가리시용(加里施用)이 소나무의 Needle Cast에 미치는 영향(影響)

정인구,유택규,Chung, In Koo,You, Taik Kyu Korean Society of Forest Science 1970 한국산림과학회지 Vol.10 No.1

소나무 묘목을 이용하여 포지에서 비료 3요소 시험을 $3^3$요인 시험으로 S반복을 실시하여 1963년부터 1966까지 4년간 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 소나무는 삼요소중 질소비료에 대하여 가장 비효가 컸으며 질소, 인산, 가리의 순위였으나 2. 3차년도 이후는 Needle cast가 발병하여 가리에 대하여 고도의 비효가 있었으며 인산에 대하여는 0.5%의 유의성이 있었다. 3. 가리는 소나무 생장에는 질소와 같이 크게 비효를 나타내지 못하였으나 Needle cast가 만연된 후에는 가리의 시용구에서는 비효를 나타 내었다. 4. 즉 소나무에 있어서는 Needle cast 발병전에는 질소 및 인산의 비효가 크게 나타났으며 가리의 시용구가 신장 생장에는 크게 영향을 주지 못했으나 건묘로서 내병성이 강하였으므로 결과적으로 비효가 크게 인정되었다. 5. Needle cast 발병 전에는 가리의 비효가 나타나지 않았으나 발병 후에는 질소나 인산보다도 가리의 시비효과가 크게 인정되었으며 그 효과는 가리, 인산, 질소의 순위이었다. NPK experiment with two year old Korean red pine tree seedlings produced in Kangwon Province has been conducted during four years from 1963 to 1966 through pot trial. In order to minimize experimental error, this experiment laid out 27 treatments with 8 replications. The result of this experiment revealed that responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were distinct whilst its response to potassium fertilizer was negligible when seedlings were free from the needle cast infection. After needle cast disease was seriously infected, however the response to potassium was very outstanding and followed by phosphorus effect. The response to nitrogen was not able to be observed among the levels of nitrogen application. Therefore, it may be said that potassium application could produce healthy pine seedlings those which tolerant to the needle cast infection.

밤나무 시비시험 (Ⅱ) - 일조량부족과 (日照量不足) MgO 의 시비효과 -

정인구,강신우,이명선 ( In Koo Chung,Sin Woo Kang,Meong Sun Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1982 한국산림과학회지 Vol.58 No.1

During the two-years(1979 to 1980) fertilization trial on 4-year-old chestnut tree plantations. total insolation was diminished in 1980 because of unseasonable weather. In every fertilization treatment plot, especially in the NPK-fertilized plot with mannesium, growth of trees and yield of chestnuts have been increased significantly. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The growth in the NPK-fertilized plot with boron and magnesium was 20 percent higher than in plots fertilized with NPK alone. 2) Although there was some frost damage to trees on November 14, 1979, the 1979 weather was otherwise normal and daily insolation averaged 7 hours from June through september, The 1979 fertilization indices for chesnut yield were 167 for NPK with boron and 207 for NPK with magnesium, as compared with the base index of 100 for NPK alone. 3) In 1980, the second year of the fertilization trial, unseasonable weather decreased the average daily insolation from June through September to 3.8 hours. Under such conditions, the fertilization indices for chestnut yield were 620 for NPK with boron and 741 for NPK with magnesium, and Boron, as compared to the base index of 100 for NPK alone; i.e. the yields of plots treated with NPK and magnesium were 21 percent higher than for plots with NPK and boron and 7 times the yields for plots with NPK alone, But in the trial plot of NPK, yield of chestnut in 1980 decreased compared with 1979, 4) All test plots had natural magnesium levels lower than 0.8me/100gr., and the treatments with NPK and magnesium would have been less apparent on soils with higher magnesium level. The spectacular effects of treatment with NPK and magnesium during periods of low insolation may result from increased chlorophyll production and corresponding increases in active carbon assimilation, which should play an important role in carbohydrate formation.

