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Protein-based soft micro-optics fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing
Sun, Yun-Lu,Dong, Wen-Fei,Niu, Li-Gang,Jiang, Tong,Liu, Dong-Xu,Zhang, Lu,Wang, Ying-Shuai,Chen, Qi-Dai,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sun, Hong-Bo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Light, science & applications Vol.3 No.1
<P>In this work, we report a novel soft diffractive micro-optics, called 'microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)', which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. By carefully optimizing various process parameters of FsLDW (e. g., average laser power density, scanning step, exposure time on a single point and protein concentration), the as-formed protein micro-KPLs exhibit excellent surface quality, well-defined three-dimensional (3D) geometry and distinctive optical properties, even in relatively harsh operation environments (for instance, in strong acid or base). Laser shaping, imaging and other optical performances can be easily achieved. More importantly, micro-KPLs also have unique flexible and stretchable properties as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, such protein hydrogel-based micro-optics may have great potential applications, such as in flexible and stretchable photonics and optics, soft integrated optical microsystems and bioimplantable devices.</P>
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Correlation of Adventitial Vasa Vasorum with Intracranial Atherosclerosis: A Postmortem Study
Lu Zheng,Wen Jie Yang,Chun Bo Niu,Hai Lu Zhao,Ka Sing Wong,Thomas Wai Hong Leung,Xiang Yan Chen 대한뇌졸중학회 2018 Journal of stroke Vol.20 No.3
Background and Purpose Vasa vasorum (VV) have been believed to be rare or non-existent in small-caliber intracranial arteries. In a series of human cerebral artery specimens, we identified and examined the distribution of VV in association with co-existing intracranial atherosclerosis. Methods We obtained cerebral artery specimens from 32 consecutive autopsies of subjects aged 45 years or above. We scrutinized middle cerebral artery (MCA), vertebral artery (VA), and basilar artery (BA) for the presence of adventitial VV. We described the distribution of VV, and the characteristics of co-existing atherosclerotic lesions. Results Among 157 intracranial arteries, adventitial VV were present in 74 of the 157 specimens (47%), involving MCA (n=13, 18%), BA (n=14, 19%), and VA (n=47, 64%). Although qualitatively these 74 adventitial VV distributed similarly in arteries with or without atherosclerotic lesions (disease-free arteries n=4/8; arteries of pre-atherosclerosis n=17/42; and arteries of progressive atherosclerosis n=53/107), the presence of adventitial VV in intracranial VA was associated with a heavier plaque load (1.72±1.66 mm2 vs. 0.40±0.32 mm2, P<0.001), severer luminal stenosis (25%±21% vs. 12%±9%, P=0.002), higher rate of concentric lesions (79% vs. 36%, P=0.002), and denser intraplaque calcification (44% vs. 0%, P=0.003). Histologically, intracranial VA with VV had a larger diameter (3.40±0.79 mm vs. 2.34±0.58 mm, P<0.001), thicker arterial wall (0.31±0.13 mm vs. 0.23±0.06 mm, P=0.002), and a larger intima-media (0.19±0.09 mm vs. 0.13± 0.04 mm, P=0.003) than VA without VV. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the distribution of adventitial VV within brain vasculature and association between vertebral VV and progressive atherosclerotic lesions with a heavier plaque load and denser intraplaque calcification.
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