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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Alavanja, Michael C.R. (검색결과 5 건)
- 무료
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Mortality among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Chlorpyrifos in the Agricultural Health Study
Lee, Won Jin,Alavanja, Michael C.R.,Hoppin, Jane A.,Rusiecki, Jennifer A.,Kamel, Freya,Blair, Aaron,Sandler, Dale P. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2007 Environmental health perspectives Vol. No.
<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Chlorpyrifos is one of the most widely used organophosphate insecticides in the United States. Although the toxicity of chlorpyrifos has been extensively studied in animals, the epidemiologic data are limited.</P><P><B>Objective</B></P><P>To evaluate whether agricultural chlorpyrifos exposure was associated with mortality, we examined deaths among pesticide applicators in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>A total of 55,071 pesticide applicators were included in this analysis. Detailed pesticide exposure data and other information were obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed at the time of enrollment (1993–1997). Lifetime chlorpyrifos use was divided into tertiles. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the exposure–response relationships between chlorpyrifos use and causes of death after adjustment for potential confounders.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>A total of 1,851 deaths (588 among chlorpyrifos users) were observed during the study period, 1993–2001. The relative risk (RR) of death from all causes combined among applicators exposed to chlorpyrifos was slightly lower than that for nonexposed applicators (RR = 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.81–1.01). For most causes of death analyzed, there was no evidence of an exposure–response relationship. However, the relative risks for mortality from suicide and non-motor-vehicle accidents were increased 2-fold in the highest category of chlorpyrifos exposure days.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings of a possible association between chlorpyrifos use and external causes of death were based on small numbers. However, the findings may reflect a link between chlorpyrifos and depression or other neurobehavioral symptoms that deserves further evaluation.</P>
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Cancer Incidence among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Alachlor in the Agricultural Health Study
Lee, Won Jin,Hoppin, Jane A.,Blair, Aaron,Lubin, Jay H.,Dosemeci, Mustafa,Sandler, Dale P.,Alavanja, Michael C. R. Oxford University Press 2004 American Journal of Epidemiology Vol.159 No.4
<P> The authors evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators with exposure to alachlor in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. A total of 49,980 pesticide applicators are included in this analysis; 26,510 applicators (53%) reported use of alachlor on the enrollment questionnaire. Detailed pesticide exposure and other information were obtained from a self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of enrollment (1993–1997). Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the exposure-response relations between alachlor and cancer incidence controlled for the effects of potential confounding factors. A total of 1,466 incident malignant neoplasms were diagnosed during the study period, 1993–2000. Among alachlor-exposed applicators, the authors found a significant increasing trend for incidence of all lymphohematopoietic cancers associated with lifetime exposure-days (<I>p</I> for trend = 0.02) and intensity-weighted exposure-days (<I>p</I> for trend = 0.03) to alachlor. The risks of leukemia (rate ratio = 2.83, 95% confidence interval: 0.74, 10.9) and multiple myeloma (rate ratio = 5.66, 95% confidence interval: 0.70, 45.7) were increased among applicators in the highest alachlor exposure category. Our findings suggest a possible association between alachlor application and incidence of lymphohematopoietic cancers among applicators in the Agricultural Health Study.</P>
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Koutros, Stella,Lynch, Charles F.,Ma, Xiaomei,Lee, Won Jin,Hoppin, Jane A.,Christensen, Carol H.,Andreotti, Gabriella,Freeman, Laura Beane,Rusiecki, Jennifer A.,Hou, Lifang,Sandler, Dale P.,Alavanja, Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 International journal of cancer: Journal internati Vol.124 No.5
<P>Imazethapyr, a heterocyclic aromatic amine, is a widely used crop herbicide first registered for use in the United States in 1989. We evaluated cancer incidence among imazethapyr-exposed pesticide applicators enrolled in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS). The AHS is a prospective cohort of 57,311 licensed pesticide applicators in the U.S., enrolled from 1993–1997. Among the 49,398 licensed pesticide applicators eligible for analysis, 20,646 applicators reported use of imazethapyr and 2,907 incident cancers developed through 2004. Imazethapyr exposure was classified by intensity-weighted lifetime exposure days calculated as [years of use × days per year × intensity level]. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between imazethapyr exposure and cancer incidence. We found significant trends in risk with increasing lifetime exposure for bladder cancer (p for trend 0.01) and colon cancer (p for trend 0.02). Rate ratios (RRs) were increased by 137% for bladder cancer and 78% for colon cancer when the highest exposed were compared to the nonexposed. The excess risk for colon cancer was limited to proximal cancers, (RR = 2.73, 95% confidence intervals 1.42, 5.25, p for trend 0.001). No association was observed for prostate, lung, rectum, kidney, oral, pancreas, lymphohematopoietic cancers or melanoma. These findings provide new evidence that exposure to aromatic amine pesticides may be an overlooked exposure in the etiology of bladder and colon cancer. The use of imazethapyr and other imidazolinone compounds should continue to be evaluated for potential risk to humans. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>
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Park, Sue K,Kang, Daehee,Beane-Freeman, Laura,Blair, Aaron,Hoppin, Jane A,Sandler, Dale P,Lynch, Charles F,Knott, Charles,Gwak, Jin,Alavanja, Michael Hanley Belfus 2009 International journal of occupational and environm Vol.15 No.3
<P>Paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4, 4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is a nonselective herbicide that is extremely toxic after acute exposure. It was once widely used in North America and is still used in some countries, including the United States. Although there is little firm evidence that paraquat is a carcinogen, previous studies have suggested a potential relationship with some cancers. This prospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between lifetime paraquat exposure and cancer incidence among licensed pesticide applicators with 9.1 years of median follow-up. The lifetime ever-use of paraquat was evaluated in 56,224 subjects at baseline and exposure-response relationship was evaluated in 24,667 subjects (44%) who provided detailed information on total life-time paraquat exposure in a second questionnaire. Among the total subjects, the risk for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in the exposed group was marginally elevated (Relative risk [RR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-2.23) compared to the non-exposed group. However, among the 24,667 applicators who supplied total life-time exposure days, the highest tertile of lifetime exposure-days (LE) and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days (IWLE) was not significantly associated with NHL risk (RR, 1.57; 95%CI, 0.57-4.23 for LE; RR, 1.42; 95%CI, 0.40-4.71 for IWLE, respectively) and there was no significant exposure-response trend (p-trend > 0.1). There was some suggestion of a possible link between paraquat exposure and NHL risk in humans, but the inconsistency in exposure level trend suggests that this could be a chance finding.</P>
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