http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
오늘 본 자료
Targeting Bcr–Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors
Zhang, Jianming,Adriá,n, Francisco J.,Jahnke, Wolfgang,Cowan-Jacob, Sandra W.,Li, Allen G.,Iacob, Roxana E.,Sim, Taebo,Powers, John,Dierks, Christine,Sun, Fangxian,Guo, Gui-Rong,Ding, Qiang,Okra Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2010 Nature Vol.463 No.7280
In an effort to find new pharmacological modalities to overcome resistance to ATP-binding-site inhibitors of Bcr–Abl, we recently reported the discovery of GNF-2, a selective allosteric Bcr–Abl inhibitor. Here, using solution NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, we show that GNF-2 binds to the myristate-binding site of Abl, leading to changes in the structural dynamics of the ATP-binding site. GNF-5, an analogue of GNF-2 with improved pharmacokinetic properties, when used in combination with the ATP-competitive inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib, suppressed the emergence of resistance mutations in vitro, displayed additive inhibitory activity in biochemical and cellular assays against T315I mutant human Bcr–Abl and displayed in vivo efficacy against this recalcitrant mutant in a murine bone-marrow transplantation model. These results show that therapeutically relevant inhibition of Bcr–Abl activity can be achieved with inhibitors that bind to the myristate-binding site and that combining allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors can overcome resistance to either agent alone.
Refugee Immigration and Total Factor Productivity
Dierk Herzer 한국국제경제학회 2017 International Economic Journal Vol.31 No.3
This paper uses panel cointegration and causality techniques to examine the long-run relationship between refuge immigration and total factor productivity (TFP), a relationship that has not yet been examined in the literature. It is found that refugee immigration has, on average, a positive long-run effect on TFP, suggesting that refuge immigration increases the diversity of skills and ideas available to society as a whole, which in turn promotes specialization and innovation. It is also found that causality is unidirectional from refugee immigration to TFP, suggesting that refugees are primarily motivated by the push factor of persecution in the source country rather than by productivity (and hence welfare) gains as a potential pull factor in the destination country.
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED PATHOGEN RECOGNITION AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION IN PLANT DEFENSE
Dierk Scheel,Beatrix Blume,Heribert Hirt,Thomas Kroj,Wilco Ligtering,Dirk Nennstie,Thorsten Nürnberger,Markus Tschöpe,Heidi Zinecker,Uta zur Nieden Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 1998 Proceedings the 2nd Korean-Germany joint symposium Vol.1998 No.-
Outward FDI, Total Factor Productivity and Domestic Output: Evidence from Germany
Dierk Herzer 한국국제경제학회 2012 International Economic Journal Vol.26 No.1
This paper examines the impact of outward FDI on domestic output and total factor productivity by applying cointegration techniques to macroeconomic time series data for Germany. We find a positive relationship between outward FDI and domestic output as well as between outward FDI and total factor productivity. Furthermore, our results indicate that there is bidirectional causality between outward FDI and domestic output, and outward FDI and total factor productivity, suggesting that increased output and productivity are both a consequence and a cause of increased outward FDI. Overall, the results of this paper can be interpreted as evidence of productivity-enhancing, and thus growth-enhancing, effects of outward FDI, which is inconsistent with the simplistic idea that outward investment represents a diversion of domestic economic activity.
Teaching in the shadow: operators of small shadow education institutions in Japan
Julian Dierkes 서울대학교 교육연구소 2010 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.11 No.1
The shadow education sector plays a centrally important role in the Japanese education system. Advocates of Japanese shadow education institutions, or juku, claim that the pedagogy employed in these schools leads to superior results compared to teaching methods used in conventional schools. The lack of value-added testing of juku results suggests that these claims have not been tested. In this article, I examine the background of the owner-operators of small juku and the challenges they face in hiring teaching staff. The small juku examined were mostly founded during the juku-boom of the early 1970s and continue to teach 100-200 students with a staff usually numbering more than 10 part-time or full-time teachers. I find that almost no operators or employees come to the shadow education business by design. Instead, owner-operators "slide into" their role for lack of alternative options, or through early success, or through frustration with previous careers. Subsequently, many of the owner-operators embrace their work as a pedagogical calling. In hiring teaching staff, owner-operators circumvent the larger employment market by hiring their own "graduates".
