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“불명예는 피로만 씻어낼 수 있다” : 파디아 파키르의 『내 이름은 살마』에서 그려지는 유목적 이름 되찾기 그리고 죽음으로의 귀향
차희정 ( Cha¸_ Heejung ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.3
Following Rosi Braidotti's notions of nomadic theory and feminist subjectivity, this paper explores Jordanian British writer Fadia Faqir’s My Name is Salma. This postmodern, feminist, nonlinear narrative revolves around the story of a Muslim woman who is pregnant out of wedlock and sentenced to death by her traditional Bedouin tribe and family. In the face of this threat of honor killing, leaving her baby behind, Salma is smuggled to a convent in Lebanon and then exiled to Exeter, Britain. There, as a migrant Muslim, Salma is renamed Sally and goes through a process of making a new identity. Nonetheless, Salma/Sally is not only haunted by past experiences in the old country, the Levant, but also suffers cultural assimilation, racial discrimination, and religious conflict in the new country, Britain. Eventually, as a British citizen, Sally returns home and reclaims her lost daughter Layla, synonymous with her lost name in the Levant; as a Bedouin Muslim, Salma cannot escape her cultural fate and is shot by her brother in the name of family honor. Considering Salma/Sally's experience in-between the East and the West, this paper focuses on her as a nomadic feminist subject - a focus on her becoming which is incomplete yet unyieldingly in its progression.
Learning and Unlearning in Terms of Homing and Becoming In Linda Hogan's Power and Solar Storms
Heejung Cha 21세기영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학21 Vol.20 No.1
본 논문에서는 아메리칸 인디언 여성작가 린다 호건의 소설 힘과 태양폭풍에 나타난 딸-화자들의 귀향과 성장과정에 중요한 영향을 끼치는 학습과 탈학습의 과정을 살펴보고자 한다. 이 소설들은 아메리칸 인디언으로서의 정체성, 자아발전, 자아실현을 위해서는, 딸-화자들이 백인중심의 현대교육제도에서 학습된 사고, 가치관에서 탈피하여야하며, 왜곡된 인디언 역사, 경시된 환경 친화적인 문화, 전통가치관의 학습의 필요성을 보여주고 있다. 더 나아가서, 에코 페미니즘적 시각에서, 남녀관계뿐만 아니라, 인간(문화)과 동물(자연)의 관계에서도 당연시 여겨지는 배타적, 위계적 관계에 의문을 제시하면서, 그러한 불평등 관계의 밑바탕이 되는 문화적, 인종적, 성적, 생태학적 경계선을 허물고자하는 노력을 보여준다. 또한, 지구의 심각한 피폐화와 인간의 삶, 특히 아메리카 인디언들의 자연친화적 삶의 위기를 가져온 인간중심의 서구문명화와 개발을 비판하고 있다. 결론적으로, 역사적 사건, 신화, 전래설화를 바탕으로 한 딸-화자들의 귀향과 성장소설을 통하여, 호건은 아메리칸 인디언들의 삶과 묻혀버린 역사를 재조명하고, 환경정의(environmental justice)의 당위성과 실현을 위하여 건전한 관계 정립의 필요성을 피력하고 있다.
A Bangladeshi Muslim Woman Wearing a Sari and Ice-Skating in London in Monica Ali’s Brick Lane
( Heejung Cha ) 21세기영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학21 Vol.31 No.2
Monica Ali’s immigrant family saga, Brick Lane (2003) has been praised as an important novel about Muslims in Britain and has been a huge success for a realist narrative with a postcolonial story. Ali’s diasporic narrative poignantly capsizes the prevailing images of Muslims in the contemporary world and switches the plot from London to Dhaka to narrate the stories of Bangladeshi sisters, Nazneen and Hasina. In terms of Muslim diaspora genre, this paper explores Brick Lane which portrays Bangladeshi immigrants and the second generation in an East End community in London, where after 9/11, Islamophobia much aggravates racism and marginalization of ethnic minorities. Also, the transforming process of the subaltern Muslim sisters from 1967 to 2003 is discussed. Nazneen in the East End immigrant community transforms herself into a self-willed independent worker in London; likewise, Hasina becomes a battered wife, a factory worker, a prostitute, and a housemaid but keeps fighting for her own happiness against a patriarchal society in Dhaka. Ultimately, both Muslim women come to develop political consciousness, sexual awareness, and a sense of belonging in their own ways.
Heejung Cha 한국영미어문학회 2013 영미어문학 Vol.- No.110
In her internationally acclaimed novel, Please Look Alter Mom, by depicting the disappearance of an old illiterate mother- woman and her family's desperate search, Kyung- sook Shin reveals the invisibility of a Korean mother with the fragmented memories of the guilt- plagued family. In doing so, she (re)raises critical questions in relation to maternal love, motherhood, and female body in patriarchal Korean society deeply grounded in Confucianism. The aftermath of the disappearance is multi - directionally narrated by the novelist daughter, businessman son, elderly husband, and lastly, the mother herself. This paper explores how each family member in mourning copes with grief and loss and comes to remember a silenced story of the mother- woman in terms of a feminist curiosity. Ultimately, with the unique technique of the second- person narrative, Shin's sentimental but thought- provoking novel makes it possible for not only Korean but also international readers to recognize the universal invisibility of women in various patriarchal cultures and further pay attention to unheard female voices for the transformation of women's life in a critically self-reflective way.