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자단향으로부터 밀 붉은곰팡이병균 Fusarium graminearum에 대한 항진균활성 물질의 분리 및 특성 규명
김지인,하아름,박애란,김진철,Kim, Ji-In,Ha, Areum,Park, Ae Ran,Kim, Jin-Cheol 한국식물병리학회 2017 식물병연구 Vol.23 No.3
붉은곰팡이병은 주로 Fusarium graminearum에 의해 발생하며 전세계적으로 주요 곡물에 치명적인 피해를 주는 식물병이다. 관행농가에서는 일반적으로 붉은곰팡이병 방제에 합성살균제를 사용하고 있지만 장기적인 합성살균제의 사용으로 인하여 환경 오염 문제와 인간의 건강을 위협하는 문제가 야기되었다. 때문에 천연물살균제를 포함한 친환경 생물농약 개발에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 100종의 식물추출물을 이용하여 F. graminearum에 항진균 활성을 갖는 식물 추출물을 탐색하였다. 그 결과 자단 심재부인 자단향의 조추출물이 가장 강한 항진균활성을 보였으며, GC-MS 분석을 통하여 자단향으로부터 ${\alpha}$-cedrol과 widdrol로 동정된 두개의 항진균 활성물질을 분리하였다. ${\alpha}$-Cedrol과 widdrol의 F. graminearum 포자발아 억제활성 최소저해농도는 각각 31.25 mg/l과 62.5 mg/l였으며, 이 두 물질은 F. graminearum 이외에도 다양한 식물병원균의 균사 생육을 저해하였다. 더욱이 자단향 추출물을 분말 수화제로 제형화하여 처리한 결과, 밀 붉은 곰팡이병에 대한 방제효과는 유효성분 농도가 높을수록 효과적인 방제가를 보였으며, 250배 희석처리 시 2,000배의 상용농도로 희석한 합성살균제의 방제가(92.6%)와 통계적으로 유사한 87.2%의 병방제가를 보였다. 본 연구결과는 붉은곰팡이병방제를 위한 효과적인 생물살균제로 자단향 추출물이 활용 가능하다는 것을 제시하고 있다. Fusarium head bight (FHB) is a devastating disease on major cereal crops worldwide which causes primarily by Fusarium graminearum. Synthetic fungicides are generally used in conventional agriculture to control FHB. Their prolonged usage has led to environmental issues and human health problems. This has prompted interest in developing environmentally friendly biofungicides, including botanical fungicides. In this study, a total 100 plant extracts were tested for antifungal activity against F. graminearum. The crude extract of Pterocarpus santalinus heartwood showed the strongest antifungal activity and contained two antifungal metabolites which were identified as ${\alpha}$-cedrol and widdrol by GC-MS analysis. ${\alpha}$-Cedrol and widdrol isolated from P. santalinus heartwood extract had 31.25 mg/l and 125 mg/l of minimal inhibitory concentration against the spore germination of F. graminearum, and also showed broad spectrum antifungal activities against various plant pathogens. In addition, the wettable powder type formulation of heartwood extract of P. santalinus decreased FHB incidence in dose-dependent manner and suppressed the development of FHB with control values of 87.2% at 250-fold dilution, similar to that of chemical fungicide (92.6% at 2,000-fold dilution). This study suggests that the heartwood extract of P. santalinus could be used as an effective biofungicide for the control of FHB.
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Kalaiselvi Duraisamy,하아름(Areum Ha),Jongmun Kim,박애란(Ae Ran Park),김보라(Bora Kim),송찬우(Chan Woo Song),송효학(Hyohak Song),김진철(Jin-Cheol Kim) 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.3
Turfgrass, the most widely grown ornamental crop, is severely affected by fungal pathogens including Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, Rhizoctonia solani, and Magnaporthe poae. At present, turfgrass fungal disease management predominantly relies on synthetic fungicide treatments. However, the extensive application of fungicides to the soil increases residual detection frequency, raising concerns for the environment and human health. The bacterial volatile compound, 2,3-butanediol (BDO), was found to induce plant resistance. In this study, we evaluated the disease control efficacy of a combination of stereoisomers of 2,3-BDO and commercial fungicides against turfgrass fungal diseases in both growth room and fields. In the growth room experiment, the combination of 0.9% 2R,3R-BDO (levo) soluble liquid (SL) formulation and 9% 2R,3S-BDO (meso) SL with half concentration of fungicides significantly increased the disease control efficacy against dollar spot and summer patch disease when compared to the half concentration of fungicide alone. In field experiments, the disease control efficiency of levo 0.9% and meso 9% SL, in combination with a fungicide, was confirmed against dollar spot and large patch disease. Additionally, the induction of defense-related genes involved in the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways and reactive oxygen species detoxification-related genes under Clarireedia sp. infection was confirmed with levo 0.9% and meso 9% SL treatment in creeping bentgrass. Our findings suggest that 2,3-BDO isomer formulations can be combined with chemical fungicides as a new integrated tool to control Clarireedia sp. infection in turfgrass, thereby reducing the use of chemical fungicides.
ScienceON
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