肉用種鷄의 育種開發을 위한 交雜試驗 : I. Selection of Superior Stock in Female Line Ⅰ.母系統 優良 交配 組合 選拔試驗

吳鳳國,呂政秀 서울大學校 農科大學 1977 서울대농학연구지 Vol.2 No.1

A Study on crossbreeding of Broiler Production in Poultry This study was carried out to improve broiler production and to estimate a genetic value and to select superior broiler breeder stock by means of crossbreeding under domestic feeding and management conditions. 1. Selection of superior stock in females. The data used in this study were the rocords of two selected superior breeder stocks, one strain of domestic superior broiler parent stock and added one strain of imported parent stock. A total of 1,020 chicks of parent stock were used in this experiment. The results obtained in this study are summarzed as follows; (1) The average viability of brooding period was 95.20% and the highest viability was A strain (98.85%), and lowest viability was D strain. There was significant difference between A and D strains. The death of the chicks was due mainly to paralysis and catarrh of crop. (2) The average viability of growing period was no singificant difference between experimental strains. (3) With respect to the laying hen viability, the average viability was 92.71%and the highest viabllity was 96.55% in C strain, and the lowest viability were 91% in A and D strains. The death of the laying hens was due mainly to Lymphoid Leukosis Complex in D strain, (4) The average body weight at 6 weeks of age was 953g and the highest body weight was 986g in D strain, and the lowest body weight was C strain (936g). The D strain was superior to the other strains in the body weight at 6 weeks of age and there was significant difference between D and others strains. (5) The average feed conversion at 6 weeks of age was 2.11kg and the highest feed effeciency was A strain (2.06kg). The A strain was improved feed efficiency about 0.1kg compared with D strains. (6) The growth rate of growing period was normally developed comparing with breeder pullet mean body weight and feed recommendations. There was no significant difference between experimental strains. (7) The average body weight at 24weeks of age was 2,775g and this body weight was slightly overweighed compared with recommended feeding standard, however there was no signifiicant difference between strains. (8) The average adult body weight at 58 weeks of age was 3,356g and highest body weight was 3,416g in D strain, and the lowest body weight was 3,296g in A strain. The adult body weight of laying period was normally maintained compared with breeder pullet feeding recommend-ations. (9) The average date of sexual maturity was 179days and the earlist sexual maturity was 176days in D strain and the latest sexual maturity was 183 days in C strain. (10) The average hen-day egg production from 24 to 58 weeks of age was 62% and the high-est egg production strain was A strain (66%), and the lowest egg production was D strain (60%). The A strain was about 6% higher than the imported parent stock (D strain). The hen-housed average egg production was 145 eggs and the A strain had about 11 egg higher egg production than the D strain. In statistical analysis for egg production, there was significant difference between A strain and the other strains. (11) In egg weight, the average egg weight was 61g and the highest egg weight was D strain-(62.7g) and the lowest egg weight strain was A strain (60g). It seems to be important to improve egg weight in domestic strains. (12) The average conversion of feed into egg production was 219.8g and the lowest feed requirement strain was A strain(206.6g), and the highest feed requirement strain was C strain(227.3g). It seems to be important in economic point and A strain was superior to the imported parent stock (D strain). (13) In economic analysis of broiler breeder stock, the average net income per layer was 2,661 won and the highest net income was A strain (2,919won) and the lowest net income was imported parent stock (2,402won). With respect to the cost of per egg production, the average egg production cost was 29 won and the lowest production cost was A strain(27.52won). Egg production cost of D strain which was imported broiler breeder stick was 30.29won and the D strain needed more cost 2.77won to produce per egg compared with the A strain. (14) Average fertility of selected superior stock in female lihe was 98.3% and the lowest fertility was B strain (97.9%). The average of hatchability was 93.8% and the highest hatchability was (B ×Y) crossbreds (96.3%) and the lowest hatchability was(B ×X) crossbred(93.6%) and imported parent stock (90.2%).

