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“Clinical legal regulation of Euthanasia”
Chuluunsukh.S,Damdinjav.Kh,Tuvshinjargal. TS,Tserenbat.M 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2020 몽골지역연구 Vol.5 No.2
Euthanasia is one of the most sensitive issues which directly related to the human right to life and social psychology, and it is a topic that directly affects whether a person will live or die in the future. As a component of multifaceted social relations, euthanasia is a complex concept that includes ethics, medicine, legal science, and religious and customary norms. The issue and problems about euthanasia, which arises from the its development and trends in legal science in our country and foreign, has been discussed regularly, eventhough has not yet been resolved. The Mongolian Law on Health and other medical legal acts do not prohibit euthanasia, and regulated open to refuse continue treatment procedure, while from a criminal point of view, euthanasia is prohibited by criminal law. For example, if a doctor performs euthanasia with the consent of a client or his / her relatives, he / she will be considered a criminal and sentenced to 8~15 years in prison according to Article 10.1 of the 2015 Criminal Code of Mongolia. Moreover, the 2010 Supreme Court’s General Interpretation states that the killing of a victim with the victim’s consent should be categorized as such. Since no such study has been conducted before, we intend to conduct this study because there has not been done any comprehensive medical and legal survey to determine the knowledge and attitudes of physicians and caregivers of patients about the legal environment. furthermore the palliative care has been developed in Mongolia for 20 years which can relieve pains and other issues made patient and their family don not seek decline treatment. On the other hand, the development of a democratic society raises the issue of human rights at a time when human rights issues are on the rise.
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Park, Yeong Dae,Lee, Don Koo,Stanturf, John A.,Woo, Su Young,Zoyo, Damdinjav Korean Society of Forest Science 2009 한국산림과학회지 Vol.98 No.5
This study was conducted to investigate ecological indicators of forest degradation after forest fire and clear-cutting in the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) stand of Mongolia. The species abundance and biodiversity indices were higher in burned and clear-cut stands than those of reference stand, but boreal understory species, such as Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pyrola incarnata, Linnea borealis and Maianthemum bifolium, completely disappeared and was replaced by sedge species, such as Carex duriuscula, C. lanceolata, C. pediformis, Poa attenuata and P. pratensis. During the research period, temperature increased by an average of $1.6^{\circ}C$ in burned stand and $1.7^{\circ}C$ in clear-cut stand compared to reference stand, but RH sharply decreased up to 15.7% in clear-cut stand. This result indicates that Larix sibirica stand became warmer and drier after forest fire and clear-cutting, and contributed to the abundance of sedge and grass species in the understory. Moreover, intense occupation of tall sedge grass after forest fire and clear-cutting had a vital role as obstacle on natural regeneration of Larix sibirica. The similarity of species composition between reference and burned stands was higher (73.6%) than between reference and clear-cut stands (63.8%). Soil moisture significantly decreased after forest fire and clear-cutting, and the extent of decrease was more severe in the clear-cut stand. The chemical properties at soil organic layer were significantly affected by forest fire and clear-cutting but not the mineral horizons. Inorganic nitrogen of the forest floor significantly decreased in the clear-cut stand ($1.1{\pm}0.4mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) than that of the burned ($4.5{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) and reference stands ($5.0{\pm}2.3mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$). Available P of the forest floor significantly increased after fire, whereas it decreased after clear-cutting. These results indicate that existence of boreal understory vegetation, and changes in soil moisture and available P are distinct attributes applicable as ecological indicators for identifying forest degradation in Mongolia.
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Kang, Hyun-Mi,Choi, Jun-Gu,Kim, Kwang-Il,Kim, Bang-Sil,Batchuluun, Damdinjav,Erdene-Ochir, Tseren-Ochir,Kim, Min-Chul,Kwon, Jun-Hun,Park, Choi-Kyu,Lee, Youn-Jeong Elsevier 2013 Veterinary microbiology Vol.167 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Influenza virus A (H5N1) clade 2.3.2.1 has recently caused widespread outbreaks of disease in domestic poultry and wild birds in Eastern Asia. In the current study, the antigenicity and pathogenicity of three clade 2.3.2.1 viruses (Ck/Kr/Gimje/08, Ws/Mongolia/1/09, and Ws/Mongolia/7/10) were investigated in domestic ducks and mice. The H5N1 influenza viruses in this study were antigenically similar to each other (<I>r</I>-values of 0.35–1.4). The three viruses replicated systemically in all tissues tested in domestic ducks, indicating high pathogenicity. However, the viruses produced different clinical signs and mortality rates: Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/1/09 resulted in 100% mortality with severe neurological signs, whereas Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in 50% mortality with relatively mild neurological signs. In mice, infection with Ck/Kr/Gimje/08 and Ws/Mongolia/7/10 resulted in weight loss that peaked at 4 days post-infection (22.3% and 20.8%, respectively), same MLD<SUB>50</SUB> (2.2 Log<SUB>10</SUB> EID<SUB>50</SUB>) and systemic replication. The three viruses had K deletion at the −2 position of the HA1-connecting peptide (PQRERRRK-R), which is associated with increased virulence in domestic ducks and harbored NA stalk deletion, NS1 deletion and mutation of P42S in NS1, and full length (90aa) in PB1-F2, which confer increased virulence in mice. Our study shows that clade 2.3.2.1 viruses from Korea and Mongolia are antigenically similar and highly pathogenic in both domestic ducks and mice. Moreover, we provide molecular determinants of the clade 2.3.2.1 viruses associated with the pathogenicity in domestic ducks and mice, respectively.</P>
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