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Song, R.,Grabowska, W.,Park, M.,Osypiuk, K.,Vergara-Diaz, G.P.,Bonato, P.,Hausdorff, J.M.,Fox, M.,Sudarsky, L.R.,Macklin, E.,Wayne, P.M. Elsevier 2017 Parkinsonism & related disorders Vol.41 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>To systematically evaluate and quantify the effects of Tai Chi/Qigong (TCQ) on motor (UPDRS III, balance, falls, Timed-Up-and-Go, and 6-Minute Walk) and non-motor (depression and cognition) function, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A systematic search in 7 electronic databases targeted clinical studies evaluating TCQ for individuals with PD published through August 2016. Meta-analysis was used to estimate effect sizes (Hedges's g) and publication bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methodological bias in RCTs was assessed by two raters.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Our search identified 21 studies, 15 of which were RCTs with a total of 735 subjects. For RCTs, comparison groups included no treatment (n = 7, 47%) and active interventions (n = 8, 53%). Duration of TCQ ranged from 2 to 6 months. Methodological bias was low in 6 studies, moderate in 7, and high in 2. Fixed-effect models showed that TCQ was associated with significant improvement on most motor outcomes (UPDRS III [ES = −0.444, p < 0.001], balance [ES = 0.544, p < 0.001], Timed-Up-and-Go [ES = −0.341, p = 0.005], 6 MW [ES = −0.293, p = 0.06], falls [ES = −0.403, p = 0.004], as well as depression [ES = −0.457, p = 0.008] and QOL [ES = −0.393, p < 0.001], but not cognition [ES = −0.225, p = 0.477]). I<SUP>2</SUP> indicated limited heterogeneity. Funnel plots suggested some degree of publication bias.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Evidence to date supports a potential benefit of TCQ for improving motor function, depression and QOL for individuals with PD, and validates the need for additional large-scale trials.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mind-body exercises like Tai Chi and Qigong (TCQ) show promise for addressing motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. </LI> <LI> Meta-analyses support that TCQ training leads to clinically meaningful improvements in multiple domains of motor function and fall risk. </LI> <LI> Our findings also suggest that TCQ training leads to improvements in mood and quality of life. </LI> </UL> </P>