Original Articles : Performance of Three Different Biofilter Media in Laboratory-Scale Recirculating Systems for Red Seabream Pagrus major Culture

( Dicky Harwanto ),( Sung Yong Oh ),( Heung Sik Park ),( Jae Yoon Jo ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.4

Juvenile red seabream (mean body weight 29.0 g) were reared in recirculating culture systems with three different biofilter media, sand (SF), polystyrene microbeads (PF), and Kaldnes beads (KF). The efficiencies of the three different biofilter media were also tested. The SF was fluidized, and the PF and KF were trickled. All treatments were duplicated. The volumetric removal rates of total ammonia nitrogen by SF, PF, and KF were 193.8, 183.9, and 142.6 g m-3 day-1, respectively, and those of nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) were 113.4, 105.9, and 85.8 g m-3 day-1, respectively. The TAN and NO2-N removal rates of KF were lower than those of SF and PF (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in these rates between SF and PF (P > 0.05). Among the biofilters used, only KF showed total suspended solid (TSS) removal capacity. The TSS removal efficiencies of SF and PF were negative. The growth rates of fish in SF were significantly higher than those in KF but not higher than those in PF. There was no difference in growth rate between fish in PF and KF. The specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of red seabreams in KF were lower than those in SF and PF, but there were no significant differences between SF and PF. These results indicate that sand and polystyrene microbeads are recommended for red seabream culture in a recirculating system.

Performance of Three Different Biofilter Media in Laboratory-Scale Recirculating Systems for Red Seabream Pagrus major Culture

Harwanto, Dicky,Oh, Sung-Yong,Park, Heung-Sik,Jo, Jae-Yoon The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.4

Juvenile red seabream (mean body weight 29.0 g) were reared in recirculating culture systems with three different biofilter media, sand (SF), polystyrene microbeads (PF), and Kaldnes beads (KF). The efficiencies of the three different biofilter media were also tested. The SF was fluidized, and the PF and KF were trickled. All treatments were duplicated. The volumetric removal rates of total ammonia nitrogen by SF, PF, and KF were 193.8, 183.9, and 142.6 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$, respectively, and those of nitrite nitrogen ($NO_2$-N) were 113.4, 105.9, and 85.8 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$, respectively. The TAN and $NO_2$-N removal rates of KF were lower than those of SF and PF (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in these rates between SF and PF (P > 0.05). Among the biofilters used, only KF showed total suspended solid (TSS) removal capacity. The TSS removal efficiencies of SF and PF were negative. The growth rates of fish in SF were significantly higher than those in KF but not higher than those in PF. There was no difference in growth rate between fish in PF and KF. The specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of red seabreams in KF were lower than those in SF and PF, but there were no significant differences between SF and PF. These results indicate that sand and polystyrene microbeads are recommended for red seabream culture in a recirculating system.

Comparison of the Nitrification Efficiencies of Three Biofilter Media in a Freshwater System

Harwanto, Dicky,Oh, Sung-Yong,Jo, Jae-Yoon The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2011 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.14 No.4

Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) removal efficiencies of a sand filter (SF), polystyrene microbead filter (PF), and Kaldnes bead filter (KF) media were evaluated under ammonia loading rates of 5, 25, and 50 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$. The volume of each filter media tested was 7 L, and the water flow rate for all filter media was 24 L/min. The specific surface areas of the SF, PF, and KF were 7,836, 3,287, and 500 $m^2/m^3$, respectively. Sand was fluidized and the other two media were trickle filtered. The volumetric TAN removal rate increased with increasing ammonia loading rate for all filter media. Mean volumetric TAN removal rates under the ammonia loading rates of 5, 25, and 50 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$ in SF (39.3, 168.6, and 322.7 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$, respectively) were higher than those in PF (35.0, 157.4, and 310.5 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$, respectively) and KF (32.1, 142.5, and 288.1 g $m^{-3}day^{-1}$, respectively). These results were related to differences in the specific surface areas of the filter media. PF was the most economic media for efficiently removing TAN.

