미각센서를 이용한 중국산 감초와 우즈베키스탄산 광과감초의 감별

최고야 ( Go Ya Choi ),김영화 ( Young Hwa Kim ),채성욱 ( Sung Wook Chae ),이혜원 ( Hye Won Lee ),고병섭 ( Byoung Seob Ko ),이미영 ( Mi Young Lee ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Objectives: Genetic analysis and taste pattern were performed to identify species between Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra which are officially listed in Korean Pharmacopoeia Ⅸ as origin of Gamcho(gancao, licorice root, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma). Methods: Genetic analysis showed that identification between two species was done by comparing base sequence of ITS(intergenic transcribed spacer) and trnH-psbA regions from eleven Gamchoes sold in market. There was different taste pattern using by taste sensor in Glycyrrhiza uralensis and G. glabra. Results: Genetic analysis showed that six Gamchoes from China were identified as Glycyrrhiza uralensis and five Gamchoes from Uzbekistan were G. glabra. From the results of taste pattern, sourness and astringency of Glycyrrhiza uralensis from China were significantly higher than G. glabra from Uzbekistan, and aftertaste of astringency, aftertaste of umami, and saltiness of Glycyrrhiza uralensis were signicantly low as compared to G. glabra. There is no significant difference between two species in terms of bitterness, aftertaste of bitterness, and umami. Conclusions: Taken together, Glycyrrhiza uralensis from China and G. glabra from Uzbekistan were identified by taste sensor, and this technic could be applied to establishment of taste pattern marker for identification of different species located in various regions.

4종 창포류의 성분 패턴 및 항산화 효능 비교

최고야 ( Go Ya Choi ),고병섭 ( Byoung Seob Ko ),이미영 ( Mi Young Lee ),채성욱 ( Sung Wook Chae ),김영화 ( Young Hwa Kim ),육진아 ( Jin Ah Ryuk ),백지성 ( Ji Seong Baek ),이혜원 ( Hye-won Lee ) 대한본초학회 2011 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

Objective: This study was to compare antioxidant activity and HPLC pattern analysis from 4 species of changpo(changpu). Methods: To compare the antioxidant activity and HPLC pattern analysis from the 4 species of changpo, we performed the in vitro anti-oxidative activity assays and HPLC analysis from 70% ethanol extracts of Acorus gramineus Sol. (=AG), A. tatarinowii Schott (=AT), A. calamus L. (=AC) and Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey (=AA) taken in the herbal medicine market of Korea. Results: AG has the most effective anti-oxidative activity among 4 species of changpo. As the HPLC pattern analysis, AT was detected the unknown peak at retention time 14.9 min whereas AG was not showed any peak at the same retention time. These results suggest that AG could be used rather than AT when it need to be prescribed as anti-oxidative medicine. Conclusions: This result can be used as the basic data contributing to the stability of AG according to an appropriate clinical application.

수입한약재 품목 분석을 통한 품질 제고

최고야 ( Go Ya Choi ),고병섭 ( Byoung Seob Ko ),장설 ( Seol Jang ),채성욱 ( Sung Uk Chae ),이혜원 ( Hye Won Lee ),이미영 ( Mi Young Lee ) 대한본초학회 2009 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: Quality control for imported medicinal herbs is duty for regulation, however to the best of our knowledge there has been no report regarding quality control of imported ones. Therefore, this study investigated the data of imported ones for monitoring quality issue. Methods: These data are categorized according to item, the amount of import, country, inspection item, suitability, and incongruity reason based on the 248 results performed by KIOM. Results: China is the number one country for import with the value of 73%. Inspected medicinal herbs were 139 species, among them Poria is ranked as top for requested number and the amount of import. The amount of import is similar between high ranking 20 species and low ranking 119 ones, showing high ranking ones are major. The incongruity ratio was 7.7% from the total number of inspected items, the reason for incongruity was excess of tolerable amount of Cd residue. Conclusions: From the data, it is effective way to focus on high ranking herbs for evaluating imported herbs for quality control. The study of mechanism on Cd accumulation and its decrease is essential for environmental matter. And identification and storage for mixed used and easily decomposable herbs are remained for further study. Our study might be small step for showing guideline for proper quality control.

<특집Ⅱ가족과 인권, 가족의 변두리를 비추다> : 미국의 동성결혼 판결 소개 ; - United States v. Windsor 판결 및 Perry v. Schwarzenegger 판결을 중심으로 -

하정훈 ( Jung Hoon Ha ),박범 ( Beom Park ),최고야 ( Ko Ya Choi ),김민수 ( Min Soo Kim ) 서울대학교 BK21 법학연구단 공익인권법연구센터 2014 공익과 인권 Vol.14 No.-