한국의 대표적인 산림토양통에 (山林土壤統) 대한 중요 조림수종의 (造林樹種) 시비효과 (施肥效果) 분석에 관한 연구 (Ⅰ)

정인구,김창호 ( In Koo Chung,Chang Ho Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1978 한국산림과학회지 Vol.37 No.1

This experimentation aims to study on the characterics of tree growth by forestry land soil system and the effect of applied fertilizer by kind of tree for obtaining basic data on application of fertilizer to forestry land and to further investigate the restriction factor of tree growth by soil system for promoting more effective application of fertilizer to forestry area. 1. The characteristics of tree growth by soil system showed that tree growth was worst on erosive soil, bad on red or red and yellow soil and generally good on brown soil. 2. With regard to Black Locust, the restriction factor of its growth appeared the content of P₂O_5 in the soil and the less the content of P₂O_5 is in the soil, the worse its growth was and its growth was bad on clay soil. 3. The growth of pinus seems closely related with the content of K₂O in the soil and the growth of PH was bad on neutral or alkali soil and good on weak-acid soil. Its growth greatly depended upon the content of OM or FN. 4. As Suwon Poplar is a kind of tree requiring for a special soil, its growth required for fertile soil and the content of O. MN P₂O_5 K₂O was proportional to its growth. 5. The growth of Black Locust, pinus and Suwon Poplar was good on the soil containing much sand but bad on the soil containing much clay.

천식연전의 (千餘年前) 땜 축제기술과 용두산의 임상 변천

정인구(Chung In Koo) 한국전통조경학회 1982 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.1 No.1

N/A N/A

수량화에 의한 우리나라 삼림토양의 (森林土壤) 형태학적및 이화학적 성질과 잣나무 및 낙엽송의 생장 상관분석

정인구 ( In Koo Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.53 No.1

1. Aiming at supply of basic informations on tree species siting and forest fertilization by understanding of soil properties that are demanded by each tree species through studies of forest soil`s morphological, physical and chemical properties in relation to tree growth in our country, the necessary data have been collected in the last 10 years, are quantified according to quantification theory and are analyzed in sccordnace with multi-variate analysis. 2. Test species, japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Gord) and the Korean white pine, (pinus koraiensis S et Z.) are plantable in extensive areas from mid to north in the temperate forest zone and are the two most recommended reforestation tree species in Korea. However, their respective site demands are little known and they have been in confusion or considered demanding the same site during reforestation. When the Korean white pine is planted in larch sites, it has shown relatively good growth, but, when Japanese larch is planted in Korean white pine site it can hardly said that the Japanese :arch growth is good To understand on such a difference soil factors have been studied so as to see how th soil`s morphological, physical and chemical factors affect tree gorwth helped with the electronic computer. 3. All the stands examined are man-made mature forests. From 294 Japanese Larch plots and 259 Korean white pine plots dominant trees are cut as samples and through stem analysis site index is determined. For each site index soil profiles are made in the related forest-land for analysis. Soil samples are taken from each profile horizon and forest-land productivity classification tables are worked out through physical and analyses of the soil samples for each tree species for the study of relationships between physical, chemical and the combined physical properties of soil and tree growth 4. In the study of relationships between physical properties of soil and tree growth it is found out that Japanese larch growth is influenced by the following factors in the decreasing order of weight deposit form, soil depth, soil moisture. altitude, relief. soil type, depth a A-horizon, soil consistency, content of organic matter, soil texture, bed rock, gravel content, aspect and slope. For the Korean white pine the influencing factors` order is soil type, soil consistency, bed rock, aspect, depth of A-horizon, soil moisture, altitude, relief, deposit form, soil depth, soil texture, gravel content and slope. 5. In the study of relationships between chemical properties of soil and tree growth it is found out that Japanese larch growth is influenced by the following factors in the order of base saturation, organic matter, CaO, C/N ratio, effective P₂O_5, PH, ecxhangeable, K₂O, T-N, MgO, CEC, Total Base and Na. For the Korean white pine the influencing factors` order is effective P₂O_5, Total Base, T-N, Na, C/N ratio, PH, CaO, base saturation, organic matter, exchangeable K₂O, CEC and MgO. 6. In the study of relationships between the combined physical and chemical properties of soil and tree growth it is found out that Japanese larch growth is influenced by the following factors in the order of soil depth, deposit form, soil moisture, PH, relief, soil type altitude, T-N, soil consistency, effective P₂O_5, soil texture, depth of A-horizon, Total Base, exchangeable K₂O and base saturation. For the Korean white pine the influencing factors` order is soil type, soil consistency, aspect, effective P₂O_5, depth of A-horizon, exchangeable K₂O, soil moisture, Total Base, altitude, soil depth, base saturation, relief, T-N, C/N ratio and deposit form. 7. In the multiple correlation of forest soil`s physical properties larch`s correlation coefficient for Japanese Larch is 0.9272 and for Korean white pine, 0.8996. With chemical properties larch has 0.7474 and Korean white pine has 0.7365 So, the soil`s physical properties are found out more closely related with tree growth than chemical prop

