Breeding of two Bivoltines, A3×935E and A3×916B of Silkworm Bombyx Mori L. for Higher Survival and Moderate Silk Productivity

Naseema, Begum, A.,Ahsan, M. M.,Datta, R. K. 한국잠사학회 1999 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Twelve pure bivoltine silkworm lines identified based on higher G.C.A values from a linextester crossing programme, were crossed with twelve breeds showing cocoon shell ratio>22% and hybrids prepared, evaluated in a Multiple index method. Seven hybrids showing average index value>50 in all the 10 economic characters were selected and evaluated in the laboratory. However, two hybrids viz., A3×935E and A3×916 B were finally selected based on the superiority of the breeds in one day shorter larval duration and with higher reeling characters compared to control KaxNM4D2. The breeding procedure involved in the evolution hybrids are discussed.

Biology of Anagyrus kamali (Moursi) (Hymenoptera : Encyrtidae) - A Parasitoid of the Mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, with a Note on Its Incidence

Katiyar, R.L.,Kumar, Vineet,Manjunath, D.,Sen, A.K.,Shekhar, M.A.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2000 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.1 No.2

The occurrence of Anagyrus kamali, a solitary endoparasite of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus has been reported for the first time from India. The parasitoid was fecund to parasitizing the field population of mealybug to the tune of 10.37 to 42.70% in different months. A comprehensive study on the development of the parasitoid on different stages of mealybug indicated that the parasitoid was able to complete its development in all the stages. Higher parasitism (67.48-78.08%) and more female progeny were observed when 3rd instar nymphs and adult female of the mealybug were exposed to the parasitoid. The biology of A. kamali studied at 25${\pm}1^{\circ}C$ temperature and 60${\pm}$</TEX10% R.H. The parasitoid completes its life cycle in 19.72$\pm$1.12 days. The duration of egg, larva (3 instars) and pupa were 2.67${\pm}$</TEX0.42, 8.80${\pm}$</TEX0.43 and 8.25${\pm}$</TEX0.38 days, respectively. On an average each female of A. kamali laid 39.0${\pm}$</TEX4.53 eggs. It was found to parasitising 8-10 mealybugs and depositing 1-3 eggs per host individual. Observations on adult longevity, parasitizing potential and sex ratio has also been recorded.

Simple replication methods for producing nanoslits in thermoplastics and the transport dynamics of double-stranded DNA through these slits

Chantiwas, Rattikan,Hupert, Mateusz L.,Pullagurla, Swathi R.,Balamurugan, Subramanian,Tamarit-Ló,pez, Jesú,s,Park, Sunggook,Datta, Proyag,Goettert, Jost,Cho, Yoon-Kyoung,Soper, Steven A. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Lab on a chip Vol.10 No.23

<P>Mixed-scale nano- and microfluidic networks were fabricated in thermoplastics using simple and robust methods that did not require the use of sophisticated equipment to produce the nanostructures. High-precision micromilling (HPMM) and photolithography were used to generate mixed-scale molding tools that were subsequently used for producing fluidic networks into thermoplastics such as poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, cyclic olefin copolymer, COC, and polycarbonate, PC. Nanoslit arrays were imprinted into the polymer using a nanoimprinting tool, which was composed of an optical mask with patterns that were 2–7 µm in width and a depth defined by the Cr layer (100 nm), which was deposited onto glass. The device also contained a microchannel network that was hot embossed into the polymer substrate using a metal molding tool prepared <I>via</I> HPMM. The mixed-scale device could also be used as a master to produce a polymer stamp, which was made from polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS, and used to generate the mixed-scale fluidic network in a single step. Thermal fusion bonding of the cover plate to the substrate at a temperature below their respective <I>T</I><SUB>g</SUB> was accomplished by oxygen plasma treatment of both the substrate and cover plate, which significantly reduced thermally induced structural deformation during assembly: ∼6% for PMMA and ∼9% for COC nanoslits. The electrokinetic transport properties of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) through the polymeric nanoslits (PMMA and COC) were carried out. In these polymer devices, the dsDNA demonstrated a field-dependent electrophoretic mobility with intermittent transport dynamics. DNA mobilities were found to be 8.2 ± 0.7 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and 7.6 ± 0.6 × 10<SUP>−4</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> for PMMA and COC, respectively, at a field strength of 25 V cm<SUP>−1</SUP>. The extension factors for λ-DNA were 0.46 in PMMA and 0.53 in COC for the nanoslits (2–6% standard deviation).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Thermoplastic nanoslits were replicated from a simple molding tool and consisted of mixed-scale structures with successful DNA translocation through the slits demonstrated. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0lc00096e'> </P>