미국 연방대법원은 2013년 6월 26일 동성혼(same-sex marriage) 법제화 운동의 전환점이 될 두 사건에 관한 판결을 선고했다. 연방법상 결혼을 이성(異性)간 결합으로 한정한 혼인보호법 (Defense of Marriage Act, ‘DOMA’로 지칭되기도 한다) 제3조에 관한 United States v. Windsor 570 U.S. ___ (2013) 사건과 미국 캘리포니아 주에서 동성혼을 금지한 주 헌법(State Constitution) 개정안인 주민발의안 제8호(Proposition 8)에 관한 Hollingsworth v. Perry 570 U.S. ___ (2013) 사건이 그것이다. 연방대법원은 이날 DOMA 사건에서는 혼인보호법 제3조가 미국연방헌법을 위반하였다고 판결하였으며, Hollingsworth v. Perry 사건은 상고인 적격이 없다고 보아 상고를 각하하여, 주민발의안 제8호가 미국연방헌법을 위반하였다고 본 제1심 판결{Perry v. Schwarzenegger 704 F. Supp. 2d 921, 1003(N.D. Cal. 2010)}을 실질적으로 확정지었다. 본고는 혼인보호법을 위헌으로 선언한 미국연방대법원 판결 및 주민발의안 제8호를 위헌으로 선언한 캘리포니아주 북부연방지방법원 제1심 판결을 소개하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 혼인보호법을 위헌으로 선언한 미국연방대법원 판결은 미국연방헌법의 평등보호조항과 적법절차조항이 동성혼의 맥락에 어떠한 방법으로 적용될 수 있는지에 관한 실마리를 던져준다. 다수의견은 평등의 원칙을 적용하면서도 기존의 단계적 심사이론을 채택하지 않았고, 실체적 적법절차의 원칙을 적용하는 듯하면서도 기존의 법리를 적용하지 않았는바, 바로 이러한 점에서 다수의견이 ‘동성애’와 ‘동성혼’과 같은 문제가 기존 법리가 충돌하는 지점에서 어떤 고민을 했는지를 엿볼 수 있다. 위 판결은 동성혼에 대한 실체적 판단 외에도 미국연방헌법 제3조가 요구하는 재판권의 요건과 당사자적격 요건에 관한 심도 있는 논의도 보여준다. 위 두 쟁점에 관한 다수의견과 소수 의견을 모두 소개하여 미국연방대법원 내의 고민이 드러날 수 있도록 하였다. 혼인보호법에 관한 미국연방대법원 판결이 위와 같은 고민을 드러내고 있다면, 주민발의안 제8호에 관한 제1심 판결은 동성혼을 금지하는 법률의 위헌성을 보다 선명하게 보여준다. 2013년 6월 이후 위 제1심 판결문은 미국 32개 주에서 제기된 유사한 동성혼 법제화 사건에서 인용되면서 유사한 결론을 이끌어내는 근거로 작용하여, 혼인보호법에 관한 연방대법원의 판결문보다 널리 읽히고 있다. 우리나라도 김조광수, 김승환의 혼인 신고로 법률적으로 동성혼을 어떻게 받아들일 것인지에 관한 논의가 본격적으로 시작되고 있다. 본고는 동성혼에 관한 미국의 두 판결을 소개함으로써 우리나라의 논의에 실마리를 제공하고자 한다. On July 26th, 2013, the Supreme Court of United States ruled on two cases which would become landmark cases in the same-sex marriage movement. The two cases each dealt the constitutionality of Article 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act(abbreviated as ``DOMA``), which defined marriage as union between one man and one woman as husband and wife when applying federal law and regulations; and Proposition 8 which amended the Californian state constitution barring same-sex couples from marrying in the state of California. The Supreme Court ruled in United States v. Windsor 570 U.S. __ (2013) that Article 3 of Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional. In Hollingsworth v. Perry 570 U.S. __ (2013), the Supreme Court ruled that the appellant had no standing to appeal, which in effect gave full force to the district court ruling{Perry v. Schwarzenegger 704 F. Supp. 2d 921, 1003(N.D. Cal. 2010)} that Proposition 8 violates the equal protection clause and the due process clause embodied in the 14th Amendment. This essay aims to introduce United States v. Windsor 570 U.S. __ (2013) and Perry v. Schwarzenegger 704 F. Supp. 2d 921, 1003(N.D. Cal. 2010). In United States v. Windsor, the Supreme Court shows how principles of equality and due process can be applied in the context of same-sex marriage. The majority opinion opines that DOMA violates the principle of equality and yet refrains from applying the traditional tiers of scrutiny doctrine which is typical in equal protection cases. The majority also frequently mentions the due process clause but is being criticized for being unconventional in its application. Such unconventionality in the majority opinion shows the challenge the majority faced when it tried to apply traditional legal doctrines to cases concerning sexual orientation or same-sex marriage as those matters were hardly expected to be dealt with when conventional legal doctrines were devised and developed. Apart from the constitutionality of DOMA, the justices discussed extensively on the jurisdiction and standing requirement of Article III of the United Sates Constitution. The essay introduces both the majority and minority opinions in order to signify the points where the justices disagreed upon. While United States v. Windsor 570 U.S. __ (2013) shows the challenge one might face when applying conventional legal doctrines to same-sex marriage cases, Perry v. Schwarzenegger 704 F. Supp. 2d 921, 1003(N.D. Cal. 2010) explains in a more clear manner why Proposition 8 is in violation with the equal protection and due process clause. Owing to such clear and frank logic, Perry v. Schwarzenegger is being quoted in numerous cases concerning same-sex marriage to draw similar conclusions. As director Kim Jo Gwang Su and his spouse Kim Seung Hwan filed their marriage registration form, Korea is now beginning to get into terms with same-sex marriage. By introducing the above two cases, the essay aims to give some guidance on how law, specifically the constitution should deal with same-sex marriage.