니암지대황폐림지의 (泥岩地帶荒廢林地) 지피식생 (地被植生) 조성방법에 관한 연구 - 니암특성과 조기녹화 (早期綠化) -

정인구 ( In Koo Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1973 한국산림과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

The results of ground vegetation experiment conducted at completely denuded forestland in the mudstone region are summerized as follows: On the reaults of soiling quantity the effect of soiling was observed where depth of soiling over 10 cm was practiced, and a plot where treated with I5cm soiling and without fertilizer showed poor growth and it was even worser than the plot where soiling was practiced only 1 cm in thikness but applied adequate amount of fertilizers. The depth of slits between 30cm and 40cm showed no significant difference in the effect. A plot where covered with vegetation bag showed somewhat better results in seed loss and early growth but no differences observed in the fall result over the none covered plot. And then, it is recommendable to have soiling over 10cm in thikness with slit of 30cm and 30cm in depth and to apply 30 gram of fertilizer (22; 22:11, 50 gram) per slit. On various soiling materials trial there were no striking differences in the effect of soiling between weathered granite soil, wheathered tuffs soil and weathered mudstone soil. In the treatment with various green materials, a plot treated with straw mat showed a significant difference at 1 percent. The results show that weathered mudstone soil is effective to use as soiling materials and straw mat treatment was better. On forest fertilization trial, in the mudstone region where red and black pine trees already existing at a rate of 2,000-3,000 trees per hectare had applied 110kg of compound fertilizers (9: 12: 3 and 22: 22: 11) per hectare basis in terms of plant nutrient. As a result, the difference in effect between the compound fertilizers was not found however the leaf color and leaf length of the fertilizer added plot showed darker and longer at 30 percent over the no fertilizer received plot. Compound fertilizers, 14: 37: 12 and 9: 12: 3 were applied to alder trees at a rate of 20 gram and 40 gram per tree in terms of plant nutrient and a remarkable growth accelerantion was observed where 40 grams of plant nutrient applied. The effect difference between the compound fertilizers was not found. On investigation of tree root elongation, forty years old red pine trees showed only 15cm tap root elongation through mudstone while black pine had 23 cm tap root elongation. The total length of supporting root elongtion of red and black pines showed 20 and 13 meters, respectively. The tap. roots of Black locusts were not able to elongate through mudstone, however, the supporting roots tanded to develop to the underneath of pine tree where some moisture content is available. `Black locusts And grown on the residual soil of mudstone normally die between 8 to 10 years. The red pine trees show flat in tree shape while black pine had triangle in the shape. With the results it can be said that in an artificial reforestation in denuded forest land of the mudstone region the adequate slit and enough amount of fertiliizer application must be provided for the succesful performance of the program. On integrated experimental results of 1972. for the establishment of ground vegetation on the completely denuded forest land in mudstone region, soiling could be effectively practiced with weathered mudstone soil and it would not specially necessiate to have either weathered granite or tuffssoil for the soiling. And the soiling depth should be more than 10 em in thickness. Among green materials used the straw mat proved to be the most effective reatment. Three major factors which enable to establish ground vegetation by the shortest period of time: A. Physical improvement of soil is necessary to breakdown of the horizontal cracks sushas Slit, contour line plot, seeding hole and etc., and soiling with weathered mudstone soil. B. Chemical improvement of soil: is needed sufficient amount of fertilizer application 300∼400kg ha, N÷P₂O_5÷K₂O), and increased production of ground covering and expedite resolution of the vegetation (ground vegetation

