Saemaul Undong versus Rural Life Improvement Programs (RLIPs): A Brief Comparative Analysis

Bereket Roba Gamo(가모베레켓로바),Yoon-Ji Choi(최윤지),Jung-Shin Choi(최정신),Joo-Lee Son(손주리),Beom-Joo Ko(고범주) 한국지역사회생활과학회 2022 한국지역사회생활과학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.2022 No.5

맷돌방식과 블레이드 방식 밀링과정에서 테프곡물 수분함량의 영향 연구

( Bereket Forsido Menedo ),( Han Joong Kim ) 한국농공학회 2018 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2018 No.-

Teff (Eragrostis tef(Zuccagni) Trotter) is a very important crop in Ethiopia, it supports more than 75% of Ethiopia’s population as staple and co-staple food. It is Ethiopia’s most important crop by area planted and value of production, and the second most important cash crop (after coffee). The Ethiopian standard agency lacks the standard of teff milling machine for “Injera” making and the storage conditions for the teff seeds. Currently, as “Injera” industrialization is emerging, the need for standard milling machine and storage condition is mandatory to maintain uniformity in quality of teff flour produce. The aim of this work is to study the effect of moisture content, on compression resistance, or rapture force/needed for breaking the teff seed, which affects the power consumption of the milling machine and quality of the flour. The initial moisture of the seeds was determined by using the standard hot air oven method with a temperature setting of 105 ± 1°C. Moisture contents in a range of 10% to 18% dry base (10%,14%, and 18% d.b.) were selected each with a standard deviation of ± 0.1% d.b. The teff seed has been milled with two milling machines (stone miller and rotary blade miller), the stone miller is the traditional milling currently used by almost all Ethiopians for teff flour production and the blade type is a new experience which in this work I am trying to explain its advantage towards it’s high efficiency, best flour quality, low power consumption, appropriate size both for commercial and house hold level, and easy to maneuver according to the experiment result. The comparison based on the result between the two milling types (stone and blade) showed that there is a big significant difference on efficiency, power consumption, and time (ie:-the blade miller is more effective with all the three respective parameters). But their individual test based on temperature difference The teff flour milled with blade mill at 10 % moisture was found to have less residue (ie:- more amount of flour produced) than the 14% and 18% moisture contents The outcome of increasing the moisture content before milling was found to be ineffective; and its difference with power consumption and time taken at the 1stmill has low significant but the determination of overall power consumption and flour output sum up until3rd milling was insignificant. In order to increase the application range of the powder, the quality of the powder is analyzed through gelatinization studies. In addition, we plan to carry out basic research to expand the applicability of teff-powder mixed with rice flour, which is in recent demand increasing. We will investigate the possibility of applying it to powder made from stone miller which is widely used in home in Ethiopia.

Semen evaluation: methodological advancements in sperm quality-specific fertility assessment - A review

Tanga, Bereket Molla,Qamar, Ahmad Yar,Raza, Sanan,Bang, Seonggyu,Fang, Xun,Yoon, Kiyoung,Cho, Jongki Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.8

Assessment of male fertility is based on the evaluation of sperm. Semen evaluation measures various sperm quality parameters as fertility indicators. However, semen evaluation has limitations, and it requires the advancement and application of strict quality control methods to interpret the results. This article reviews the recent advances in evaluating various sperm-specific quality characteristics and methodologies, with the help of different assays to assess sperm-fertility status. Sperm evaluation methods that include conventional microscopic methods, computer-assisted sperm analyzers (CASA), and flow cytometric analysis, provide precise information related to sperm morphology and function. Moreover, profiling fertility-related biomarkers in sperm or seminal plasma can be helpful in predicting fertility. Identification of different sperm proteins and diagnosis of DNA damage has positively contributed to the existing pool of knowledge about sperm physiology and molecular anomalies associated with different infertility issues in males. Advances in methods and sperm-specific evaluation has subsequently resulted in a better understanding of sperm biology that has improved the diagnosis and clinical management of male factor infertility. Accurate sperm evaluation is of paramount importance in the application of artificial insemination and assisted reproductive technology. However, no single test can precisely determine fertility; the selection of an appropriate test or a set of tests and parameters is required to accurately determine the fertility of specific animal species. Therefore, a need to further calibrate the CASA and advance the gene expression tests is recommended for faster and field-level applications.

