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High mass loading, binder-free MXene anodes for high areal capacity Li-ion batteries
Kim, Seon Joon,Naguib, Michael,Zhao, Mengqiang,Zhang, Chuanfang,Jung, Hee-Tae,Barsoum, Michel W.,Gogotsi, Yury Elsevier 2015 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.163 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Though anodes with high Li gravimetric capacities, beyond commercial graphite, have been intensively studied, gravimetric capacity does not precisely reflect the performance of a packed cell. Li anodes with high mass loadings, which can achieve high areal capacities, are required for many commercial applications. Herein, anodes with high mass loadings were fabricated using two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXenes). Powders of the latter were cold pressed, without binders, at a pressure of 1GPa, to create ∼300μm thick, free-standing discs. When Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB> was used as the anode for lithium, the initial reversible areal capacity was ∼15mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, which decreased to 5.9mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> after 50 cycles, but the decrease after the first ∼20 cycles was very gradual. The latter is one of the highest values ever reported to date. When Nb<SUB>2</SUB>C was used as the anode instead, the initial reversible capacity was ∼16mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP>; this value decreased to 6.7mAh/cm<SUP>2</SUP> after 50 cycles, which is about a 14% increase compared to Ti<SUB>3</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>. As the research on MXenes for lithium ion batteries has just begun, there is certainly room for further improving their electrochemical performance.</P>