Korbinian Nagel,Dierk Herzer,PETER NUNNENKAMP 한국국제경제학회 2015 International Economic Journal Vol.29 No.4
This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on population health using panel data for up to 179 countries for the period between 1980 and 2011. Our main finding is that the relationship between FDI and health is nonlinear, depending on the level of income: FDI has a positive effect on health at low levels of income, but the effect decreases with increasing income, then changes sign and becomes increasingly negative at higher levels of income.
Oxidation behavior of AlN/CrN multilayered hard coatings
Tytko Darius,Choi Pyuck-Pa,Raabe Dierk 나노기술연구협의회 2017 Nano Convergence Vol.4 No.15
We report on the oxidation behavior of AlN/CrN multilayers at 900 °C, deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. It is shown that oxidation in this system is controlled by diffusion of Cr towards the surface and formation of Cr2O3. Cr diffusion is found to mainly occur along grain boundaries. Thus, coherent cubic AlN/CrN multilayer regions with coarse columnar grain structures are found to be oxidation resistant, whereas regions decomposed into hexagonal AlN/cubic CrN are prone to oxidation.
Lapauw, Thomas,Tytko, Darius,Vanmeensel, Kim,Huang, Shuigen,Choi, Pyuck-Pa,Raabe, Dierk,Caspi, El’ad N.,Ozeri, Offir,to Baben, Moritz,Schneider, Jochen M.,Lambrinou, Konstantina,Vleugels, Jozef American Chemical Society 2016 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.55 No.11
<P>The solubility of zirconium (Zr) in the Nb<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> host lattice was investigated by combining the experimental synthesis of (Nb<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>, Zr<SUB>1–<I>x</I></SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> solid solutions with density functional theory calculations. High-purity solid solutions were prepared by reactive hot pressing of NbH<SUB>0.89</SUB>, ZrH<SUB>2</SUB>, Al, and C starting powder mixtures. The crystal structure of the produced solid solutions was determined using X-ray and neutron diffraction. The limited Zr solubility (maximum of 18.5% of the Nb content in the host lattice) in Nb<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> observed experimentally is consistent with the calculated minimum in the energy of mixing. The lattice parameters and microstructure were evaluated over the entire solubility range, while the chemical composition of (Nb<SUB>0.85</SUB>, Zr<SUB>0.15</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> was mapped using atom probe tomography. The hardness, Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness at room temperature as well as the high-temperature flexural strength and E-modulus of (Nb<SUB>0.85</SUB>, Zr<SUB>0.15</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> were investigated and compared to those of pure Nb<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB>. Quite remarkably, an appreciable increase in fracture toughness was observed from 6.6 ± 0.1 MPa/m<SUP>1/2</SUP> for pure Nb<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> to 10.1 ± 0.3 MPa/m<SUP>1/2</SUP> for the (Nb<SUB>0.85</SUB>, Zr<SUB>0.15</SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> solid solution.</P><P>The solubility of Zr in nanolaminated (Nb<SUB>1−<I>x</I></SUB>, Zr<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>)<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB> is investigated. Experimentally, a maximum at <I>x</I> = 18.5% is found, which is consistent with a minimum in the calculated energy of mixing at low Zr contents. The mechanical behavior of this solid solution shows a significant improvement in fracture toughness and temperature stability compared to those of Nb<SUB>4</SUB>AlC<SUB>3</SUB>.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2016/inocaj.2016.55.issue-11/acs.inorgchem.6b00484/production/images/medium/ic-2016-00484u_0007.gif'></P>