Determinants of Behavioral Intention and Usage of Mobile Money Services in Ethiopia

Tiru Beza Bereket,황기현 한국디지털정책학회 2020 디지털융복합연구 Vol.18 No.2

Mobile Money is a key factor of financial inclusion that can revolutionize the financial service delivery and hence enhance access to finance in emerging economies, especially the East African countries. This study therefore aims to study the determinants of individual’s behavioral intention and usage of Mobile Money services in Ethiopia by usiing the UTAUT2 model. The research model was tested by sampling 200 respondents from different areas of Ethiopia. The analysis results found that Government Support, Facilitating Conditions, Performance Expectancy, Trust and Effort Expectancy are the key factors that affect the usage of Mobile Money service, while Lower Transaction Cost factors and Social Influence were not statistically significant. The findings provide useful information that only government's active efforts and support to promote mobile money services, through appropriate policies and regulations rather than lower transaction cost, can facilitate the adoption and dissemination of such services in Ethiopia.

A Review of Trends and Tasks of Korea’s Rural Life Improvement Programs: Lessons for Ethiopia

가모 베 렛켓 로바(Bereket Roba Gamo ),최윤지(Yoon-Ji Choi),최정신(Jung-Shin Choi),손주리(Joo-Lee Son) 한국농촌지도학회 2022 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.29 No.4

농촌 생활 개선은 대부분의 개발도상국 정부의 주요 정책 관심사로 남아 있다. 그러나 개발도상국들은 농촌개발정책을 시행하면서 농업생산성과 기술개발에 중점을 두었다. 본 논문은 한국의 농촌생활 개선 프로그램을 통해 구현되는 주요 과제를 파악하고, 제2차 세계대전 이후 에티오피아의 농촌개발 노력에 대해 설명하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이 자료는 한국에서의 집중적인 문헌 검토와 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 통해 생성되었다. 일반적으로 두 나라와 특히 그들의 시골 지역은 가난했고 처음에는 거의 비슷했다. 1960년대 이후 한국 농촌의 상황이 급변한 반면 에티오피아 농촌은 아직 큰 개선을 경험하지 못했다. 에티오피아에서 다양한 농촌 개발 노력이 이루어졌지만, 시간이 지남에 따라 서로 다른 정치 정권이 시행한 변덕스러운 정책들이 농촌 부문의 저조한 실적을 뒷받침하는 주요 요인 중 하나로 나타난다. 또한 우리 정부의 농촌개발정책은 처음부터 농촌생활 개선권뿐만 아니라 농업생산기반 개선에도 동등한 비중을 두고 있었지만, 에티오피아 농촌개발정책은 오히려 농촌생활 개선의 측면을 소홀히 하였다. 농업가공, 농촌관광, 비농업 고용기회를 통한 농촌경제 다변화는 우리나라의 농촌개발정책에서도 또 다른 우선분야였지만 에티오피오티아의 농촌개발정책에서는 그렇지 않았다. 우리는 에티오피아가 농촌 생활 개선 노력에 적응할 수 있는 몇가지 교훈을 제안한다. Rural life improvement has remained a key policy concern for the governments of most developing countries. However, developing countries mostly focused on agricultural productivity and technology development while implementing rural development policies. This paper was aimed at constructing the trends and identify the major tasks implemented through the rural life improvement programs in Korea and describing rural development efforts in Ethiopia after the Second World War. The data was generated through an intensive review of literature and focus group interview in Korea. The two countries in general and their rural areas in particular, were poor and almost similar initially. While the condition of rural Korea rapidly transformed since 1960s, rural Ethiopia has not yet experienced major improvement. Although different rural development efforts have been made in Ethiopia, erratic policies implemented by the different political regimes across time emerge to be one of the main factors behind the poor performance of the of the rural sector. Further, while the Korean government’s rural development policy gave equal emphasis to improvement of agricultural production base as well as rural life improvement right from its inception, the Ethiopian rural development policy has rather neglected the rural life improvement aspect. Diversification of rural economy was also another priority area in Korea’s rural development policy through agro-processing, rural tourism, and non-farm employment opportunities whereas this has not been the case in Ethiopia’s rural development policy. We suggest some lessons that Ethiopia might adapt for its rural life improvement endeavors.

