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FEATURED Mathematical Programming Approaches to the Synthesis of Chemical Process Systems
Grossmann, Ignacio E .,Caballero, Jose Antonio,Yeomans, Hector 한국화학공학회 1999 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.16 No.4
This paper presents a review of advances that have taken place in the mathematical programming approach to process design and synthesis. A review is first presented on the algorithms that are available for solving MINLP problems, and its most recent variant, Generalized Disjunctive Programming models. The formulation of superstructures, models and solution strategies is also discussed for the effective solution of the corresponding optimization problems. The rest of the paper is devoted to reviewing recent mathematical programming models for the synthesis of reactor networks, distillation sequences, heat exchanger networks, mass exchanger networks, utility plants, and total flowsheets. As will be seen from this review, the progress that has been achieved in this area over the last decade is very significant.
Gene Expression of Arginine Vasotocin in Ovarian and Uterine Tissues of the Chicken
Saito, N.,Grossmann, R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.5
The hypothalamus is the classic site of synthesis of arginine vasotocin as neurohypophyseal hormone in the chicken. However, high concentrations of arginine vasotocin were also measured in ovarian tissues by radioimmunoassay. At first, we observed specific positive signal of mRNA encoding AVT in the hypothalamus by Northern hybridization. However, we could not find any specific bands in ovarian and uterine tissues. For evidence of transcription of the arginine vasotocin gene ingonadal tissues of the chicken, this study has applied the polymerase chain reaction as a highly sensitive assay. The hypothalamus, the four largest preovulatory ovarian follicles and the shell gland (uterus) were collected at 4 h and 20 h before oviposition. The ovarian follicular tissues were separated into granulose theca interns and theca externa layers. The uterine tissues were separated into myometrium and endometrium The extracted mRNA was converted to cDNA by reverse-transcriptase using oligo-$d(T)_{15}$ primer. Then, the cDNA was amplified by Vent polymerase and arginine vasotocin specific primers. The amplification reaction was incubated by 30 cycles successively, $95^{\circ}C$, $55^{\circ}C$ and $72^{\circ}C$ earth for 1 min. Te comparisons of the mRNA levels encoding arginine vasotocin between the tissues were determined by semi-quantification methods. After amplification of the cDNA, the PCR products were detected in hypothalamus, ovarian tissues and uterine tissues. The results of semi-quantification showed that the levels of arginine vasotocin mRNA in ovarian iud uterine tissues were about from 1/50 to 1/1000 when compared to that in the hypothalamus. The very low levels of mRNA encoding arginine vasotocin in ovarian and uterine tissues probably led us to conclude that arginine vasotocin may play a role of local mediate acting autocrine and/or paracrine.
F. Zimmermann,M. Jenne,D. Grossmann,A. Grubera,M. Kumkar 한국레이저가공학회 2021 Laser Solutions Vol.24 No.8
극초단 레이저 펄스에 의한 투명 소재의 용접이 최근에 특히 주목을 받고 있다. 짧은 펄스폭은 면적 내에서 유리를 국부적인 개질 영역을 만들 수 있는 반면 높은 펄스 반복률의 펄스에서 펄스로의 열을 축적하여 국부적인 응용 현상을 초래한다. 재 응고 후 접착제 등 추가 재료없이 강력하게 접합이 가능하다. 특히 이종 소재 유리에서도 강한 파괴 강도로 용접될 수 있으며, 용접 심 또한 가스 밀도가 높고 장기적으로도 안정적이다. 그러나 산업의 응용 분야에서는 높은 생산 속도를 요구한다. 공정 속도를 높이려면 레이저 열을 시간 및 공간적으로 조정하기 위한 맞춤화가 필요하다. 짧은 레이저 펄스 열 (Pulse train)을 사용하면 소위 버스트를 통해 유도 응력을 줄이거나 재분배하여 용접된 샘플의 용접 강도를 높일 수 있다. 사용된 레이저 파라미터 외에도, 표면 품질과 최종 간격(Gap)은 산업용으로서의 레이저 용접에 결정적인 문제를 제기한다. 이 프레임워크에서 시분할 펌프 프로브 측정은 용접 심의 진화, 특히 공정 개발을 촉진하는 샘플 사이에 용융 이동을 분석하는 데 사용된다. 편광 광학으로 시간 분해 펌프 프로브 설정을 확장하면 달성 가능한 파괴 강도를 최적화하기 위해 필요로 하는 레이저 유도 응력을 정량적으로 연구할 수도 있다.
Sirunyan, A. M.,Tumasyan, A.,Adam, W.,Ambrogi, F.,Asilar, E.,Bergauer, T.,Brandstetter, J.,Brondolin, E.,Dragicevic, M.,Erö,, J.,Flechl, M.,Friedl, M.,Frü,hwirth, R.,Ghete, V. M.,Grossmann, J. Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2018 No.7
<P>This paper presents a measurement of the underlying event activity in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV, performed using inclusive Z boson production events collected with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The analyzed data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb(-1). The underlying event activity is quantified in terms of the charged particle multiplicity, as well as of the scalar sum of the charged particles' transverse momenta in different topological regions defined with respect to the Z boson direction. The distributions are unfolded to the stable particle level and compared with predictions from various Monte Carlo event generators, as well as with similar CDF and CMS measurements at center-of-mass energies of 1.96 and 7TeV respectively.</P>
Sirunyan, A. M.,Tumasyan, A.,Adam, W.,Ambrogi, F.,Asilar, E.,Bergauer, T.,Brandstetter, J.,Brondolin, E.,Dragicevic, M.,Erö,, J.,Flechl, M.,Friedl, M.,Frü,hwirth, R.,Ghete, V. M.,Grossmann, J. Springer-Verlag 2018 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2018 No.3
<P>Search results are presented for physics beyond the standard model in final states with two opposite-charge, same-flavor leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016. The analysis uses the invariant mass of the lepton pair, searching for a kinematic edge or a resonant-like excess compatible with the Z boson mass. The search for a kinematic edge targets production of particles sensitive to the strong force, while the resonance search targets both strongly and electroweakly produced new physics. The observed yields are consistent with the expectations from the standard model, and the results are interpreted in the context of simplified models of supersymmetry. In a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) model of gluino pair production with decay chains including Z bosons, gluino masses up to 1500-1770 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level depending on the lightest neutralino mass. In a model of electroweak chargino-neutralino production, chargino masses as high as 610 GeV are excluded when the lightest neutralino is massless. In GMSB models of electroweak neutralino-neutralino production, neutralino masses up to 500-650 GeV are excluded depending on the decay mode assumed. Finally, in a model with bottom squark pair production and decay chains resulting in a kinematic edge in the dilepton invariant mass distribution, bottom squark masses up to 980-1200 GeV are excluded depending on the mass of the next-to-lightest neutralino.</P>