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Kim, Eunhye,Ahn, Hyungju,Park, Sungmin,Lee, Hoyeon,Lee, Moongyu,Lee, Sumi,Kim, Taewoo,Kwak, Eun-Ae,Lee, Jun Han,Lei, Xie,Huh, June,Bang, Joona,Lee, Byeongdu,Ryu, Du Yeol American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.3
<P>The directed assembly of block copolymer nanostructures with large periods exceeding 100 nm remains challenging because the translational ordering of long-chained block copolymer is hindered by its very low chain mobility. Using a solvent-vapor annealing process with a neutral solvent, which was sequentially combined with a thermal annealing process, we demonstrate the rapid evolution of a perpendicularly oriented lamellar morphology in high molecular weight block copolymer films on neutral substrate. The synergy with the topographically patterned substrate facilitated unidirectionally structural development of ultrahigh molecular weight block copolymer thin filmseven for the structures with a large period of 200 nmleading to perfectly guided, parallel, and highly ordered line-arrays of perpendicularly oriented lamellae in the trenched confinement. This breakthrough strategy, which is applicable to nanolithographic pattern transfer to target substrates, can be a simple and efficient route to satisfy the demand for block copolymer assemblies with larger feature sizes on hundreds of nanometers scale.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-3/nn3051264/production/images/medium/nn-2012-051264_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn3051264'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Detection of an intermediate during the unfolding process of the dimeric ketosteroid isomerase
Jang, Do Soo,Lee, Hyeong Ju,Lee, Byeongdu,Hong, Bee Hak,Cha, Hyung Jin,Yoon, Jinhwan,Lim, Kwanseop,Yoon, Ye Jeong,Kim, Jehan,Ree, Moonhor,Lee, Hee Cheon,Choi, Kwan Yong Elsevier 2006 FEBS letters Vol.580 No.17
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Failure to detect the intermediate in spite of its existence often leads to the conclusion that two-state transition in the unfolding process of the protein can be justified. In contrast to the previous equilibrium unfolding experiment fitted to a two-state model by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopies, an equilibrium unfolding intermediate of a dimeric ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) could be detected by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and analytical ultracentrifugation. The sizes of KSI were determined to be 18.7Å in 0M urea, 17.3Å in 5.2M urea, and 25.1Å in 7M urea by SAXS. The size of KSI in 5.2M urea was significantly decreased compared with those in 0M and 7M urea, suggesting the existence of a compact intermediate. Sedimentation velocity as obtained by ultracentrifugation confirmed that KSI in 5.2M urea is distinctly different from native and fully-unfolded forms. The sizes measured by pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were consistent with those obtained by SAXS. Discrepancy of equilibrium unfolding studies between size measurement methods and optical spectroscopies might be due to the failure in detecting the intermediate by optical spectroscopic methods. Further characterization of the intermediate using <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy and Kratky plot supported the existence of a partially-folded form of KSI which is distinct from those of native and fully-unfolded KSIs. Taken together, our results suggest that the formation of a compact intermediate should precede the association of monomers prior to the dimerization process during the folding of KSI.</P>
Jung, Haesung,Lee, Byeongdu,Lengyel, Miklos,Axelbaum, Richard,Yoo, Jeeyoung,Kim, Youn Sang,Jun, Young-Shin The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Journal of materials chemistry. A, Materials for e Vol.6 No.11
<P>Li metal batteries can store at least ten times more energy than currently existing Li-ion batteries. However, during routine charging and discharging, Li dendrites grow on the Li metal electrode, which can lead to capacity loss by the consumption of Li salt at the surface of the Li dendrites, and be a safety hazard resulting from the potential for short-circuits. Although past efforts have provided useful information about the morphology and surface area of Li dendrite formation at the microscale, a nanoscale understanding of nucleation and growth of Li nanoparticle electrodeposition is still elusive. In this study, using a new electrochemical cell for transmission mode grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering, we obtained, for the first time, the primary nucleus size of Li nanoparticles, their size evolution and their fractal structures at various current densities and in real-time. The measured average radius of gyration, <I>R</I>g, at current densities of 0.1, 0.5, and 2.0 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> is 5.4 ± 0.4, 4.5 ± 0.3, and 3.5 ± 0.3 nm, respectively. This variation in size with current density is noteworthy when recognizing that the surface area-to-volume ratio of the Li nanoparticles is 3.7 times higher at 2.0 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> than at 0.1 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. We also compared a hierarchical fractal structure of Li particles from the nanometer to micrometer scale. Our findings illuminate the role of overpotential in the reactive surface area of Li dendrites at the nanoscale, and provide a novel research platform for suppressing Li dendrite formation in Li metal battery systems.</P>
Synchrotron Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering and its Applications in Polymer Nanotechnology
Moonhor Ree,Byeongdu Lee,Jinhwan Yoon,Kyuyoung Heo,Kyeong Sik Jin,Sangwoo Jin,Hyunchul Kim,Ghahee Kim,Seung Chul Choi,Weontae Oh,Young-Hee Park,Yongtaek Hwang,Jong-Seong Kim,Jehan Kim,Kwang-Woo Kim,Ta 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10
홍성준(Sungjun Hong),민병두(Byeongdu Min),명광희(Kwanghee Myung),이수원(Soowon Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper focuses on the introduction of the diesel direct injection engine with 1600bar common rail, XDi 270, this engine was developed to achieve the power of 170PS. Our company has been producing the 5 cylinder indirect injection diesel engine under the technical tie-up with Mercedes Benz since 1993 and after that the high reliability for durability that is the engine development philosophy of Mercedes Benz still maintains the good reputation from customers, this engine development philosophy was also succeeded to XDi 270 engine. Especially the new technologies were considered to achieve the higher performance, the lower fuel consumption, the higher reliability and the better NVH characteristic that is demanded continuously by customers and to meet the emission regulations that is still more severe for the prevention of air pollution. The common rail XDi 270 that is equipped with New Rexton solved the customer' complaints for the dynamic response at a time and realized the "Fun to drive". The more the time passes on, the more the value of XDi 270 will be higher by customers.