Efficient Image Chaotic Encryption Algorithm with No Propagation Error

Abir Awad,Dounia Awad 한국전자통신연구원 2010 ETRI Journal Vol.32 No.5

Many chaos-based encryption methods have been presented and discussed in the last two decades, but very few of them are suitable to secure transmission on noisy channels or respect the standard of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This paper tackles the problem and presents a novel chaos-based cryptosystem for secure transmitted images. The proposed cryptosystem overcomes the drawbacks of existing chaotic algorithms such as the Socek, Xiang, Yang, and Wong methods. It takes advantage of the increasingly complex behavior of perturbed chaotic signals. The perturbing orbit technique improves the dynamic statistical properties of generated chaotic sequences, permits the proposed algorithm reaching higher performance, and avoids the problem of error propagation. Finally, many standard tools, such as NIST tests, are used to quantify the security level of the proposed cryptosystem, and experimental results prove that the suggested cryptosystem has a high security level, lower correlation coefficients, and improved entropy.

South Korea cultural and Economic Cooperation with Africa:The Case of the Sudan

Awad Al-Sid Al-Karsani 한국중동학회 2000 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.21 No.2

Simplified methods of the 3D-SVPWM for four-wire three-leg inverter

Awad, Fathy H.,Mansour, Ahmed A.,Marei, Mostafa I.,El-Sattar, Ahmed A. The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2020 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.20 No.6

This paper introduces a novel technique for simplification of a three-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (3D-SVPWM). Conventional SVPWM calculations are based on trigonometric functions or several decomposition matrices. Thus, a very fast embedded controller is needed either for two-dimension space vector pulse width modulation (2D-SVPWM) or 3D-SVPWM. The proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM is dedicated to four-wire three-leg inverters. This technique is based on first-order equations of the curve fitting technique to reduce calculation time. Therefore, this method can be implemented with low memory storage and Central Processing Unit (CPU) capability. In addition, high accuracy can be achieved using higher-order equations. Many approaches are introduced for simplifications. The applications of the proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM method are also provided. Simulation results of the proposed simplified 3D-SVPWM and the conventional 3D-SVPWM are discussed. Finally, the results are verified using a real-time simulator based on Typhoon device (402) as Hardware-In-the-Loop. In addition, the controller of the simplified method is implemented and operated on the C2000 LAUNCHXL-F28379D as a low-cost microcontroller kit.

ON AN INTERESTING EXTENSION OF KUMMER'S SECOND THEOREM WITH APPLICATIONS

Awad, Mohammed M.,Mohammed, Asmaa O.,Rakha, Medhat A.,Rathie, Arjun K. Korean Mathematical Society 2021 대한수학회논문집 Vol.36 No.1

In this research paper, an attempt has been made to provide an interesting extension of the well-known and useful Kummer's second theorem. Several applications have also been given.

Carbon and nitrogen mineralization and enzyme activities in soil aggregate-size classes: Effects of biochar, oyster shells, and polymers

Awad, Yasser Mahmoud,Lee, Sang Soo,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Ok, Yong Sik,Kuzyakov, Yakov Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.198 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biochar (BC) and polymers are cost-effective additives for soil quality improvement and long-term sustainability. The additional use of the oyster shells (OS) powder in BC- or polymer-treated soils is recommended as a nutrient source, to enhance aggregation and to increase enzyme activities. The effects of soil treatments (i.e., BC (5 Mg ha<SUP>−1</SUP>) and polymers (biopolymer at 0.4 Mg ha<SUP>−1</SUP> or polyacrylamide at 0.4 Mg ha<SUP>−1</SUP>) with or without the OS (1%)) on the short-term changes were evaluated based on a 30-day incubation experiment with respect to several variables (e.g., CO<SUB>2</SUB> release, NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> and NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> concentrations, aggregate-size classes, and enzyme activities in an agricultural Luvisol). The BC and BP with the addition of OS increased the portion of microaggregates (<0.25 mm) relative to the control soil without any additions, while PAM alone increased the portion of large macroaggregates (1–2 mm). Concentrations of NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> also increased in soils treated with OS, OS + BC, and OS + BP as result of the increased chitinase and leucine aminopeptidase activities. The BC and BP when treated with the additional OS had significant short-term impacts on N mineralization without affecting C mineralization in soil. Consequently, the combination of BC or BP with OS was seen to accelerate N turnover without affecting C turnover (and related C losses) from soil. As such, the addition of these additives contributed considerably to the improvement of soil fertility and C sequestration.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Oyster shell (OS), biochar (BC), and biopolymer (BP) changed N-cycling in soil. </LI> <LI> Addition of OS to BC and to BP increased NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>−</SUP> in soil. </LI> <LI> OS alone or with BC or BP increased soil chitinase and aminopeptidase activities. </LI> <LI> BC/BP and OS contributes to soil fertility improvements and C sequestration. </LI> </UL> </P>

Novel Approaches to Monitoring and Remediation of Veterinary Antibiotics in Soil and Water: A Review

Awad, Yasser M.,Lee, Sang-Soo,Kim, Sung-Chul,Yang, Jae-E.,Ok, Yong-Sik The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.4

A vast increase of antibiotics usage in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) over the last few decades has led to an environmental risk due to the presence of antibiotic residuals in different environmental compartments. Especially in Korea, the use of antibiotics in CAFOs is much greater than in other developed countries. One of the primary adverse impacts of antibiotic residuals in the environment is that they readily produce antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), which exert detrimental effects on the ecosystem as well as human health. In this article, the impacts of veterinary antibiotic residuals with regard to their quantification and management, and desirable remediation technologies have been widely reviewed. This review article concluded that the continuous monitoring should be required to ensure the safety of antibiotic residuals in the surrounding environments. Furthermore, the management guidelines of antibiotic residuals need to be developed in the future.