Occurrence of Faba Bean Diseases and Determinants of Faba Bean Gall (Physoderma sp.) Epidemics in Ethiopia

Tekalign Zeleke,Bereket Ali,Asenakech Tekalign,Gudisa Hailu,M. J. Barbetti,Alemayehu Ayele,Tajudin Aliyi,Alemu Ayele,Abadi Kahsay,Belachew Tiruneh,Fekadu Tewolde 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.4

Physoderma fungal species cause faba bean gall (FBG) which devastates faba bean (Vicia faba L.) in the Ethiopian highlands. In three regions (Amahara, Oromia, and Tigray), the relative importance, distribution, intensity, and association with factors affecting FBG damage were assessed for the 2019 (283 fields) and 2020 (716 fields) main cropping seasons. A logistic regression model was used to associate biophysical factors with FBG incidence and severity. Amhara region has the highest prevalence of FBG (95.7%), followed by Tigray (83.3%), and the Oromia region (54%). Maximum FBG incidence (78.1%) and severity (32.8%) were recorded from Amhara and Tigray areas, respectively. The chocolate spot was most prevalent in West Shewa, Finfinne Special Zone, and North Shewa of the Oromia region. Ascochyta blight was found prevalent in North Shewa, West Shewa, Southwest Shewa of Oromia, and the South Gondar of Amhara. Faba bean rust was detected in all zones except for the South Gonder and North Shewa, and root rot disease was detected in all zones except South Gonder, South Wollo, and North Shewa of Amahara. Crop growth stage, cropping system, altitude, weed density, and fungicide, were all found to affect the incidence and severity of the FBG. Podding and maturity stage, mono-cropping, altitude (>2,400), high weed density, and non-fungicide were found associated with increased disease intensities. However, crop rotation, low weed infestation, and fungicide usage were identified as potential management options to reduce FBG disease.

Evaluation of Compost Tea on Yield Productions and Post-Harvest Soil Properties of Potato and Tomato at Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia

Gebremedhin Gebremeskel Haile,Bereket Haileselassie,Daniel Berhe 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

The theranostic roles of extracellular vesicles in pregnancy disorders

Islam M. Saadeldin,Bereket Molla Tanga,Seonggyu Bang,Xun Fang,Ki-Young Yoon,Sanghoon Lee,Jongki Cho 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2022 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.37 No.1

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that carry bioactive cargoes of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and miRNAs between living cells. Their role in cellular communication has gained the attention of several research reports globally in the last decade. EVs are critically involved in sperm functions, oocyte functions, fertilization, embryonic development, and pregnancy. The review summarizes the state-of-theart of EVs research in the diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) potentials of the EVs during the pregnancy that might provide a solution for gestational disturbances such as implantation failure, maternal health problems, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. EVs can be found in all biological fluids of the fetus and the mother and would provide a non-invasive and excellent tool for diagnostic purposes. Moreover, we provide the current efforts in manufacturing and designing targeted therapeutics using synthetic and semi-synthetic nanovesicles mimicking the natural EVs for efficient drug delivery during pregnancy.

Anti-corrosive properties of polyaniline, poly(2-toluidine) and poly(aniline-co-2-toluidine) coatings on stainless steel

Evrim Hur,Gozen Bereket,Yucel Sahin 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.6

This study examines the use of polyaniline (PANi), poly(2-toluidine) (PT), and poly(aniline-co-2-toluidine) (co-PT) for corrosion pro-tection of 304-stainless steel (SS) in 0.5 M HCl solution. The PANi, PT, and co-PT coatings were synthesized on SS substrates underand perchloric acid (HClO4) as acid. These coatings were characterized by CV, FTIR, and UVvis spectroscopy. The ability of PANi,PT, and co-PT to serve as corrosion protective coatings for SS was examined by open circuit potential-time (Eocp-time), potentiodynamicpolarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The results of this study reveal that PANi, PT, and co-PT acts as corrosion protective coatings on SS and every coating gives protection eciency of greater than 80% after 48 h of immersion.

Supplementation of cryoprotective extender with resveratrol decreases apoptosis index and reactive oxygen species levels in post-thaw dog sperm

Bang, Seonggyu,Tanga, Bereket Molla,Qamar, Ahmad Yar,Fang, Xun,Seong, Gyeonghwan,Nabeel, Abdelbagi Hamad Talha,Yu, Iljeoung,Cho, Jongki The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2021 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.61 No.4

Resveratrol (RSV, 3,5,4'-trihydroxytrans-stilbene) protects sperm from cryo-induced damage in various animal and human species. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of dog sperm cryoprotective extender containing RSV on the quality of post-thaw dog sperm. Sperm were collected from 4 Beagles and supplemented with different concentrations of RSV (0, 100, 200, and 400 µM). After thawing, apoptosis index, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed to determine post-thaw sperm quality. Dog sperm cryopreserved with 400 µM RSV showed significant improvement in post-thaw sperm quality with lower apoptosis index and ROS levels (p < 0.05). Our results showed that the supplementation of dog sperm cryoprotective extender with RSV at a concentration of 400 µM improved the post-thaw dog sperm quality in the term of sperm ROS production and apoptosis. In addition, we emphasize the necessity of testing the ROS levels and apoptosis index using flow cytometry to determine the quality of post-thaw semen.