Effects of Temperature and Stocking Density on the Ammonia Excretion Rate of Red Seabream, Pagrus major

Harwanto, Dicky,Oh, Sung-Yong,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Gultom, Victor David Nico,Jo, Jae-Yoon Korea Institute of Ocean ScienceTechnology 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.1

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and stocking density on daily patterns and rates of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion in juvenile red seabream Pagrus major (mean body weight: 29.0 g) under fasting and feeding conditions. Fish were acclimated over 7 days under four different temperatures (10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$) and at two different densities (5.5 and $11.0\;kg\;m^{-3}$). Each treatment had three replicates and a total of 216 fish were used. After 72 hours starvation, endogenous TAN excretion was measured for each temperature and density. To investigate exogenous TAN excretion, fish were handfed a commercial diet containing 51.6% crude protein twice a day for 7 days, at 08:00 and 16:00. Water was sampled from both inlets and outlets of chambers every 2 hours over a 24 hour period. Both endogenous and exogenous TAN excretion increased with increases in temperature and density (P<0.05). Mean daily endogenous TAN excretion rates at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ were 88.8, 101.1, 125.0, and $143.3\;mg\;TAN\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ at low density, and 105.2, 119.2, 141.5, and $168.8\;mg\;TAN\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ at high density, respectively. Mean daily exogenous TAN excretion rates at 10, 15, 20, and $25^{\circ}C$ were 343.5, 403.7, 535.7, and $601.7\;mg\;TAN\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ at low density, and 391.9, 479.7, 611.9, and $683.4\;mg\;TAN\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$ at high density, respectively. The exogenous TAN excretion rate peaked 10~12 hours after the first feeding under all temperatures and densities. The TAN loss for ingested nitrogen increased with increases in temperature and density (P<0.05), ranging from 27.9 to 50.1% at low density and 31.7 to 56.9% at high density. This study provides empirical data for estimating ammonia excretion and managing the culture of red seabream under the given temperatures and densities.

The Need of Biofilter for Ammonia Removal in Recirculating Aquaculture System

Harwanto, Dicky,Jo, Jae-Yoon The Korean Society for Marine Biotechnology 2010 한국해양바이오학회지 Vol.4 No.1

With the world's population increase, demands of fish production increased rapidly. Because of the demand increase, methods of aquaculture also become more intense. With the increasing intensity of aquaculture, more metabolites in the system are accumulated. The metabolites accumulated in the system turn to the causatives of water quality deterioration and become limiting factors for fish growth. Due to the toxicity of ammonia, ammonia removal is needed in aquaculture system. Biofilters, often referred as biological filter or nitrification filter are commonly used in recirculating aquaculture system to remove ammonia and convert it to nitrite, and then to nitrate.

Effects of Temperature and Stocking Density on the Ammonia Excretion Rate of Red Seabream, Pagrus major

Dicky Harwanto,오승용,김종관,Victor David Nico Gultom,조재윤 한국해양과학기술원 2010 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.32 No.1

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of temperature and stocking density on daily patterns and rates of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) excretion in juvenile red seabream Pagrus major (mean body weight: 29.0 g) under fasting and feeding conditions. Fish were acclimated over 7 days under four different temperatures (10, 15, 20, and 25℃) and at two different densities (5.5 and 11.0 kg m−3). Each treatment had three replicates and a total of 216 fish were used. After 72 hours starvation, endogenous TAN excretion was measured for each temperature and density. To investigate exogenous TAN excretion, fish were handfed a commercial diet containing 51.6% crude protein twice a day for 7 days, at 08:00 and 16:00. Water was sampled from both inlets and outlets of chambers every 2 hours over a 24 hour period. Both endogenous and exogenous TAN excretion increased with increases in temperature and density (P<0.05). Mean daily endogenous TAN excretion rates at 10, 15, 20, and 25℃ were 88.8, 101.1, 125.0, and 143.3 mg TAN kg−1 d−1 at low density, and 105.2, 119.2, 141.5, and 168.8 mg TAN kg−1 d−1 at high density, respectively. Mean daily exogenous TAN excretion rates at 10, 15, 20, and 25℃ were 343.5, 403.7, 535.7, and 601.7 mg TAN kg−1 d−1 at low density, and 391.9, 479.7, 611.9, and 683.4 mg TAN kg−1 d−1 at high density, respectively. The exogenous TAN excretion rate peaked 10~12 hours after the first feeding under all temperatures and densities. The TAN loss for ingested nitrogen increased with increases in temperature and density (P<0.05), ranging from 27.9 to 50.1% at low density and 31.7 to 56.9% at high density. This study provides empirical data for estimating ammonia excretion and managing the culture of red seabream under the given temperatures and densities.

