Effect of sintering aid (CoO) on transport properties of nanocrystalline Gd doped ceria (GDC) materials prepared by co-precipitation method

Baral, A.K.,Dasari, H.P.,Kim, B.K.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2013 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.575 No.-

Electrical and dielectric properties of the nanocrystalline GDC materials co-doped with CoO (by deposition precipitation method) were studied in the temperature range of 150-600<SUP>o</SUP>C. CoO co-doped samples show higher grain interior conductivity than that of GDC. Dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) shows the presence of defect associates such as (Co-V<SUB>o@?</SUB>-Co) and (Co-V<SUB>o@?</SUB>) in co-doped samples in addition to the defects (Gd-V<SUB>o@?</SUB>-Gd) and (Gd-V<SUB>o@?</SUB>) that are present in GDC system. Dynamic parameters such as migration energy and association energy of oxygen vacancies do not vary significantly with co-doping CoO in the GDC materials. With higher content of CoO, excess of Co<SUP>2+</SUP> in the grain boundary regions leads to trapping of vacancies and/or depletion of vacancies in the space charge region. Therefore grain boundary activation energy increases and grain boundary conductivity decreases with CoO content above 1mol%, at lower temperatures. In the temperature range of 150-600<SUP>o</SUP>C overall conductivities in CoO co-doped samples increase two to three times than that of GDC material.

Effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma on proliferation and differentiation of human embryonic neural stem cells

Baral, S.,Pariyar, R.,Yoon, C.S.,Kim, D.C.,Yun, J.M.,Jang, S.O.,Kim, S.Y.,Oh, H.,Kim, Y.C.,Seo, J. Elsevier 2015 Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine Vol.8 No.10

Objective: To investigate the effects of Gastrodiae rhizoma, a dried root of Gastrodia elata Blume, on proliferation and differentiation of human NSCs derived from embryonic stem cells. Methods: A 70% ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma (EEGR) was estimated with 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol as a representative constituent by HPLC. Results: MTT assay showed that the treatment with EEGR increased the viability of NSCs in growth media. Compared to control, EEGR increased the number of dendrites and denritic spines extended from a differentiated NSC. Whereas EEGR decreased the mRNA expression of Nestin, it increased that of Tuj1 and MAP2 in NSCs grown in differentiation media. Immunocytochemical analysis using confocal microscopy also revealed the increased expression of MAP2 in dendrites of EEGR-treated NSCs. Furthermore, EEGR decreased mRNA expression of Sox2 in NSCs grown even in growth media. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study demonstrates for the first time that EEGR induced proliferation and neuronal differentiation of NSCs, suggesting its potential benefits on NSC-based therapies and neuroregeneration in various neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries.

The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice

Baral, Samrat,Cho, Du-Hyong,Pariyar, Ramesh,Yoon, Chi-Su,Chang, Bo-yoon,Kim, Dae-Sung,Cho, Hyoung-Kwon,Kim, Sung Yeon,Oh, Hyuncheol,Kim, Youn-Chul,Kim, Jaehyo,Seo, Jungwon Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2015 No.-

<P>Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2<I>E</I>,5<I>E</I>)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.</P>

Diphenyl Carbonate: A Highly Reactive and Green Carbonyl Source for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates

Baral, Ek Raj,Lee, Jun Hee,Kim, Jeung Gon American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.83 No.19

<P>A practical, safe, and highly efficient carbonylation system involving a diphenyl carbonate, an organocatalyst, and various diols is presented herein and produces highly valuable cyclic carbonates. In reactions with a wide range of diols, diphenyl carbonate was activated by bicyclic guanidine 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) as a catalyst, which successfully replaced highly toxic and unstable phosgene or its derivatives while maintaining the desired high reactivity. Moreover, this new system can be used to synthesize sterically demanding cyclic carbonates such as tetrasubstituted pinacol carbonates, which are not accessible via other conventional methods.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A catalyst- and solvent-free thermal multicomponent approach for the construction of diverse and polysubstituted 2-aminopyridines and their antibacterial activity

Baral, E.,Sharma, K.,Akhtar, M.,Lee, Y. Royal Society Chemistry 2016 Organic & biomolecular chemistry Vol.14 No.43

<P>A highly efficient and facile thermal multicomponent cascade reaction of readily available 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes with cyanoacetates or cyanoamides and anilines or aliphatic amines under solvent and catalyst-free conditions was developed for the synthesis of a range of polysubstituted 2-aminopyridine derivatives in good to excellent yield. This protocol proceeds via a cascade reaction of Knoevenagel condensation, nucleophilic addition, intramolecular Michael addition, and ring opening. As an application of this methodology, the antibacterial activities of some of the synthetic compounds were evaluated.</P>

Perception of Food Hygiene and Nutritive Value of the Food

BARAL, Sandesh,MOON, Deog Hwan,SHIN, Yong Chul,PAHARI, Sandip,ACHARYA, Shiva Raj Korea FoodHealth Convergence Association 2020 식품보건융합연구 (KJFHC) Vol.6 No.4

