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최윤오(Choi Yun-Oh) 한국사연구회 2006 한국사연구 Vol.132 No.-
Of the 13,588 total farmers listed in Jincheon County, this study focused in particular on the agricultural management types adopted by independent farmers and commercial landlords(經營地主, Gyeongyeong -jiju)By making use of a management style that was based on the use of family labor, independent farmers were able to enjoy a high degree of stability and to secure agricultural surpluses. Commercial landlords were also able to generate agricultural surpluses by increasing the ratio of land under their direct management. In particular, these commercial landlords went to great lengths to rationalize their management methods through such means as the introduction of new agricultural technologies and wage laborers. The ratio of independent farmers to overall farmers in the Jincheon area(13,588) during this period amounted to a mere 8.6%. These independent farmers consisted of 938 independent tenant farmers, who possessed 0.5-1.5 Jeongbo(1 Jeongbo is the equivalent of 3,000 pyeong of land ? accounting for 20.1% of 4686 farmers, and 6.9% of the overall 13,588 farmers), and 231 independent wealthy farmers(who accounted for 5% of 4686 farmers, or 1.7% of the 13,588 total farmers). Farmers in the Jincheon area during Daehan Empire era consisted of a select number of landlords and wealthy farmers, while the great majority were poor peasants. In addition, one found only a limited number of independent farmers. Commercial and wealthy farmers not only exhibitedcharacteristics which were reminiscent of those associated with independent farmers, but carried a high probability of becoming commercial landlords. As we can see from 〈Table 14〉, there were a grand total of 62 commercial landlords. The ratio of the land under their direct management varied from 30-40% to in excess of 90%. In this regard, these groups focused their efforts on securing the largest surplus possible, with the main strategy used to achieve this end being the employment of wage laborers. This study was made possible by the existence of historical documents known as Yangan( 量案, land survey). Although certain limitations emerged, the Yangan nevertheless representmeaningful historical documents which can be used to exhibit general farmer-related trends at the village(Gun, Hyeon) unit level.