A Coordinated Control Method for Leveling PV Output Power Fluctuations of PV–Diesel Hybrid Systems Connected to Isolated Power Utility

Datta, M.,Senjyu, T.,Yona, A.,Funabashi, T.,Chul-Hwan Kim IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on energy conversion Vol.24 No.1

<P>A photovoltaic (PV) system's power output is not constant and fluctuates depending on weather conditions. Fluctuating power causes frequency deviations and reduction in reliability of the isolated power utility or microgrid when large output power from several PV systems is penetrated in the utility. In this paper, to overcome these problems, a simple coordinated control method for leveling the fluctuations of combined power output from multiple PV systems is proposed. The conflicting objective of output power leveling and acquisition power increase is achieved by means of the proposed method. Here, output power command is generated in two steps: central and local. Fuzzy reasoning is used to generate the central leveling output power command considering insolation, variance of insolation, and absolute average of frequency deviation. In local step, a simple coordination is maintained between central power command and local power commands by producing a common tuning factor. Power converters are used to achieve the same output power as local command power employing PI control law for each of the PV generation systems. The proposed method is compared with the method where a modified maximum power point tracking control is used for smoothing the short-term change in each of the PV system's output. Simulation results show that the proposed method is effective for leveling output power fluctuations and feasible to reduce the frequency deviations of the isolated power utility to maintain reliability.</P>

A Control Method for Small Utility Connected Large PV System to Reduce Frequency Deviation Using a Minimal-Order Observer

Senjyu, T.,Datta, M.,Yona, A.,Chul-Hwan Kim IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on energy conversion Vol.24 No.2

<P>In this paper, a minimal-order observer-based control method is proposed for small power utility connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. In the proposed method, the PV power is controlled according to load variation to minimize the frequency deviation. Load power and diesel power are estimated successfully by a minimal-order observer. From the estimated load power, load variation index is calculated. A second-order low-pass filter is used to produce PV base power from available maximum PV power. Then, the PV base power is added with the load variation index to generate the command PV power. The proposed method is compared with the method where maximum power point tracking control is used to produce the command PV power. From simulation results, it has been found that the proposed method is effective to reduce the frequency deviation of the utility and also delivers PV power near maximum PV power.</P>

Ammonia Emission from Subtropical Crop Land Area in India

A. Datta,S. K. Sharma,R.C. Harit,V. Kumar,T. K. Mandal,H. Pathak 한국기상학회 2012 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.48 No.3

Ammonia (NH3) emission from wheat (November to April) and rice (July to October) crops was measured using the chemiluminescence method at a subtropical agricultural area of India during 2009-2010. Samples were collected from the canopy height during different growth stages of wheat crop to study the variations of NH3 emission during different growth stages of the crop. Background atmospheric concentration of NH3 was measured at 5 m height at the study site. Background NH3 concentration was subtracted from the NH3 concentration at crop canopy height to estimate the emission of NH3 from crop canopy. The NH3 emission from the wheat crop were recorded as 33.3 to 57.0; 15.3 to 29.2; 10.3 to 28.0;8.7 to 23.9 and 13.9 to 28.9 μg m−2 d−1 during sowing, crown root initiation (CRI), panicle initiation, grain filling and maturity stages of the crop respectively. The NH3 emission followed a diurnal pattern with significant correlation with ambient temperature at different crop growth stages. Cumulative seasonal NH3 emission to the atmosphere was accounted for the loss of ~10% of applied N-fertilizer during the wheat crop growing period. Immediate increase in NH3 emission was recorded from rice crop, grown under temperature gradient tunnel (TGT). However, the NH3 emission inside the TGT decreases within 3-4 h after the N-fertilizer application. Continuous estimation of NH3concentration at the crop canopy inside the TGT, suggests that the NH3 emission to the atmosphere reaches its peak within ~20 h of Nfertilizer application and continues up to 5 d following a diurnal pattern.

Analysis of building frames with viscoelastic dampers under base excitation

Shukla, A.K.,Datta, T.K. Techno-Press 2001 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.11 No.1

A frequency domain response analysis is presented for building frames passively controlled by viscoelastic dampers, under harmonic ground excitation. Three different models are used to represent the linear dynamic force-deformation characteristics of viscoelastic dampers namely, Kelvin model, Linear hysteretic model and Maxwell model. The frequency domain solution is obtained by (i) an iterative pseudo-force method, which uses undamped mode shapes and frequencies of the system, (ii) an approximate modal strain energy method, which uses an equivalent modal damping of the system in each mode of vibration, and (iii) an exact method which uses complex frequency response function of the system. The responses obtained by three different methods are compared for different combinations of viscoelastic dampers giving rise to both classically and non-classically damped cases. In addition, the effect of the modelling of viscoelastic dampers on the response is investigated for a certain frequency range of interest. The results of the study are useful in appropriate modelling of viscoelastic dampers and in understanding the implication of using modal analysis procedure for building frames which are passively controlled by viscoelastic dampers against base excitation.