Effect of Temperatures and Stocking Densities on Ammonia Excretion Rate of Red Sea Bream, Pagrus major

Dicky Harwanto,Sung-Yong Oh,Jae-Yoon Jo 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2009 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.7

Endogeneous ammonia excretion rate and exogeneous ammonia excretion rate of red sea bream (Pagrus major) were investigated under the combination of four different temperatures regimes (10, 15, 20 and 25℃) and two different densities (5.5 and 11 ㎏ m?³). Ammonia excretion was significantly increased with increasing temperature and density. Endogenous ammonia excretions of red sea bream with lower density under 10, 15, 20 and 25℃ were ranged 88.76~143.26 ㎎ ㎏?¹ d?¹, while that under higher density were ranged 105.24~168.82 ㎎ ㎏?¹ d?¹. The relationship between endogenous ammonia excretion rate and temperature in low density was Y=18.746X+si.s6n 1ºw dehi5) and that in high density was Y=21.3 6X+8ons16n low deh t). Exogenous ammonia excretions of red sea bream with low density under 10, 15, 20 and 25℃ were ranged 343.48~601.74 ㎎ ㎏?¹ d?¹. On other hand, exogenous ammonia excretion rates in high density were ranged 391.92~683.40 ㎎ ㎏?¹ d?¹. Ratio of ammonia excretion to ingested nitrogen of red sea bream with lower density under 10, 15, 20 and 25℃ were ranged 27.92~50.11%, while that in higher density were ranged 31.65~56.89%. The relationship between exogenous ammonia excretion (Y) and temperature (T) in low density was Y=90.68T+244.47 (R²=0.9772) and that in high density was Y=100.66T+290.09 (R²=0.988).

Anti-Fatigue Activity of Korean Bullhead (Pseudobagrus fulvidraco) Extract for Improving Exercise Performance in Mice

Dicky Harwanto,Gong-Hyeon Lee,Yong-Ki Hong 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2014 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.10

NITRIFICATION EFFICIENCY OF THREE DIFFERENT BIOFILTER MEDIA IN SEAWATER RECIRCULATION SYSTEMS

Dicky Harwanto,Sung-Yong Oh,Jae-Yoon Jo 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2015 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.5

Oral Administration of a Hot Water Extract of the Softshell Turtle (Trionyx sinensis) Improves Exercise Performance

Harwanto, Dicky,Lee, Gong-Hyeon,Park, Sun-Mee,Choi, Jae-Suk,Kim, Mi-Ryung,Hong, Yong-Ki The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.2

Freshwater softshell turtle (Trionyx sinensis) extract has been used traditionally as a tonic soup, and to recover from physical fatigue. To support these claims, the forelimb grip strength of mice was measured after feeding a soft-shell turtle extract for 7 days. The T. sinensis extract significantly increased the grip strength to $1.25{\pm}0.07N$ (P<0.01), which is 16.8% higher than the force on day 0. After exercising, the blood glucose levels in extract-fed mice were 202% higher and urea levels were 73% lower, which were both significantly different than the levels observed after control treatment. Lactate dehydrogenase was significantly higher by 314%, and glutathione peroxidase increased by 165%. In addition, the obesity markers, serum triglyceride and cholesterol, decreased to 62% and 49%, respectively, after mice were fed the extract. These data show that the T. sinensis extract provided more energy for forelimb exercise, prevented protein catabolism and muscle fatigue, and decreased the oxidative stress caused by an exhaustive workout.