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Chungsik Yu(Chungsik Yu) J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.2
Purpose: The purpose of this study aims to find the way in which policy implementation structure is established to support social enterprise applicants. Together with it, the study proposes the social innovative measures of the social enterprise certification program based on bureaucratic administration through the discovery of social val-ues. Methods: The article examines public data on social enterprise certification from 2007 to 2022 and interviews with the stakeholders in social enterprise by utilizing Enroljas’ mimetic institutional isomorphism that focuses on the system, actors, and the interaction among actors as variables. Chapter 2 discusses social enterprise, admin-istrative decentralization, social value and social innovation. Chapter 3 conducts an institutional analysis of the certification support administrative system. Chapter 4 undertakes an institutional analysis of the designation support administrative system. Chapter 5 pinpoints the limitation of the certification in the realization of social value, suggest the social purpose company as innovation, and compares the independent legal entity of social enterprise between Korea, UK and US. Results: The certification and designation system are operated by the dual management mode of administra-tive organization and intermediate organization. The policy implementation structure consist of vertical structure between administrative organizations and horizontal structure between administrative ones and intermediary. The certification system suppresses the realization of the social value of social enterprises and experiences the organizational identification. Conclusion: The independent legal entity of social enterprises is an institutional innovation instead of bureau-cratic certification program. This outcome is confirmed by comparing the institutions of social enterprise legal entities in the United States and the United Kingdom.
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South Korea’s Strategic Culture and China’s National AI STRATEGY: A Neoclassical Realist View
Chungsik Yu J-INSTITUTE 2021 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.6 No.2
Purpose: South Korea s foreign policy executives need to make security policy choices about China s AI as a security threat with normative nature. The purpose of this article is to identify the ideas of the South Korean security policy executives and to analyze the role of the policy elites’ perception in foreign policymaking about China s artificial intelligence as a newly emerging security challenge. Together with this, it is approached to evaluate the strategic perception of Moon Jae-in s foreign policy executive in connection with China’s artificial intelligence. Method: The article examines the document and speech of the foreign policymakers of Korea and China as well as the media coverage of the two countries by utilizing Kitchen’s neoclassical realism with a focus on the elites’ perception as an intervening variable, international systemic pressure as an independent variable, and foreign policy outcome as a dependent variable. Chapter 2 reviews the strategic culture of a middle power. Chapter 3 finds China’s AI strategy as a systemic threat. Chapter 4 explores the former Korean governments’ strategic ideas for China. Chapter 5 finds Moon Jae-in government’s idea of the China AI strategy. Results: The article reveals the nature of China’s AI, the role of Korea’s strategic culture, and the capacity of policy elites to emerging security. First, China s AI has the nature of systemic pressure. Sec-ond, the foreign policy executives of Korea differently respond to China’s systemic pressure. Third, the Moon Jae-in government’s policy elites have autonomous power against the international systemic pressure and consider the economic interest as important. Conclusion: This article concluded that the foreign policy elites’ perception intervenes between the international systemic pressure and state foreign policy-making. The elites induce the discussion of AI from the view of middle power multilateralism rather than that of AI from the view of ethical and geopolitical context. The article also says that Korea s foreign policy elites can operationalize the ideas in considering the balance of interest with China.
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Chungsik Yu J-INSTITUTE 2022 Regulations Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to compare institutional arrangements between precedent social enterprises with a focus on the change of third sector organizations. Along with this, it is also to give an implication for a latecomer that insufficiently institutionalized social enterprise from the side of precedent countries of social enterprise. Method: The article reviews the policy documents and legal data of the governments and public organizations involving the UK, the US, and South Korea as well as China by applying Krasner’s model of punctuated equilibrium that gives attention to macro, meso, and micro institutions. Chapter 2 explores the paths and types of social enterprise. Chapter 3 discusses the economic environment and regime change, the legalization and legal entity, and the support system and support measure of social enterprise. Chapter 4 discusses the comparison of the in-fluence of multi-leveled institutions. Chapter 5 discusses an implication for a latecomer of social enterprise, China. Results: The article finds the influence of institution on social enterprise and an implication for a latecomer. First, the welfare liberal state with voluntary sector tradition forms the social enterprise as a separate legal entity as the state experiences an economic recession and low employment. Second, the welfare liberal state with non-profit sector tradition makes social enterprise a separable legal entity as the state undergoes economic recession and high employment. Third, the statism-centered state with an underdeveloped third sector forms social enterprise as an inseparable legal entity as the state goes through an economic recession and low employment. China as a latecomer puts together the cases of the precedent nations for its institution-building. Conclusion: This article concludes that the third sector development and character plays a critical role in form-ing social enterprise when state and market address external shock and internal conflict. Institutions tend to per-sist, but the social enterprise is formed as the existing third sector organization encounters an exogenous variable and is mediated by state and market.
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조정식(Chungsik Cho),유정연(Jungyeon Yu),송수원(Suwon Song),이윤규(Yungyu Lee) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
There has been growing interest in fine dust and also concerning about the following problems, such as the limitation of outdoor activities, the anxiety about indoor air quality, and the health problems of the respiratory system. The socioeconomic impacts of the pollution can not be ignored especially for the elderly people who are classified as a health-vulnerable group. This analyzed the measurement results of indoor air quality (IAQ) for a total of 94 elderly care facilities in a city and also suggested maintenance plans for such elderly care facilities. The measurements results show that the indoor conditions of elderly care facilities met the 2018 criteria of IAQ in most pollutants items, but for the post-revision criteria, PM10 exceeded the standard of 12% and PM-2.5 exceeded the standard of 20% for elderly care facilities. In addition, it was reported that the concentration of other pollutants such as fungi, NOx, and VOCs are relatively high in elderly care facilities. Therefore, it is recommended to implement the maintenance plans suggested in this study to improve overall IAQ as well as to meet the requirements of the revised IAQ standards in 2019 for elderly care facilities.
