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Green Tea Extract and Catechin Ameliorate Chronic Fatigue-Induced Oxidative Stress in Mice
Kanwaljit Chopra,Surinder Kaur,Naveen Tirkey,Anjali Singal 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.1
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is an illness characterized by persistent and relapsing fatigue, often accom-panied by numerous symptoms involving various body systems. The etiology of CFS remains unclear, but a number of stud-ies have shown that oxidative stress may be involved in its pathogenesis. The present study was designed to investigate theprotective effect of green tea extract (GTE) and catechin in the mouse model of CFS. Animals were subjected to a forcedswimming test session of 6 minutes every day for 7 days; a significant increase in immobility time on successive days rep-resented the CFS in mice. Biochemical analysis revealed that the chronic swim test significantly increased lipid peroxidationlevels and decreased glutathione levels in mouse whole-brain homogenate. Treatment with GTE (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) andcatechin (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days reversed the increase in immobility time. Protection was correlated with the low-ered levels of lipid peroxidation and restoration of reduced glutathione levels in the brains of fatigued mice. These findingsstrongly suggest the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of CFS and that GTE and catechin could be usedas potential agents in the management of CFS and warrant the inclusion of GTE and catechin in the treatment regimen ofCFS patients.
Monica Khanna,Isaac Jacob,Anjali Chopra 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
In branding literature, the customer based brand equity (CBBE) model developed by Kevin Lane Keller finds many applications. The CBBE model (Keller, 1993) involves six brand building blocks out of which the brand resonance block is considered to be the most valuable helping firms to reap a host of benefits like higher brand loyalty, greater price premiums and more efficient and effective marketing programs. This research focuses on the factors that influence brand resonance among past customers (alumni) with the objective of building competitive and innovative service strategies that would help in building strong educational brands. The proposed framework for brand resonance includes existing sub dimensions (behavioral loyalty, attitudinal attachment, sense of community and active engagement) along with two additional dimensions (sense of belonging and gratitude) and aims to identify the key drivers of brand resonance. Since brand resonance characterizes the bond shared by past consumers (alumni) with the brand (educational institute) identifying the significant sub dimensions would provide input while devising strategies to engage with past customers (alumni). The present study provides initial empirical evidence that behavioural loyalty and sense of community create feelings of gratitude which impacts brand resonance; alumni who do not have strong feelings of gratitude limit their interaction with their alma mater on all parameters. Since higher education is an experiential service, it is imperative to understand the construct of gratitude that creates brand resonance and use it to develop relationships and competitive service strategies. The ultimate objective of all marketing activity is to build strong and well differentiated brands that would stand the test of competitive forces over time. Building emotional relationships with alumni as past customers rather than maintaining transactional relationships would be possible only if alumni feel emotions of gratitude and sense of belonging with their alma mater.