밤나무 시비시험 (施肥試驗) (Ⅰ) - 밤나무생장과 밤생산을 위한 비종별 (肥種別) 시비효과 -

정인구 ( In Koo Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.50 No.1

This study was conducted in order to obtain basic information for the development of a special compound fertilizer of the trials for chestnut tree cultivation in 1979-1980. Results were as follows: 1. Differences in growth performence after application of single, compound and special compound fertilizer was not significant, but fertilized showed more vigorous growth compared to control plots (without fertilizer). 2. Appearance of Chestnut strobile-drops was observed at: 62.2 % in control plots, 37-50 % in each single and compound fertilizer plots and in those with the double amount of compound fertilizer, 0.7 % in special compound fertilizer plots, 6.2 % in those with double amount of special compound fertilizer. 3. Riped strobiles were collected: 249 in compound fertilizer plots, 625 in special compound fertilizer plots, 391 in double amount of compound fertilizer plots, 816 in double amount of special compound fertilizer plots. 4. The production of chestnuts was: 4,662g in single fertilizer plots, 4,678g in compound fertilizer plots, 28,880g special compound fertilizer plots, l1,736g double amount of compound fertilizer plots, 33,073g double amount of special compound fertilizer plots. There was on significant differences of chestnut production between single fertilizer plots and compound fertilizer plot, but the production in double amount of special compound fertilizer plots was three time higher than in double amount of compound fertilizer plots. 5. The amount of chestnut production in 1980 dcereased compared to 1979 in single and compound fertilize plots due to shortage of sun light and high precipitation in the vegetation period but increased two times more in 1980 compared to 1979 in double amount of compound fertilizer and double amount of specific compound fertilizer plots. 6. Observation of these fertilizer-trial-plots will be continued during the next years in order to obtain more specific datas.

韓国山林士壌의 形態学的 및 理化学的性質과 낙엽송, 잣나무의 成長에 関한 硏究

鄭印九(In-Koo Chung) 한국토양비료학회 1980 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.12 No.4

의림지 축제에 관한 일고찰

정인구 ( In Koo Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1974 한국산림과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

U-Reuk, a laureate musician in the days of King Jin-Heung, Silla Dynasty, built the Eui Rim Reservoir about 1,400 years ago. This was one of the oldest man-made reservoir. The embankment of the reservoir collapsed by the clumsy artificial drainage on August 19, 1972 when the heavy rainfall of 462 mm/day caused a dangerous overflow of the reservoir. The result of the study on the mystic ancient embankment techniques are as follows: 1. Sandy loam derived from the weathering of granite which is the most widely distributed rock type in the area, was used in the embankment. Large size logs (embankment core) of 30-50㎝ in diameter were buried lengthwise along the embankment. 2. The six stocks of Pinus densiflora, 3 stocks of Quercus acutissima, 1 stock of Quercus variabilis and 1 stock of Popolus maximowiczii, altogether 11 stocks are identified. Forest types in the nearby area during the days of the reservoir construction seem to be includde a considerable number of Pinus densiflora, Quercus and Populus species. 3. The angle of repose of the earth materials is taken into account during the embankment. On top of the embankment double layers of clay (20-30 ㎝ indepth) were spread and consolidated. Layer of litter of 20-40 ㎝ in deep covered on the clay layer of the embankment completely, and another layer of clay was consolidated over the litter. Finally, a layer of stones of 10-30㎝ in diameter and clay (yellow soil layer) toped the embankment. 4. At the lower part of the embankment clay layer was thicker and became thinner as it goes upwards. At every layer, soil was consolidated and burned. When embankment was completed, it was covered evenly with heavy clay, and finally it was topped with general soil. 5. The heavy clay layer on the inner slope of the embankment showed gray phenomena and litter remained raw humus layer. The clay layer functioned as rubber in the water, and raw humus layer prevented water from seepages. Thus, the embankment was solidly built in this way. 6. The ancient embankment techniques used soils conveyed from nearby area taking the angle of repose into account. Once embankment was completed, clay and litter layers were added to have a plasticity and to withstand the water pressure. 7. It is an excellent technique that the reservoir was constructed with least labor for maximum effects while the recent embankment techniques requires a large amount of labor.

임지무육기술 (林地撫育技術) - 조림지 비배관리방법에 (肥培管理方法) 관하여 -

정인구 ( In Koo Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1979 한국산림과학회지 Vol.41 No.1