process, this article seeks practical ways to eliminate North Ko-rea s WMD threats. Results: North Korea is estimated to have 20 to 60 nuclear weapons and can produce six new nukes per year. North Korea’s biological agents may include anthrax, cholera, yellow fever, smallpox, typhus, dysentery, plague, brucellosis, tularemia, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, botulinum toxin, yellow cattle toxin and so on. Pyongyang, which possesses up to 5,000 tons of chemical weapons, ranks third in the world after the U.S. and Russia. North Korea is estimated to be capable of producing 5,000 tons per year during armistice and 12,000 tons during war-time. Finally, North Korea could use its WMD against ROK, Japanese, and U.S. targets in the region. Conclusion: A combination of open negotiations and real pressure based on the strong ROK-U.S. alliance will be the best option for eliminating North Korea s WMD threats. The key is to induce the active participation of Chi-na, Japan, and Russia around the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, the international community s sanctions against North Korea s weapons of mass destruction threat should be continuously strengthened.