Type-Specific Incidence and Persistence of HPV Infection among Young Women: A Prospective Study in North India

Datta, Palika,Bhatla, Neerja,Pandey, R.M.,Dar, Lalit,Patro, A. Rajkumar,Vasisht, Shachi,Kriplani, Alka,Singh, Neeta Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Background: Infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are highly prevalent among sexually active young women in India. However, not much is known about the incidence of type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and their patterns of persistence, especially in the Indian context. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of acquisition and persistence of HPV types in young women. Methods: Women residing in an urban slum in Delhi (n=1300) were followed for 24 months at 6 monthly intervals. Exfoliated cervical cells collected at each visit were tested for the presence of HPV DNA. Genotyping was performed using the reverse line blot assay. Results: The incidence rate for any HPV type was calculated to be 5 per 1000 women-months. Among high risk HPV types, HPV16 had the highest incidence rate followed by HPV59, HPV52 and HPV18, i.e., 3.0, 0.58, 0.41 and 0.35 women per 1000 women-months respectively. The persistence rate was higher for high-risk than low-risk HPV types. Among low-risk types, HPV42, HPV62, HPV84 and HPV89 were found to persist. Whereas almost all high risk types showed persistence, the highest rate was found in women with HPV types 16, 45, 67, 31, 51 and 59. The persistence rate for HPV16 infection was 45 per 1000 women-months. Conclusion: Incident HPV infections and high risk HPV type-specific persistence were found to be high in our study population of young married women. Understanding the patterns of HPV infection may help plan appropriate strategies for prevention programs including vaccination and screening.

Identification of Breeding Resource Material for the Development of Therms-Tolerant Breeds in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Begum, A.Naseema,Basavaraja, H.K.,Rekha, M.,Ahsan, M.M.,Datta, R.K. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.2

Screening of fifteen bivoltine silkworm breeds of Bombyx mori Linn at a temperature of $31{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 85${\pm}$5% resulted in the identification of eight thermo-tolerant breeds. The survival and cocoon shell ratio of the tolerant breeds ranged from 72.7 to 78.7% and 20.0 to 20.1% respectively. The tolerant breeds comprised of four oval breeds and four dumb-bell breeds. Eight foundation crosses prepared by crossing the oval and dumb-bell parents among themselves were screened at a temperature of $31{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of 85{\pm}5%. The performance of the foundation crosses on 11 economic characters were analysed by employing Multipie Trait Evaluation Index method. Four foundation crosses which scored average index value > 50 were selected as breeding parents and breeding initiated for the evolution of thermo-tolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds. The methodology and the results of the foundation crosses reared both at 31{\pm}1$^{\circ}C$ and at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ temperatures, are discussed.

Line X Tester Analysis for Economic Characters in the Bivoltine Silkworm, Bombyx mori L .

Begum, Naseema,Bhargava, A. S. K.,Ahsan, M. M.,Datta, R. K.,Rao, D. Raghavendra 한국잠사학회 1997 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.39 No.2

In a line X tester crossing programme (24 lines and 2 testers) the general combining ability(GCA) and specinc combining ability (SCA) effects were analyzed for five economic characters in the bivoltine silkworm,Bombyx mori L. The results showed desired GCA effects in 934D1(9500), 934B (9789) and 934A1(9855) for cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae brushed by number. Likewise, the lines found to be superior based on GCA effects for other characters were as follows; 931D (14.040 Kgs), 935E (17.023 Kga.), 934D1 (15.643 Kgs.) and 934B (15.687 Kgs.) for cocoon yield by weight: 931D (1.717 g) and 930E (1.796 g) for single cocoon weight; 932B(0.330 g) for single shell weight; 932B (18.7%), 933A (18.86%) and 935A (19.89%) for shell ratio. SCA effects showed the superiority of 932D X KA (9822 cocoon yield per 10,000 larvae brushed by number); 932A X NB4D2 (16.933 Kgs. cocoon yield per 10000 larvae brushed by weight); 931C X KA (1.911 g single cocoon weight); 934 X NB4D2 (0.371 g single shell weight and 21.0% shell ratio). The analysis indicated non-additive gene action for all the five characters.