고온압출한AZ31마그네숨합금의압축변형중집합조직과미세조직의발달

정병조 ( Byung Jo Jung ),이명재 ( Myung Jae Lee ),박용범 ( Yong Bum Park ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2010 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.48 No.4

The development of textures and microstructures during plastic deformation in a hot-extruded AZ 31 Mg alloy was investigated using a compression test with such parameters as deformation temperature, strain rate. It was observed from true stress-strain curves that twinning involves changes of the flow stresses. In the early stages of deformation at temperatures lower than 200℃, the occurrence of twins resulted in a decrease of the work-hardening rate, which increased drastically at a true strain of -0.05. The evolution of the deformation textures were assessed with the aid of EBSD analyses in terms of the competition between twinning and slip activity. (Received November 26, 2009)

비단길과 한국불교

정병조(Jung Byung-Jo) 한국불교연구원 2008 불교연구 Vol.29 No.-

  Central to this paper is the ideological meaning and the contributions of the monks from Korea and western China through the Silk Road.<BR>  Buddhism was one of the popular ideas in western China, it could not develop its doctrines due to the geographical facts. Instead some sorcery ceremonies and rites were developed here. So Buddhism here became a sort of a religion for spiritual peace and enlightenment or for self-protection.<BR>  This is why India"s Esoteric Buddhism became to contain Lama"s Buddhist characteristics, when it came to western area.<BR>  Introduction of Buddhism to China and Korea and a number of monks searching Dharma through the Silk Road let Buddhism grow in ideological way. Buddhism helped Korea"s old nations form the base with its developed culture.<BR>  Considering the relation between Korea"s Buddhism and the Silk Road, the conclusions which can be drawn are these: 1) the ones who introduced Korea Buddhism were Indian monks, 2) Korea"s monks had particular purposes such as visiting sacred places, studying new sutras and traveling through the Silk Road and 3) most of them were respected for their ascetic practice.<BR>  Regarding most of the records on Buddhism of westernChina and the Silk Road rely on the Chinese authorized history, it is possible to see western Buddhism in a crooked view point.<BR>  But, so far the historical materials in Ho language are so rare that it is still hard to get the right view on western Buddhism.<BR>  The outcomes and the studies based on them of many research groups in Mid Asia link up with Buddhism in ancient Korea.<BR>  Given that the western region was a connection point between the East and the W est and had unique traditions, the study of Buddhism in this area is in need of more extensive research.<BR>  Moreover, considerable work needs to be done on the study of Esoteric Buddhism in this area.   본 논문에서는 실크로드를 넘나든 한국승려들과 서역승려들의 행적을 살펴보고, 그 사상적 의미를 살펴보았다.<BR>  서역 일대에서 가장 현저한 호응을 받았던 가르침의 하나가 불교였다. 다만 험난한 風土때문에 이 일대에서는 교리 위주의 불교가 발전할 수 없었다. 오히려 형식의례, 呪術儀禮에 치중하면서 불교를 安心立命내지는 護身의 절대적 가르침으로 이해하였다. 그렇기 때문에 인도의 밀교는 서역에 이르러 라마적 불교전통으로 바뀌어 수용하게 된다. 오늘날 비교적 현저하게 그 서역의 문화를 간직하고 있는 곳은 티베트 정도가 꼽힐 따름이다.<BR>  실크로드를 통한 중국과 한국의 불교 전래와 많은 스님들의 구법 활동은 불교 자체의 사상적인 면에 있어서도 획기적인 발전을 마련해 주었다. 또한 선진문화를 수용함에 따라 한국의 고대사회는 그 기본적인 틀을 마련할 수 있었다.<BR>  실크로드와 한국불교의 관련을 인물중심으로 살펴 볼 때, 다음과 같은 결론에 이른다. 첫째, 한국에 불교를 전한 이들은 대부분 인도승려였다는 점, 둘째, 한국 승려들이 실크로드를 따라 구법여행을 떠난 것은 성지 참배, 신학문수용, 경전수입 등의 목표가 있었다는 점, 셋째, 구법승려의 대부분은 두타행이 남다름으로써 존경을 모았다는 점 등이다.<BR>  실크로드와 관련된 서역불교의 사료들은 주로 중국의 西域經營 결과로 남아있는 正史의 기록이나 그 외의 한문 문헌 사료를 많이 이용할 수밖에 없다는 점에서 자칫 중국인들의 눈을 통해 본 佛敎史에 한정되기 쉬운 점도 부정할 수 없다. 그러나 현존하는 胡語관계의 사료들 그 수가 극히 적어서 서역불교의 전체모습을 가늠하기에는 여전히 역부족이다.<BR>  중앙아시아의 각 지역에서 행해졌거나 지금도 행해지고 있는 각국 학술조사단의 연구 성과 및 그들이 가져온 자료에 기초한 각 분야의 연구는 한국 불교의 전래와도 깊은 연관을 가진다. 동서문화 교류의 루트였고 독특한 전통체계를 지녔다는 점에서 서역불교에 관한 연구는 보다 심도있게 진행되어야 할 것이며, 아울러 지역적 특수성 때문에 일어날 수밖에 없었던 이 지역 불교의 밀교적 경향에 대해서도 좀 더 깊은 연구가 뒤따라야 한다고 생각한다.