닭(gallus domesticus)의 經濟形質 改良을 위한 染色體 分染分析과 標識因子의 究明에 관한 硏究 Ⅰ. 品種間의 比較

Bong Kug Ohh(吳鳳國),Jung Sou Yeo(呂政秀),Bong Bo Seo(徐奉甫) 한국육종학회 1985 한국육종학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This experiment was carried out to identify the differences of genetic materials as genetic marker for the three chick breed. The characteristics of chick chromosome were as follows. The 10 pairs chromosomes generally identified by morphology vary in size from about 7 ㎛ to small dot. It was identified that chromosome #1 and 2 were grouped as sub-metacentric, #3 was telocentric, #4 was as acrocentric and #5 was as metacentric and sex chromosome Z. Residual as intermediate chromosomes is found as acrocentric for #6, #7, #8, #10 and sub-metacentric for #9. Metacentric sex chromosome W was similiar size of the #9. The identification of the egg type, meat type, and dual purpose type chicken was also as follows. Egg type chick was featured by the less band at distal part of #1-p and #4-q than others. Dark band adjacent to centromere of meat type chick was found as the specific marker and in dual purpose chick was more bands at #1-p, #2-p, and central part of #3 than the other breeds.

國産鷄 改良을 위한 合成種 育種에 關한 硏究

BONG KUG OHH(吳鳳國) 한국육종학회 1979 한국육종학회지 Vol.11 No.2

This experiment was based on single cross data during 64 weeks from diallel crossing system to identify superior cross combinations in Seoul National University, College of Agriculture, Poultry Breeding Farm. Total 1599 birds of 10 single strain crosses were obtained from 4 inbred lines of white Leghorn, A(domestic), S(domestic), C(imported), and K(imported). CK crossbred, crossproduct of C and K purebreds which were selected for resistent to Limphoid Leuicosis in U.S.A., showed the most losses due to Leukosis. Therefore this study seems to be concluded that the lowest viability results from interaction between genes for Leukosis and Korean environment. In estimate of combining abiliy, egg productivities of A and K strains were identified as superior for general combining ability, while combining ability of S strain which showed the best performance among 4 purebreds is very low and in this result it was evident that performance of crossbred was not dependent upon that of it’s parent but combining ability between parents. Since combining ability variance for egg weight of all strains is very low compared with error variance, improvement of this character in use of cross combinations of these experimental strains will not be expected. In breeding for body weight, considering heavier layer requires more feed for body maintenance, A and K strains calculated lower combining ability variance were desirable. Following the above results, using the A and K strains among 4 experimental strains in this study were agreed to be able to improve the laying productivity through their cross combination for their superior combining ability.

Study on the Genetic Correlations of Body Weights and the Growth Rates from 2- to 8-weeks of Age in Broiler Chicken

Ohh, Bong-Kug,Yang, Young-Whoun,Sohn, Sea-Hwan,Lee, Moun-Yeoun The Korean Society of Poultry Science 1985 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 서울대학교 농과대학 실험목장에서 사육되었던. Broiler 종계 3계통에 대하여 이면교잡을 실시하고 여기에서 작출된 9개 교배조합의 자료를 이용하였다. 총 32수의 부가계와 209수의 모가계에서 생산된 1,109수의 암ㆍ수탉을 공시하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 교배조합, 집구, 성별에 대한 분산분석은 모두 고도의 유의성 (P〈0.01)이 인정되었다. 2. 부모 결합분산성분에 의한 유전력은 2, 4, 6 및 8주령 체중에서 각각 0.32, 0.31, 0.35 및 0.29로 추정되었다. 3. 2, 4, 6 및 8주령의 체중에 대한 상관분석에서 2주령과 8주령에서는 0.72의 유전상관과 0.35의 낮은 표현형-상관을 보였으며, 4주령과 8주령에서는 0.91 및 0.61의 유전상관과 표현형상관을 보였다. 또한 6주령과 8주영에서 0.94의 높은 유전상관 및 0.78의 표현형상관이 추정된 결과 broiler종계 교잡시험에 있어서 4주령 및 6주령 체중을 이용하여 8주영 체중에 대한 조기판정의 가능성을 보였다. 4. 2주령부터 8주령까지 broiler 성장을 다항회귀에 적합시킨 결과 전체평균에 의한 것이 W=-141.13+30.575 D+G.161D$^2$ (단 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 암컷은 W=-228.42+29.886D+0.126 D$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56), 수컷은 W=-257.14+3l.474 D+0.202ㅇ$^2$(단, 14$\leq$D$\leq$56)으로 추정되었다 (W: body weight, D: days of age). 이들 모두 $R^2$가 0.99이상 고도의 적합도를 보였으며, 2적령시 8.36g의 암수 체중차리에서 적령이 경통함에 따라 68.08g(4주령), 169.99g(6주령), 293.19g(8주령)의 성에 의한 차이가 크게 나타났다. 따라서 암수 혼합사육시에는 성에 대한 효과가 적은 계통의 조합으로 선발이 고려되어야 하며, 또한 출하시 체중에 따라 분리사육하는 것이 바람직하다. This study was carried out to estimate genetic correlations among broiler body weights for the selection of broiler breeders at early age, and to investigate the difference of growth rates between male and female in mixed-sex population of broiler from 2wks to 8 wks of age. A total of 1109 records were used in this study. the heritability estimates from combined variance components for 2-,4-, 6- and 8- weeks body weights were 0.32, 0.31, 0.35 and 0.29 respectively. Genetic correlations were 0.91 between 4wks and 8wks body weights, 0.94 between 6wks and 8wks body weights. Records obtained on 4wks and 8wks might be useful in a selection program to improve traits in 8wks broiler weight. Growth rates of male and female from nonlinear equations from 2wks to 8wks were shown differently in both linear and quadratic terms, Even though both sexes showed closely equal body weights at 2wks of age, they manifested great difference about 300g at 8wks of age. At all. ages roles were havier, grew at a faster than female. From this result it might be profitable either to select the combination of lines which has little sex effect or to rear male and female broiler separately up to the marketing body weights.

