Preface for Green Manufacturing Coping with Climate Change and Pandemics

Christoph Herrmann,Binayak Bhandari,Moon Kyu Kwak 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3

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A Methodology for Customized Prediction of Energy Consumption in Manufacturing Industries

Christopher Schmidt,Wen Li,Sebastian Thiede,Sami Kara,Christoph Herrmann 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.2

Regulative measures and rising energy cost foster the trend towards energy efficient manufacturing. However, companies are facing hurdles such as high effort and little expertise when implementing energy efficiency measures. Moreover, the embodied energy of products cannot be determined accurately in eco-assessments of factories. This paper presents a methodology for the reliable prediction of energy consumption of arbitrary manufacturing processes. It is based on minimal measurements and requires little effort and previous knowledge due to precise guidelines. Consumption models help to allocate energy cost to products, to calculate the product carbon footprint and to derive and validate measures to improve energy efficiency in production. The methodology has been applied in a medium size company with a large number of different products and machines.

Sustainability in Manufacturing and Factories of the Future

Christoph Herrmann,Christopher Schmidt,Denis Kurle,Stefan Blume,Sebastian Thiede 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.1 No.4

An increasing global demand for natural resources and the inherent challenges accompanying this demand pose a great task for manufacturing companies. Apart from this, new technologies and a demographic change of the workforce as well as the desire for new individualized products make manufacturing more challenging than ever. To succeed in this new setting manifold perspectives of a factory have been proposed in order to enhance the understanding of the complex interdependencies between the factory elements. Against this background, this paper starts with a short overview regarding the paradigm change in manufacturing including contemporary trends triggering the requirements for factories of the future. Subsequent to that, a selection of factory perspectives is revised indicating the demand for a new holistic perspective of a factory that is more suitable with respect to the new trends. For that reason a new holistic perspective on the factory of the future is presented.

Synergetic Modelling of Energy and Resource Efficiency as well as Occupational Safety and Health Risks of Plating Process Chains

Alexander Leiden,Sebastian Thiede,Christoph Herrmann 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3

To meet the sustainable development goals of the United Nations, the energy and resource efficiency of industrial processes have to increase, and workplaces have to become decent for the involved workers. Plating process chains are typically associated with high energy and resource demand and the use of hazardous chemicals. For the analysis and improvement of the energy and resource efficiency as well as for modelling the occupational safety and health risks, a variety of separate approaches are available. Combined approaches are not available yet. An agent-based simulation is used as the basis for integrated energy and resource as well as occupational safety and health risk assessment. In particular, an energy and resource fl ow model provides the life cycle inventory data for an environmental assessment. The integration of a mechanistic inhalation exposure model through a surrogate model approach enables a combined synergetic consideration of environmental and occupational safety and health effects. A simulation case study shows the impact of chrome acid changes in chrome electroplating processes as well as the effect of different rinsing cascade settings and rinsing control strategies.

Integration of Energy Oriented Manufacturing Simulation into the Life Cycle Evaluation of Lightweight Body Parts

Antal Dér,Alexander Kaluza,Lars Reimer,Christoph Herrmann,Sebastian Thiede 한국정밀공학회 2022 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.9 No.3

Recent years introduced process and material innovations in the design and manufacturing of lightweight body parts for larger scale manufacturing. However, lightweight materials and new manufacturing technologies often carry a higher environmental burden in earlier life cycle stages. The prospective life cycle evaluation of lightweight body parts remains to this day a challenging task. Yet, a functioning evaluation approach in early design stages is the prerequisite for integrating assessment results in engineering processes and thus allowing for a life cycle oriented decision making. The current paper aims to contribute to the goal of a prospective life cycle evaluation of fiber-reinforced lightweight body parts by improving models that enable to predict energy and material flows in the manufacturing stage. To this end, a modeling and simulation approach has been developed that integrates bottom-up process models into a process chain model. The approach is exemplarily applied on a case study of a door concept. In particular, the energy intensity of compression molding of glass fiber and carbon fiber sheet molding compounds has been analyzed and compared over the life cycle with a steel reference part.

Material Cost Model for Innovative Li-Ion Battery Cells in Electric Vehicle Applications

Ralf Petri,Tobias Giebel,Bin Zhang,Jan-Hinnerk Schünemann,Christoph Herrmann 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.3

Due to global warming and the rise of the CO2 emissions electric mobility is in the focus. In this case costs for li-ion batteries and especially the material costs are the main cost drivers for electric vehicles. The aim of this paper is to develop a material cost model which can evaluate cell chemistry alternatives for li-ion battery anodes and cathodes. A focus is set on innovative cell chemistries which currently are not using in mass production. The presented model is based on bottom-up approach which can calculate costs and cell performance together to determine the ratio of material cost and energy. The general results are complemented with a case study that assesses that active material with a high specific energy can help reducing the material costs and improves cell performance parameters.

