Influence of Intravenous Contrast Medium on Dose Calculation Using CT in Treatment Planning for Oesophageal Cancer

Li, Hong-Sheng,Chen, Jin-Hu,Zhang, Wei,Shang, Dong-Ping,Li, Bao-Sheng,Sun, Tao,Lin, Xiu-Tong,Yin, Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Objective: To evaluate the effect of intravenous contrast on dose calculation in radiation treatment planning for oesophageal cancer. Methods: A total of 22 intravein-contrasted patients with oesophageal cancer were included. The Hounsfield unit (HU) value of the enhanced blood stream in thoracic great vessels and heart was overridden with 45 HU to simulate the non-contrast CT image, and 145 HU, 245 HU, 345 HU, and 445 HU to model the different contrast-enhanced scenarios. 1000 HU and -1000 HU were used to evaluate two non-physiologic extreme scenarios. Variation in dose distribution of the different scenarios was calculated to quantify the effect of contrast enhancement. Results: In the contrast-enhanced scenarios, the mean variation in dose for planning target volume (PTV) was less than 1.0%, and those for the total lung and spinal cord were less than 0.5%. When the HU value of the blood stream exceeded 245 the average variation exceeded 1.0% for the heart V40. In the non-physiologic extreme scenarios, the dose variation of PTV was less than 1.0%, while the dose calculations of the organs at risk were greater than 2.0%. Conclusions: The use of contrast agent does not significantly influence dose calculation of PTV, lung and spinal cord. However, it does have influence on dose accuracy for heart.

Fuel Economy Analysis of a Series Hybrid Electric Bus with Low-Speed Shutdown Control Strategy

Xiaogang Wu,Han Chen,Jiuyu Du,Chen Hu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.10

The series hybrid electric bus that is demonstrated operating in China has the problem of non-ideal fuel economy for the conventional auxiliary equipment can’t shut down the engine. Based on the series hybrid electric bus using electric auxiliary equipment, a control strategy is proposed based on the combination of engine low-speed shutdown and load following. The main control variables are battery SOC and vehicle speed, and the engine low-speed shutdown is realized. Three different driving cycles are employed: Chinese city driving cycle, Zhuzhou city of Hunan province driving cycle, and Hefei city of Anhui province driving cycle. By using the analysis method of the energy flow diagram, the fuel economy in different driving cycles is compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the control strategy of the engine low-speed shutdown affects little on fuel economy in different driving cycles. All the fuel-saving ratios of the series hybrid system in different driving cycles can reach above 25%.

All Carbon Dual Ion Batteries

Hu, Zhe,Liu, Qiannan,Zhang, Kai,Zhou, Limin,Li, Lin,Chen, Mingzhe,Tao, Zhanliang,Kang, Yong-Mook,Mai, Liqiang,Chou, Shu-Lei,Chen, Jun,Dou, Shi-Xue American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.42

<P>Dual ion batteries based on Na<SUP>+</SUP> and PF<SUB>6</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> received considerable attention due to their high operating voltage and the abundant Na resources. Here, cheap and easily obtained graphite that served as a cathode material for dual ion battery delivered a very high average discharge platform (4.52 V vs Na<SUP>+</SUP>/Na) by using sodium hexafluorophosphate in propylene carbonate as electrolyte. Moreover, the all-carbon dual ion batteries with graphite as cathode and hard carbon as anode exhibited an ultrahigh discharge voltage of 4.3 V, and a reversible capacity of 62 mAh·g<SUP>-1</SUP> at 40 mA·g<SUP>-1</SUP>. Phase changes have been investigated in detail through in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ Raman characterizations. The stable structure provides long life cycling performance, and the pseudocapacitance behavior also demonstrates its benefits to the rate capability. Thus, dual ion batteries based on sodium chemistry are very promising to find their applications in future.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Effectiveness of alendronate as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in the treatment of periodontitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Chen, Jin,Chen, Qian,Hu, Bo,Wang, Yunji,Song, Jinlin Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.6