Food hygiene and nutrition is a serious public health concern. It is the responsibility of providers and duty of consumers to ensure that hygienic and nutritious food is being served and consumed respectively. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 students to assess the perception of hygiene and nutrition of food in the restaurant of Pokhara Valley, Nepal. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Two-third of the respondents were female in this study. The taste was the most common reason for the consumption of food in the restaurant. In the same way, more than two-thirds of the respondents considered restaurants' food for not having a balanced diet. Around one-third of the respondents consumed food high in vitamins and minerals, protein, carbohydrate, and calories in restaurants. Around two-thirds of the respondents considered hygiene of food in restaurants as slightly hygienic. More than two-thirds of the respondents considered unhealthy to eat food in the restaurant. The study found the association between education status, family type with a taste of the food. Proper awareness, promotion activities for the healthy nutrition lifestyle & food safety education is highly recommended at the local level.

Quercetin-3-<i>O</i>-glucuronide promotes the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells

Baral, Samrat,Pariyar, Ramesh,Kim, Jaehyo,Lee, Ho-Sub,Seo, Jungwon Elsevier 2017 NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING Vol.52 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Quercetin is a bioactive compound exerting therapeutic effects on in vivo animal models of neurodegeneration or neurotoxicity. However, the narrow therapeutic dose-range of quercetin has been a point of concern since previous studies have demonstrated that quercetin induces cytotoxicity in vitro. Quercetin is metabolized to quercetin glucuronates such as quercetin-3-<I>O</I>-glucuronide (Q3GA), primarily detected in the plasma and the brain. Here, we examined whether and how quercetin or Q3GA regulates neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry showed that oral administration of quercetin increased nestin-, DCX-, BrdU/DCX-, and BrdU/NeuN-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. However, quercetin decreased the viability of human embryonic NSCs in culture, accompanied by decreased Akt phosphorylation and increased cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. In contrast, Q3GA increased BrdU-positive cell proliferation, Akt phosphorylation, and cyclin D1 expression. PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 reversed Q3GA-induced Akt phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression, thereby reducing Q3GA-induced proliferation. Furthermore, Q3GA increased the protein secretion of BDNF and its blockade using anti-BDNF antibody reversed Q3GA-induced proliferation. Under differentiation state, Q3GA promotes NSC migration, along with increased mRNA expression of CXCR4. Moreover, Q3GA significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of Akt phosphorylation in the mouse hippocampus and ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory impairments. Our results demonstrate that quercetin and its metabolite Q3GA control NSC viability in a converse manner through contrary regulation of Akt, accounting for the conflicting effects of quercetin in vivo and in vitro. This study provides a novel mechanism for the positive effects of Q3GA on neurogenesis and suggests its therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

The Energy Efficient for Wireless Sensor Network Using The Base Station Location

Baral, Shiv Raj,Song, Young-Il,Jung, Kyedong,Lee, Jong-Yong The Institute of Internet 2015 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.7 No.1

Energy constraints of wireless sensor networks are an important challenge. Data Transmission requires energy. Distance between origin and destination has an important role in energy consumption. In addition, the location of base station has a large impact on energy consumption and a specific method not proposed for it. In addition, a obtain model for location of base station proposed. Also a model for distributed clustering is presented by cluster heads. Eventually, a combination of discussed ideas is proposed to improve the energy consumption. The proposed ideas have been implemented over the LEACH-C protocol. Evaluation results show that the proposed methods have a better performance in energy consumption and lifetime of the network in comparison with similar methods.

Thermodynamic analysis on selection of working fluids for solar-based organic Rankine cycle for small scale electric power generation

Suresh Baral,Kyung Chun Kim 대한기계학회 2013 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2013 No.12

This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis on selecting of working fluids for solar?based organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system for electricity generation. The working fluids for selections are categorized on the basis of nature of the thermo-physical behavior of the fluids that changes its property when subjected to various ranges of heat source temperature. The heat source temperature is obtained from renewable energy (solar energy) by the use of solar collectors. The potential efficiencies (Exergy, thermal and solar), mass flow rate, solar heat input, net power output and solar collector area are simulated.

The Energy Efficient for Wireless Sensor Network Using The Base Station Location

Shiv Raj Baral,Young-Il Song,Kyedong Jung,Jong-Yong Lee 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2015 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.7 No.1

Energy constraints of wireless sensor networks are an important challenge. Data Transmission requires energy. Distance between origin and destination has an important role in energy consumption. In addition, the location of base station has a large impact on energy consumption and a specific method not proposed for it. In addition, a obtain model for location of base station proposed. Also a model for distributed clustering is presented by cluster heads. Eventually, a combination of discussed ideas is proposed to improve the energy consumption. The proposed ideas have been implemented over the LEACH-C protocol. Evaluation results show that the proposed methods have a better performance in energy consumption and lifetime of the network in comparison with similar methods.