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現代日本語の可能表現「N(ガ)デキル」と「eル・ラレル」の比較考察 - 意味的分布の比較を中心に -
FURUTA RYOKO 한국일본어학회 2016 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.49
In this study, according to the level of subjectivity, the ‘possibility’ was divided into attribute possibility, able possibility, situational possibility and will possibility, and the distribution aspects on the four possible types of the representatives of possibility, ‘N(ga)dekiru’ and ‘eru・rareru’ were analyzed. As a result, it was verified that there was a significant difference between the two types of ‘N(ga)dekiru’ and ‘eru・rareru’. Moreover, as a result of the comparative consideration on the differences of the two forms through the analysis result, the matters stated below were clarified. 1)In contrast to the point by Okuda(1986) on ‘eru・rareru’ sentences are limited with people as the subject’, regarding that objects and incidents have the attribute possibility to be shown on the location as the subject, ‘eru・rareru’ sentences have high ratio of people being the subject, but it was verified that objects and incidents are also shown as the subject. 2)As for the situational possibility, there was a tendency of examples focused in the indeterminate form of ‘eru・rareru’. This is considered to be due to the effect of the Rareru sentence forming process. 3)For the will possibility, having high rate of ‘N(ga)dekiru’ is considered to be due to having the function of being easily linked to the case of requiring will on the ‘N(ga)dekiru’ itself. In conclusion, ‘eru・rareru’ is affected by the original meaning of natural occurrence in the Rareru sentence, and thus when strong will is required, it is not frequently shown. And the weak point of ‘eru・rareru’ can be supplemented by ‘N(ga)dekiru’ having the function of 〈+will〉. 본 연구에서는 주체성의 정도에 따라 가능을 속성가능, 능력가능, 상황가능, 의지가능의 4가지 타이프로 나누어, 가능의 대표형식인「N(ガ)デキル」와「eル・ラレル」에 있어 그 분포양상을 분석했다. 그 결과 두 형식 사이에는 의미있는 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 더욱이 분석결과로부터 두 형식의 차이를 세밀히 비교한 결과, 다음과 같은 사실을 명확히 하였다. 1)오쿠다(1986)의‘ 「eル・ラレル」문은 ヒト주어에 한정되어 있다’ 는 지적에 대해, モノ・コト가 주어 위치에 나타나는 속성가능에 있어, 「eル・ラレル」는 ヒト가 주어가 되는 경우가 많다고는 하지만, モノ・コト주어도 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 2)상황가능에서 「eル・ラレル」는 부정형에 용례가 집중되는 경향을 보였다. 이는 ラレル문 형성 과정에서 영향을 받았다고 생각할 수 있다. 3)의지가능에서 「N(ガ)デキル」의 정도가 높은 것은, 「N(ガ)デキル」자체에 의지성이 요구되는 경우와 연결되기 쉬운 기능이 있기 때문이라고 생각할 수 있다. 결론으로서 「eル・ラレル」는 ラレル문의 자연발생이라는 원래 의미의 영향에서 강한 의지성이 요구되는 경우에는 나타나기 어렵고,「eル・ラレル」가 다루기 어려운 부분을 「N(ガ)デキル」가 〈+의지성〉기능을 가짐으로써 보완하고 있다고 볼 수 있다.
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FURUTA RYOKO 한국일본언어문화학회 2015 일본언어문화 Vol.32 No.-
In this paper, the model of “possibility” is first established in pursuing the meaning and usage of the expression of possibility “N(ga)dekiru”, and the meanings of “possibility” into three types such as <potentiality>, <realization> and <intermediate type> are set, thinking that <potentiality> and <expression>, which are the grammatical meanings represented by “possibility”, are not different, but “possibility” is the concept that has both <potentiality> and <expression>. Next, it is investigated under which conditions the expression of possibility “N(ga)dekiru” can be represented by distinguishing three types from two viewpoints such as subject and possibility factors. The results are follows. First, it is confirmed that if the subject is “person”, and the subject of action can be specified, “ability possibility” that represents <potentiality>, “situation possibility” representing from <potentiality> to <expression> and “realization possibility” that represents <expression> can be thought according to the differences of possibility factors. Second, if the subject of action cannot be specified, “person” “object” and “incident” can be thought of as the subject, and they all are found to be “attribute possibility” that represents “potentiality”. In this regard, this paper has its significance in that it divided the meanings of “possibility” identified by the conventional dichotomy of <potentiality> or <expression> into three types in consideration of the relevance of <potentiality> and <expression> and confirmed that the meanings of “possibility” can be determined depending on the type of the subject and the factor of “possibility”. .
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