Purpose: Alendronate has been proposed as a local and systemic drug treatment used as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) for the treatment of periodontitis. However, its effectiveness has yet to be conclusively established. The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of SRP with alendronate on periodontitis compared to SRP alone. Methods: Five electronic databases were used by 2 independent reviewers to identify relevant articles from the earliest records up to September 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SRP with alendronate to SRP with placebo in the treatment of periodontitis were included. The outcome measures were changes in bone defect fill, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) from baseline to 6 months. A fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to pool the extracted data, as appropriate. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochrane ${\chi}^2$ and $I^2$ tests. Results: After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with SRP alone, the adjunctive mean benefits of locally delivered alendronate were 38.25% for bone defect fill increase (95% CI=33.05%-43.45%; P<0.001; $I^2=94.0%$), 2.29 mm for PD reduction (95% CI=2.07-2.52 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=0.0%$) and 1.92 mm for CAL gain (95% CI=1.55-2.30 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=66.0%$). In addition, systemically administered alendronate with SRP significantly reduced PD by 0.36 mm (95% CI=0.18-0.55 mm; P<0.001; $I^2=0.0%$) and increased CAL by 0.39 mm (95% CI=0.11-0.68 mm; P=0.006; $I^2=6.0%$). Conclusions: The collective evidence regarding the adjunctive use of alendronate locally and systemically with SRP indicates that the combined treatment can improve the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy on increasing CAL and bone defect fill and reducing PD. However, precautions must be exercised in interpreting these results, and multicenter studies evaluating this specific application should be carried out.

Graphite-based selectorless RRAM: improvable intrinsic nonlinearity for array applications

Chen, Ying-Chen,Hu, Szu-Tung,Lin, Chih-Yang,Fowler, Burt,Huang, Hui-Chun,Lin, Chao-Cheng,Kim, Sungjun,Chang, Yao-Feng,Lee, Jack C. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.33

<P>Selectorless graphite-based resistive random-access memory (RRAM) has been demonstrated by utilizing the intrinsic nonlinear resistive switching (RS) characteristics, without an additional selector or transistor for low-power RRAM array application. The low effective dielectric constant value (<I>k</I>) layer of graphite or graphite oxide is utilized, which is beneficial in suppressing sneak-path currents in the crossbar RRAM array. The tail-bits with low nonlinearity can be manipulated by the positive voltage pulse, which in turn can alleviate variability and reliability issues. Our results provide additional insights for built-in nonlinearity in 1<I>R</I>-only selectorless RRAMs, which are applicable to the low-power memory array, ultrahigh density storage, and in-memory neuromorphic computational configurations.</P>

Horizontal and vertical crossover of sine cosine algorithm with quick moves for optimization and feature selection

Hu Hanyu,Shan Weifeng,Tang Yixiang,Heidari Ali Asghar,Chen Huiling,Liu Haijun,Wang Maofa,Escorcia-Gutierrez José,Mansour Romany F,Chen Jun 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.6

The sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is a metaheuristic algorithm proposed in recent years that does not resort to nature-related metaphors but explores and exploits the search space with the help of two simple mathematical functions of sine and cosine. SCA has fewer parameters and a simple structure and is widely used in various fields. However, it tends to fall into local optimality because it does not have a well-balanced exploitation and exploration phase. Therefore, in this paper, a new, improved SCA algorithm (QCSCA) is proposed to improve the performance of the algorithm by introducing a quick move mechanism and a crisscross mechanism to SCA and adaptively improving one of the parameters. To verify the effectiveness of QCSCA, comparison experiments with some conventional metaheuristic algorithms, advanced metaheuristic algorithms, and SCA variants are conducted on IEEE CEC2017 and CEC2013. The experimental results show a significant improvement in the convergence speed and the ability to jump out of the local optimum of the QCSCA. The scalability of the algorithm is verified in the benchmark function. In addition, QCSCA is applied to 14 real-world datasets from the UCI machine learning database for selecting a subset of near-optimal features, and the experimental results show that QCSCA is still very competitive in feature selection (FS) compared to similar algorithms. Our experimental results and analysis show that QCSCA is an effective method for solving global optimization problems and FS problems.

Smad4 mediates malignant behaviors of human ovarian carcinoma cell through the effect on expressions of E-cadherin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and VEGF

( Chen Chen ),( Ming Zhong Sun ),( Shu Qing Liu ),( Dong Mei Yeh ),( Li Jun Yu ),( Yang Song ),( Lin Lin Gong ),( Li Hong Hao ),( Jun Hu ),( Shu Juan Shao ) 생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 2010 BMB Reports Vol.43 No.8