계육생산을 위한 부로이라종계의 육종개발에 관한 연구 ( 제1보 )

오봉국 ( Bong Kug Ohh ) 한국축산학회 1975 한국축산학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study was carried out to improve broiler production and to estimate a genetic value, and to select superior broiler breeder stocks by means of crossbreeding under domestic feeding and management conditions. The data used in the study were the records of 18 single crosses produced by diallel cross of 4 strains of White Plymouth Rock and one strain of White Cornish, and added one strain of imported Pilch parent stock. A total of 1,283 chicks of crossbreds and purebreds were used in this experiment. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: (1) Average viability of brooding and growing periods were 98.21 percent and 99.13 percent respectively and there was no significant difference between purebreds and crossbreds. In statistical analysis of combining ability, the C strain used as sire line and B strain used as dam line had about 2∼3 percent higher mortality than the other strains. The death of the chicks were due mainly to paralysis, and catarrh of crop. (2) With respect to the laying hen viability the crossbreds were superior to the pure breds. The crossbred had about 2.5 percent lower mortality than the pure strains. The death of the laying hens were due mainly to Lymphoid leukosis complex. (3) Average body weight at 8 weeks of age was 1, 399 and the highest body weight at 8 weeks of age was S strain (1,555g) and N strain (1,519g). The gain of body weight to 8 weeks of age appeared to be the most consistent of hybrid vigor. The crossbred averaged about 63g heavier than the purebreds. In statistical analysis for combining ability in the gain of body weight, general combining ability and maternal effect were significant. Consequently it seems to be important to select dam line. (4) In growth rate for grow ing period, crossbreds were normally developed compared with breeder pullet in body weight and feed recommendations. Average body weight at 12 weeks of age, 16 weeks of age and 20 weeks of age were 1,563g, 1,798g, and 2,048g, respectively. (5) The average feed conversion at 8 weeks of age was 2.49 and the highest feed efficiency was 2.42 (N crossbred) and the lowest feed efficiency was 2.55 (B crossbred). There was no significant difference in feed conversion between purestrain and crossbreds.

계육생산을 위한 부로이라 종계의 육종개발에 관한 연구 ( 제3보 )