Investigation on the effects of nanoparticles on cutting fluid properties and tribological characteristics

Nadine Madanchi,Sabrina Zellmer,Marius Winter,Frederik Flach,Georg Garnweitner,Christoph Herrmann 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.3

The application of cutting fluid is required to enable efficient machining processes. Depending on the process, additives are used to adjust the performance of the cutting fluid. This paper presents the strong influence of nanoparticles and microparticles on the cutting fluid properties as well as the tribological behavior. The effects of the particle size, the concentration and the base fluid were investigated for two different metal oxides, Al2O3 and ZrO2, as well as silica. While most nanoparticles achieved an improved lubricity, the opposite was found for Al2O3.

Assessment of Suspected Malignancy or Infection in Immunocompromised Patients After Solid Organ Transplantation by [18F]FDG PET/CT and [18F]FDG PET/MRI

Guberina Nika,Gäckler Anja,Grueneisen Johannes,Wetter Axel,Witzke Oliver,Herrmann Ken,Rischpler Christoph,Fendler Wolfgang,Umutlu Lale,Sawicki Lino Morris,Forsting Michael,Rohn Hana 대한핵의학회 2020 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.54 No.4

Purpose To study the value of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in assessing immunocompromised patients with suspected malignancy or infection. Methods [18F]FDG-PET/CT and [18F]FDG-PET/MRI examinations of patients who were immunocompromised after receiving lung, heart, pancreas, kidney, liver, or combined kidney-liver transplants were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients underwent whole-body hybrid-imaging because of clinical signs of malignancy and/or infection. Findings were assessed by molecular features ([18F]FDG-uptake) and morphological changes. The final diagnosis, which was arrived at after review of clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic analyses and follow-up imaging studies, served as the reference standard. Results Altogether, (i) 28 contrast-enhanced [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans (CE-PET/CT), (ii) 33 non-contrast [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans (NC-PET/CT), and (iii) 18 [18F]FDG-PET/MRI scans were included. Additionally, 12/62 patients underwent follow-up PET imaging to rule out vital tumor ormetabolic active inflammatory processes. CE-PET/CT exhibited 94.4%sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, 89.5% positive predictive value (PPV), 88.9% negative predictive value (NPV), and 89.3% accuracy with regard to the reference standard. NC-PET/CT exhibited 91.3% sensitivity, 80.0% specificity, 91.3% PPV, 80.0% NPV, and 87.9% accuracy. PET/MRI exhibited 88.6% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity, 99.6% PPV, 81.3% NPV, and 94.4% accuracy. Exact McNemar statistical test (one-sided) showed significant difference between the CT-/MR-component alone and the integrated PET/CT and PET/MRI for diagnosis of malignancy or infection (p value < 0.001). Radiation exposure was 4- to 7-fold higher with PET/CT than with PET/MRI. Conclusion For immunocompromised patients with clinically unresolved symptoms, to rule out vital tumor manifestations or metabolic active inflammation, [18F]FDG-PET/MRI, CE-[18F]FDG-PET/CT, and NC-[18F]FDG-PET/CT exhibit excellent performance in diagnosing malignancy or infection. The main strength of PET/MRI is its considerably lower level of radiation exposure than that associated with PET/CT.

Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Manufacturing System Simulation: Evaluating Dynamic Impacts from Renewable Energy Supply on Product-Specific Environmental Footprints

Jan-Markus Rödger,Jan Beier,Malte Schönemann,Christine Schulze,Sebastian Thiede,Niki Bey,Christoph Herrmann,Michael Z. Hauschil 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.3

The eco-efficiency of actual production processes is still one dominating research area in engineering. However, neglecting the environmental impacts of production equipment, technical building services and energy supply might lead to sub-optimization or burden-shifting and thus reduced effectiveness. As an established method used in sustainability management, Life Cycle Assessment aims at calculating the environmental impacts from all life cycle stages of a product or system. In order to cope with shortcomings of the static character of life cycle models and data gaps this approach combines Life Cycle Assessment with manufacturing system simulation. Therefore, the two life cycles of product and production system are merged to assess environmental sustainability on product level. Manufacturing simulation covers the production system and Life Cycle Assessment is needed to relate the results to the final product. This combined approach highlights the influences from dynamic effects in manufacturing systems on resulting life cycle impact from both product and production system. Furthermore, the importance of considering indirect peripheral equipment and its effects on the manufacturing system operation in terms of output and energy demands is underlined. The environmental flows are converted into impacts for the five recommended environmental impact categories. Thus, it can be demonstrate that Life Cycle Assessment can enhance the process simulation and help identify hot-spots along the life cycle. The combined methodology is applied for analysing a case study in fourteen scenarios for the integration of volatile energy sources into energy flexible manufacturing control.