Veterinary antibiotics contamination in water, sediment, and soil near a swine manure composting facility

Awad, Y. M.,Kim, S. C.,Abd El-Azeem, S. A.,Kim, K. H.,Kim, K. R.,Kim, K.,Jeon, C.,Lee, S. S.,Ok, Y. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Environmental earth sciences Vol.71 No.3

Antibiotics have been commonly used to prevent animal diseases and promote livestock productivity. However, its release into the surrounding environments leads to ecological disturbance and risks to human health. This study was conducted to monitor the occurrence and seasonal variations of antibiotics in water, sediment, and soil close to a swine manure composting facility, Korea. Various types of antibiotics such as tetracyclines (TCs) including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline, and sulfonamides (SAs) including sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfathiazole were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry via a solid-phase extraction. In the results it was identified that the variations of measured antibiotics' concentrations in water, sediment, and soil are depending on the season. The observed concentration levels of TCs were higher in winter than in summer season, indicating that the low temperature is a parameter attributing to interruption of its degradation in water, sediment, and soil. The concentration levels of SAs were significantly higher than those of TCs and in general, all measured antibiotics' concentrations were also in general higher in Korea when compared to those in other countries. The long-term monitoring of antibiotics' residues in aquatic and terrestrial environments is necessary.

Fibre composite railway sleeper design by using FE approach and optimization techniques

Awad, Ziad K.,Yusaf, Talal Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.41 No.2

This research work aims to develop an optimal design using Finite Element (FE) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) methods to replace the traditional concrete and timber material by a Synthetic Polyurethane fibre glass composite material in railway sleepers. The conventional timber railway sleeper technology is associated with several technical problems related to its durability and ability to resist cutting and abrading action of the bearing plate. The use of pre-stress concrete sleeper in railway industry has many disadvantages related to the concrete material behaviour to resist dynamic stress that may lead to a significant mechanical damage with feasible fissures and cracks. Scientific researchers have recently developed a new composite material such as Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyurethane (GFRP) foam to replace the conventional one. The mechanical properties of these materials are reliable enough to help solving structural problems such as durability, light weight, long life span (50-60 years), less water absorption, provide electric insulation, excellent resistance of fatigue and ability to recycle. This paper suggests appropriate sleeper design to reduce the volume of the material. The design optimization shows that the sleeper length is more sensitive to the loading type than the other parameters.

Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by ¹⁴C and enzyme activities

Awad, Y.M.,Blagodatskaya, E.,Ok, Y.S.,Kuzyakov, Y. Gauthier-Villars ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 European journal of soil biology Vol.48 No.-

Application of polymers for the improvement of aggregate structure and reduction of soil erosion may alter the availability and decomposition of plant residues. In this study, we assessed the effects of anionic polyacrylamide (PAM), synthesized biopolymer (BP), and biochar (BC) on the decomposition of <SUP>14</SUP>C-labeled maize residue in sandy and sandy loam soils. Specifically, PAM and BP with or without <SUP>14</SUP>C-labeled plant residue were applied at 400 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, whereas BC was applied at 5000 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>, after which the soils were incubated for 80 days at 22 <SUP>o</SUP>C. Initially, plant residue decomposition was much higher in untreated sandy loam soil than in sandy soil. Nevertheless, the stimulating effects of BP and BC on the decomposition of plant residue were more pronounced in sandy soil, where it accounted for 13.4% and 23.4% of <SUP>14</SUP>C input, respectively, whereas in sandy loam soil, the acceleration of plant residue decomposition by BP and BC did not exceed 2.6% and 14.1%, respectively, compared to untreated soil with plant residue. The stimulating effects of BP and BC on the decomposition of plant residue were confirmed based on activities of β-cellobiohydrolase, β-glucosidase, and chitinase in both soils. In contrast to BC and BP, PAM did not increase the decomposition of native or added C in both soils.

Response of fiber reinforced plastic chimneys to wind loads

Awad, A.S.,El Damatty, A.A.,Vickery, B.J. Techno-Press 2000 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.3 No.2

Due to their high corrosion and chemical resistance, fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) are becoming widely used as the main structural material for industrial chimneys. However, no national code currently exists for the design of such type of chimneys. The purpose of this study is to investigate analytically the response of FRP chimneys to wind loads. The classical lamination theory is used to substitute the angle-ply laminate of a FRP chimney with an equivalent orthotropic material that provides the same stiffness. Dynamic wind loads are applied to the equivalent chimney to evaluate its response to both along and across wind loads. A parametric study is then conducted to identify the material and geometric parameters affecting the response of FRP chimneys to wind loads. Unlike the across-wind response, the along-wind tip deflection is found to be highly dependent on the angle of orientation of the fibers. In general, the analysis shows that FRP chimneys are very vulnerable to across-wind oscillations resulting from the vortex shedding phenomenon.