오봉국 ( Bong Kug Ohh ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

The data used in the studies were the records of 45 crosses produced by 3 way cross of 6 strain of fatherline and 7 strain. of mother line, and added 3 strains of imported commercial broiler stock. A total 3,375 chicks of crossbreds were used in this experiment. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: (1) Average chick viability was 95.66% and the highest viability was(W×T) strain(98.73%), and the lowest viability was Ym strain(93.33%). There was no significant difference in viability between superior crossbreds and imported broiler stocks. (2) Average body weight at 8 weeks of age was 1,700g and the highest body weight in male lines was Wm strain(1,785g) and the lowest body weight was Xm(1,616g) strain. There was no significant difference between female line and between selected crossbreds and imported broiler stocks on 8 weeks body weight. In statistical analysis in male lines there was significant difference between sire lines. consequently it seems to be important to select sire line. (3) With respect to feed conversion at 8 weeks of age the average feed requirement was 2.26㎏ and the highest feed conversion strain was WY strain(2.17㎏), and the lowest was Xm strain(2.35㎏) in sire lines. In statistical analysis of feed requirement, there was significant difference between sire lines. It seems to be important to select sire line. (4) In point spread at 8 weeks of body weight and feed conversion, the average of point spread was 147.67% and the highest point spread was 177% in imported broiler stocks (5) In carcase percentage was WX strain(86.58%) in sire line, and H strain(86.0%) in dam line. The average of carcase percentage was 85.64% in imported broiler stock. In the conclusion, the average performance of selected dam lines O and T strains were superior to the imported parents stock in the over all results of this experiment. A comparison of relative performance between selected superior female breeders and Arkansas meat performance egg phase test, there were no significant difference in terms of average performance in livability, egg weight, conversion of feed into eggs, sexual maturity and adult body weight. The broiler test represents the performance of the progeny from the matings between selected superior female lines and certain selected male lines. The average performance of selected certain broiler lines were about the same performance as the imported broiler strains and there was no significant differences between average performance selected domestic broiler lines and Arkansas meat performance test.

계육생산을 위한 부로이라종계의 육종개발에 관한 연구 ( 제2보 )

오봉국 ( Bong Kug Ohh ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.6

This study was carried out to improve broiler production arid to estimate a genetic value, and to select superior broiler breeder stocks by means of crossbreeding under domestic feeding and management conditions. Selection of superior stock in female lines: The data used in the study were the records of 18 single crosses produced by dialled cross of 4 strains of White Plymouth Rock and one strain of White Cornish, and added one strain of imported commercial parent stock. A total 1,283 chicks of crossbreds and purebreds mere used in this experiment. The results obtained in the study are summarized as follows; (1) The average date of sexual maturity was 193 days and the earliest sexual maturity was 185 days (O strain) and the latest sexual maturity was 206 days (S stain). The crossbreds had 8 days earlier sexual maturity than purebreds. (2) The average body weight at 24 weeks of age was 2,498g and the highest body weight was S strain (2,712g), and the lowest body weight was A strain (2,238g). There was no significant difference between crossbreds and purebreds, and between average body weight and recommanded body weight at 24 weeks of age. (3) The average adult body weight at 60 weeks of age was 3,625g and the highest body weight was 3,885g in S strain, and the low est body weight was 3,496g in A strain. In adult body weight for laying period was normally maintained body weight compared with breeder pullet feeding recommandations. (4) With respect to the laying hen viability the crossbreds were superior to the purebreds. The crossbred had about 5.1 percent lower mortality than the purebred. The death of the laying hens were due mainly to Lymphoid leukosis Complex. (5) The average hen-day egg production from 24 to 64 weeks of age was 51.60 percent and the highest egg production strain was T crossbred (65.04%), and the lowest egg production was B purebred (39.15%). The hen-day egg production appeared to be the most consistent of hybrid vigor. The crossbred averaged about 8.5% higher than the purebreds. The hen-housed average egg production was 144 eggs and the crossbreds were superior to the purebreds. The crossbred had about 20% higher egg production than the purebreds. In statistical analysis for combining ability in egg production, general and specific combining ability were significant. Consequently it seems to be important to be select dam and sire lines. The highest hen-housed egg production was 184 eggs in T crossbred. (6) In egg weight, the average egg weight was 61.96g grams and the highest egg weight strain was F crossbred (63.98grams), and the lowest egg weight strain was T crossbred (59.72grams). The crossbreds were superior to the purebreds in egg weight. (7) The average conversion of feed into egg production was 4.56㎏ and the lowest feed requirement strain (5.91㎏). Feed requirement of S strain which was imported broiler P.S. was 4.86㎏ of feed to produce per kilograms of eggs. With respect to the feed efficiency the crossbreds were superior to the purebreds. The crossbred had about 18 percent lower feed requirement than the purebreds. (8) In economic analysis of broiler breeder stock, the average of net income of per laying hen was 1,318won and the highest net income was T crossbred (2,552 won), and the lowest net income was B strain (-164 won), The average net income of S strain was 966 won. With respect to the cost of per egg production, the averages of per egg production cost was 33won and the lowest production cost was T crossbred (25.54 won). Egg production cost of S strain which was imported broiler breeder stocks was 35.44won and the S strain needed more cost to produce per egg was 9.79 won compared with the T strain. In the conclusion, the average performance of selected dam lines O and T strains was superior than the imported parents stock in the over all results of this experiment. A comparison of relative performance between selected superior female breeders and Arkansas meat performance e