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유정연(Jungyeon Yu),송수원(Suwon Song),조정식(Chungsik Cho),이윤규(Yunqyu Lee) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
This paper analyzed the results of indoor air quality (IAQ) measurements for a total of 283 daycare centers in 2018. The measured IAQ types are 10 pollutants(CO2, TVOC, Radon, HCHO, CO, NO2, Mold, total airborne bacteria, PM10 and PM2.5) corresponding to the maintenance and recommendation standards of the Enforcement Rules of IAQ. The standards were revised twice on Oct. 18, 2018 and Feb. 13, 2019, and the standards were tightened for PM10 and PM-2.5. The measurements results show that the indoor conditions of the daycare centers met the 2018 criteria of IAQ in most pollutants items. However, for the post-revision criteria, PM10 exceeded the standard of 8% and PM-2.5 exceeded the standard of 9% for day care centers. Therefore, it is necessary to drive additional improvements for such daycare centers in order to meet the criteria of the revised IAQ standards to be enforced in July of 2019.
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Determinants of residential indoor and transportation activity times in Korea
Yang, Wonho,Lee, Kiyoung,Yoon, Chungsik,Yu, Seungdo,Park, Kyunghwa,Choi, Wookhee Nature America, Inc. 2011 Journal of exposure science & environmental epidem Vol.21 No.3
Information on time spent in microenvironments has a critical role for personal exposure to environmental pollutants. Unlike several large-scale studies in Western countries, no comprehensive research on time-activity patterns for exposure assessment has been conducted in Korea. We investigated determinants of residential indoor and transportation times of individuals over 10-years old in the Korean population. The population-based study collected time-activity patterns of 31,634 Koreans for two consecutive days. The residential indoor and transportation times were collected for a weekday and a weekend day. The impact of sociodemographic factors on time-activity was assessed using multiple linear regression models. The residential indoor times were 14.23 h for the weekday and 16.13 h for the weekend and shorter than those in Western countries. The transportation times were 1.75 h for the weekday and 1.68 h for the weekend day. The most significant factors in residential indoor time were employment status, age, monthly income, and gender for the weekday and employment status and gender for the weekend day. The factors in transportation were gender, employment status, and monthly income for the weekday and gender, employment status, age, and marriage status for the weekend day. Determinants of the time-activity pattern need to be taken into account in exposure assessment, epidemiological analyses, and exposure simulations, as well as in the development of preventive strategies. As Korean population activity patterns are substantially different from those in Western countries such as USA, Germany, and UK, this information could be critical for exposure assessment in Korea and other Asian countries.
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송수원(Suwon Song),유정연(JungYeon Yu),조정식(ChungSik Cho),이윤규(YunGyu Lee) 대한설비공학회 2019 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.-
This study analyzed the concentration reduction effects of particulate matters (e.g., PM10 and PM2.5) and indoor air pollutants (e.g., CO2, TVOC, Radon) according to the operation conditions of an air-cleaner and natural ventilation through windows in a small office. As results, the daily average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 decreased into 0.2 μg/m3 from 1.6 μg/㎥ when the air-cleaner was in operation along with all windows closed during holidays. Under the conditions of natural ventilation with the windows opened during weekdays, the concentrations of Radon significantly decreased up to 0.2 pCi/ℓfrom 3.7 pCi/ℓ. However, the daily average concentrations of PM10 increased almost double up to 74.7 μg/㎥ from 30.5 μg/㎥ and PM2.5 increased up to 40.9 μg/㎥ from 21.5 μg/㎥ as well even though the air-cleaner was in operation. Consequently, when it comes to improving indoor air quality, it is important to timely operate ventilation (natural or mechanical) systems as well as air-cleaner(s) depending on the concentrations of measured indoor and outdoor air pollutants.
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양원호(Wonho Yang),이기영(Kiyoung Lee),박경화(Kyung Hwa Park),윤충식(Chungsik Yoon),손부순(Bu Soon Son),전준민(Jun Min Jeon),이현수(Hyunsoo Lee),최욱희(Wook Hee Choi),유승도(Seung Do Yu),한진석(Jin Seok Han) 한국실내환경학회 2009 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.6 No.4
The information about time spent in microenvironments plays a critical role for an exposure assessment of the person concerned, considering the personal exposure relies on the characterization of activity patterns of the population at risk and human activities impact the timing, location, and level of personal pollutant exposure. The purposes of this paper were to present indoor time activity patterns of Korean from a population-based study and to determine individual factors of time spent in microenvironments. The population based study collected time activity pattern of about 32,000 Korean for two consecutive days. The mean times spent at home, other indoors, outdoors, and transportation in related to the whole sample of 19.025 people are 14.23hrs(59.3%), 6.80hrs(28.3%), 1.26hrs(5.2%), and 1.75hrs(7.3%) in weekday, respectively. Database provides information on how the proportion of persons in different locations changes by time of day in weekday. Here, we see that over 90% of respondents were in a residence from about 11 PM to 5 AM, and the largest proportions of respondents in offices, factories, schools and public buildings occur between 8 AM and 5 PM.
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