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Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
홍준혁,Isaac Y. Kim 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.3
After the introduction of prostate cancer screening with the prostate-specific antigen(PSA) test, we have witnessed a dramatic stage migration. As a result, an increasingnumber of patients are diagnosed at earlier stages and receive local treatments includingsurgery or radiation. When these local treatments fail by the definition of increasingPSA levels, patients are usually treated with androgen-deprivation therapy. A fractionof these patients will finally reach a state of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)even without radiological evidence of metastasis, which is referred to as nonmetastaticCRPC (NM-CRPC). Most men with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer initiallyrespond to various types of androgen ablation, but a considerable portion of them eventuallyprogress to NM-CRPC. Among patients with NM-CPRC, about one-third will developbone metastasis within 2 years. In these patients, PSA kinetics is the most powerfulindicator of progression and is usually used to trigger further imaging studies andenrollment in clinical trials. Although CRPC remains largely driven by the androgenreceptor, the benefit of second-line hormonal manipulations, including first-generationantiandrogens, adrenal synthesis inhibitors, and steroids, has not been investigatedin men with NM-CRPC. To date, denosumab is the only agent that has been shown todelay the onset of bone metastasis. However, overall survival did not differ. In treatingNM-CRPC patients, physicians should recognize the heterogeneity of the disease andacknowledge that the recently approved second-line treatments have been studied onlyin advanced stages of the disease.
홍준혁,김현정,김우연,Hong, June-Hyuk,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Woo-Yeon 한국응용생명화학회 2007 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.50 No.2
일반적 대장균 배지 조건에서는 발현되지 않는 대장균 K-12의 laccase gene(yacK)을 PCR로 증폭한 후 pET28c에 클로닝하여 과량 발현시켰다. 과량 생산된 laccase를 His-affinity 칼럼 크로마토그래피로 정제하였다. SDS-PAGE 방법으로 확인한 과량 발현된 단백질의 분자량은 약 55,000이었으며, guaiacol 용액과 agar 배지에서 역가를 보여주었고 최적 온도는 65$^{\circ}C$, 최적 pH는 5이었다. The putative laccase gene, yacK of Escherichia coli, K-12 is not expressed in lab culture conditions. The laccase gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned into pET28a vector. The laccase overproduced in E. coli harboring pET28a was purified by His-affinity column chromatography. The purified laccase, which has the apparent molecular weight of 55,000 on the SDS-polyacrylamide gel showed enzyme activity on the guaiacol solution and agar plate. Optimum temperature and pH were around 65$^{\circ}C$ and 5.0, respectively.
대장균 laccase 유전자의 cloning과 발현 및 정제
홍준혁,김현정,김우연 중앙대학교 유전공학연구소 2003 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.16 No.1
The putative laccase gene, yacK of Escherichia coli K-12 is not expressed in lab culture conditions. The laccase gene was amplified by PCR and subcloned into pET28a vector. The laccase overprocuced in E. coli harboring pET28a was purified by His-affinity column chromatography. The apparent molecular weight of the laccase determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was about 55,000.
홍준혁 대한의사협회 2010 대한의사협회지 Vol.53 No.2
Prostate cancer represents the most common cancer in men in US and the fifth in men in Korea. For the patients with advanced prostate cancer, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)remains the gold standard. However, patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated with ADT frequently develop hormone-refractory status (HRPC). Recent large randomized clinical trials demonstrated that docetaxel-based chemotherapy enhance survival and improve the quality of life in patients with HRPC. Although docetaxel-based chemotherapy has become the standard treatment for HRPC, PSA responses rarely exceed 50% and median survival is still less than 2years. Therefore, there is a need for newer agents that can improve outcomes. This review focuses on the current therapies for the treatment of HRPC, including new cytotoxic agents,antiproliferative agents, antitumor vaccine and antiangiogenic agents. These approaches yielded expected or disappointing results in the phase II or III trials. Interpretation of these trials is sometimes complicated by discordant radiographic and PSA responses. Further investigation in search of more predictive new markers is warranted. Docetaxel-based chemotherapy has become the first-line standard treatment for HRPC, but the survival results are not satisfactory. Therefore, newer agents are being developed with promising results in phase II trials. These new agents should demonstrate higher patient survival rate in phase III studies on a larger scale in order to be approved for clinical use.
실측자료기반 농업용 저수지 장기유출모형 매개변수 최적화
홍준혁,최영제,이재응,Hong, Junhyuk,Choi, Youngje,Yi, Jaeeung 한국수자원학회 2021 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.54 No.2
최근 기후변화로 인해 국내 저수지 중 가장 큰 개소수를 차지하고 있는 농업용 저수지의 안정적인 용수공급이 중요해지고 있다. 그러나 현재 사용하고 있는 농업용 저수지의 유입량 산정모형인 DIROM 모형은 매개변수 산정을 위해 1980년대에 개발된 회귀식을 현재까지 사용하고 있다. 우리나라의 강우 및 유출 특성이 변화함에 따라 본 연구에서는 최근 수문자료 관측을 시작한 일부 농업용 저수지를 대상으로 실측 수문자료 및 유전자 알고리즘을 이용하여 DIROM 모형의 매개변수를 최적화하고, 그 결과를 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과 기존의 매개변수를 적용한 결과에 비하여 최적 매개변수를 적용하였을 때 실측 유입량과의 차이가 약 80% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 평균적으로 상관계수는 0.64로 증가하였고, 평균제곱근오차는 28.2 × 103 ㎥로 감소하였다. 최적 매개변수를 사용하여 장기유출모의를 하는 것이 실측 유입량에 좀 더 근접하게 모의 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과 장기적으로 관측된 실측 수문자료를 활용하게 된다면 좀 더 정확도 높은 유입량을 모의할 수 있으며, 미계측 농업용 저수지에서의 안정적인 용수공급 분석에 도움이 될 것이라 판단된다.