Smad4 is involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Using a pair of human syngeneic epithelial ovarian cancer cells with low (HO-8910) and high (HO-8910PM) metastatic abilities, we aimed to reveal the role of Smad4 in ovarian cancer metastasis in vitro. Smad4 was down-regulated in HO-8910PM cell line relative to HO-8910 by implicating Smad4 was probably a potential tumor suppressor gene for ovarian cancer. Re-expression of Smad4 decreased the migration ability and inhibited the invasion capacity of HO-8910PM, while promoted the cell adhesion capacity for HO-8910PM. The stable expression of Smad4 increased the expression of E-cadherin, reduced the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and slightly down-regulated the expression of VEGF. Smad4 suppresses human ovarian cancer cell metastasis potential through its effect on the expressions of PAI-1, E-cadherin and VEGF. Results from current work implicate Smad4 might suppress the invasion and metastasis of human ovarian tumor cells through a TGF-β/Smad-mediated pathway. [BMB reports 2010; 43(8): 554-560]

Detection of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> infection in the Republic of Korea by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

Chen, Jun-Hu,Lu, Feng,Lim, Chae Seung,Kim, Jung-Yeon,Ahn, Heui-June,Suh, In-Bum,Takeo, Satoru,Tsuboi, Takafumi,Sattabongkot, Jetsumon,Han, Eun-Taek Elsevier 2010 Acta tropica Vol.113 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel technique that rapidly amplifies target DNA in isothermal conditions. In a previous study, the sensitivities and specificities of LAMP, microscopy, and nested PCR were compared in the context of rapid malaria detection. In the present study, LAMP detected vivax malaria parasites in 115 of 117 microscopically positive samples (sensitivity, 98.3%; 95% CI, 97.4–100%), which agreed well with the nested PCR results (sensitivity, 99.1%; 95% CI: 96.0–100%). No positive cases of malaria were detected by LAMP or nested PCR in 50 consecutive feverish patients other than malaria from malaria endemic areas. LAMP performed on DNA extracted from heat-treated blood had a sensitivity of 93.3% (28/30, 95% CI: 84.4–100%) and specificity of 100% (30/30, 95% CI: 100%). The present study shows that LAMP based assays have high sensitivity, specificity, and amplification efficiencies for <I>Plasmodium vivax</I> detection. The authors recommend that LAMP can be considered as a rapid nucleic acid amplification assay for the molecular diagnosis of <I>P. vivax</I> in both clinical laboratories and malaria clinics in areas where vivax malaria is endemic.</P>

Advanced Small-Signal Model of Multi-Terminal Modular Multilevel Converters for Power Systems Based on Dynamic Phasors

Hu, Pan,Chen, Hongkun,Chen, Lei,Zhu, Xiaohang,Wang, Xuechun The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.2

Modular multilevel converter (MMC)-based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) presents attractive technical advantages and contributes to enhanced system operation and reduced oscillation damping in dynamic MMC-HVDC systems. We propose an advanced small-signal multi-terminal MMC-HVDC based on dynamic phasors and state space for power system stability analysis to enhance computational accuracy and reduce simulation time. In accordance with active and passive network control strategies for multi-terminal MMC-HVDC, the matchable small-signal stability models containing high harmonics and dynamics of internal variables are conducted, and a related theoretical derivation is carried out. The proposed advanced small-signal model is then compared with electromagnetic-transient and traditional small-signal state-space models by adopting a typical multi-terminal MMC-HVDC network with offshore wind generation. Simulation indicates that the advanced small-signal model can successfully follow the electromechanical transient response with small errors and can predict the damped oscillations. The validity and applicability of the proposed model are effectively confirmed.

Enhanced Performance of Solution‐Processed TESPE‐ADT Thin‐Film Transistors

Chen, Liang‐,Hsiang,Hu, Tarng‐,Shiang,Huang, Peng‐,Yi,Kim, Choongik,Yang, Ching‐,Hao,Wang, Juin‐,Jie,Yan, Jing‐,Yi,Ho, Jia‐,Chong,Lee, Cheng‐,Chung,Chen WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Chemphyschem Vol.14 No.12

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A solution‐processed anthradithiophene derivative, 5,11‐bis(4‐triethylsilylphenylethynyl)anthradithiophene (TESPE‐ADT), is studied for use as the semiconducting material in thin‐film transistors (TFTs). To enhance the electrical performance of the devices, two different kinds of solution processing (spin‐coating and drop‐casting) on various gate dielectrics as well as additional post‐treatment are employed on thin films of TESPE‐ADT, and <I>p</I>‐channel OTFT transport with hole mobilities as high as ∼0.12 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> are achieved. The film morphologies and formed microstructures of the semiconductor films are characterized in terms of film processing conditions and are correlated with variations in device performance.</P>