近交系統 닭의 兩面交雜種間의 영계生産 能力試驗

吳鳳國 서울대학교 1961 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

Three breeds inbred line(White Leghorn, New Hampshire, White Plymouth Rock) were mated in all combinations and added one strain of crossbred in this studies. A total of 1,095 eggs were collected from each mating pens and the 845 chicks were obtained in 2 hatches from each crosses. (1) Fertility did not seem to be constantly improved by Crossbreeding. In the C strain (62%) and CxA (59%) strain had lower fertility than the other strains. In strain A, B, CxB, D, and B x A strain (95%, 94%, 95%, 93%, 94%, respectively) had higher fertility than the other strains. (2) With respect to hatchability the incrossbreds were superior to the inbred strains. Based on the average for hatched data, the incrossbred had a 10 to 15 percent better hatch of fertile eggs set than the inbred strain. (3) In chick mortality to eight weeks of age, the incrossbreds were lower than the inbred strains by heterosis. The incrossbreds averaged 10 to 12 percent lower mortality than the inbred strains. (4) Growth to eight weeks of age appeared to be the most consistent expression of hybrid vigor. The incrossbred averaged 10 to 15 percent heavier than the inbred chicks at this age. A significant interaction between mating and sexes was observed. The incrossbred females were superior to the incrossbred males. (5) Incrossbreds utilize feed more efficiently on the average than inbred strains. The incrossbreds required about 5 percent less feed to produce a 100 grams of body gain. (6) With respect to general combining ability the inbred line New Hamshire was superior to the other inbred strains. (7) With respect to specific combining ability the C x B or B x C crosses were superior to the other crosses.

中雛飼料에 있어서 고구마澱粉粕 醱酵飼料의 飼養試驗

吳鳳國,姜禧信,金浩植,曺悳鉉 서울대학교 1961 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

A comparative animal feeding experiment has been performed with growing chicks to test the feed value of starch waste fermented feed. The basal complete ration contains 10% wheat bran and 5% rice bran. The 10% wheat bran and both the 10% wheat bran and 5% rice bran were substituted by the starch waste fermented feed respectively to see their comparative feed values. The feeding experiments continued for 4 weeks and the following results have been obtained. 1. Increased body weight in both lots given 10% and 15% starch waste fermented feed rated 68 grams and 52 grams each compared with the control. The L S D test has shown a significancy of 1% level in the 10% lot and 5% in the 15% lot. 2. In feed efficiency each 42 grams and 40 grams of ration were saved per 100 grams increased body weights in the 10% and 15% starch waste fermented feed substituted lots compared with the control. 3. It has been shown that the starch waste fermented feed can well substitute with wheat bran and rice bran to make a fair mixed ration for growing chickens.

중추사료에 있어서 고열량사료원으로서의 가열대두 이용시험

오봉국,이영철 한국축산학회 1963 한국축산학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This comparative feeding experiment was performed with basal rations and two calorie levels of high energy ration which were made by heated soybean meal. Each calorie level of these rations were 930 Cal/lb.(1st treated lot; T₁), 1030 Cal./lb.(2nd treated lot; T₂) and basal lot(830 Cal of metabolizable energy per pound). The chickens used were 5 weeks old, and following results were obtained. 1) Increased body weight in both high level energy lots(T₁ and T₂) was higher than basal lot, and results of analysis of variance has shown a significancy of 5% levels on each other, but according to L.S.D. test, there was no significancy between the T₂ lot and basal lot. 2) With respect to feed consumption, there were able to save the feed in order of T₂ lot, T₁ lot and basal lot. The L.S.D. test has shown a significancy of level between T₂ lot and basal lot, and about 9% of feed were saved. Also between T₁ lot and basal lot, there was a significancy of 5% level and about 3% of food were saved, 3) With respect to economical study, the feed cost per bird of treated lots was higher than basal lot, therefore we knew that the practical worth of heated soybean meal was little. However net profit per bird of T₁ lot(29.17 won) was higher than basal lot(36.43 won) when we sold them for broiler. On the contrary, T₂ lot(24.85 won) was lower than basal lot.