임상 진단용 다목적 가변 편광 영상장치 개발

배영우,정병조,Bae, Young-Woo,Jung, Byung-Jo 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Polarization imaging systems have been widely used to selectively characterize skin lesions. Nevertheless, current systems are used in single-mode due to the limitations of a fixed polarization mode and a single-working distance of light source, in which uniform light distribution is achieved on target area. To address such limitations, we developed a variable polarization imaging system based on multi-working distance of light source for various clinical diagnoses. In this study, we characterize the imaging system and present experiment results demonstrating its clinical usefulness. The imaging system consists of a CCD color camera, linear polarization filters, and a single-layered LED ring light source which provides uniform light distribution at multi-working distances. The first polarizer was placed on the light source and the second polarizer placed on objective lens provides continuous linear polarization angle from $0^{\circ}\;to\;90^{\circ}$. The clinical efficacy of the imaging system was investigated by acquiring and analyzing clinical images of skin wrinkle and dental plaque. With the experiments, we verified the potential usefulness of the imaging system for other clinical applications.

피부병변의 정량적 평가를 위한 디지털 컬러 영상 시스템

한병관,정병조,Han, Byung-Kwan,Jung, Byung-Jo 대한의용생체공학회 2007 의공학회지 Vol.28 No.2

In this paper, we introduce a digital cross-polarization and fluorescent color imaging system for quantitative evaluation of skin lesions. We describe the characterization of the imaging systems and the quantitative image analysis methods to show the feasibility for quantitative evaluation of skin lesions. The polarization color image was used to compute erythema and melanin index image which are useful for quantitative evaluation of pigmentation and vascular skin lesions, respectively. The fluorescent color image was used to quantitatively evaluate "sebum" and "vitiligo". In quantitative evaluation of various skin lesions, we confirmed the clinical efficacy of the imaging systems for dermatological applications. Finally, we sure that the imaging systems can be utilized as important assistant tools for the evaluation of skin lesions by providing reproducible quantitative result for widely distributed skin lesions.

침구경략전위 측정에 의한 침 자극 반응 특성

류연항,정병조,이용흠,Ryu, Yeon-Hang,Jung, Byung-Jo,Lee, Yong-Heum 대한의용생체공학회 2008 의공학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Human body has a complete left and right symmetry structure, and the left and right balance by Yin and Yang. When the balance is broken, the left and right Meridian becomes abnormal condition. Acupuncture is a kind of therapy to recover from energy unbalance of the left and right Meridian to a new balance condition. In the study, we observed the electric potential along the stomach meridian (ST) in order to verify the energy consensus phenomenon by transportation of bio-energy between operator and subject during acupuncture. The acupuncture effects on opposite meridian site were investigated by comparing the electric potentials between the right and left ST sites. Meridian electrical potentials (MEPs) between operator and subject were simultaneously generated during the acupuncture and the polarity of MEPs was opposite. The results might imply the bio-energy transportation between operator and subject. In addition, we observed three different patterns of MEPs on both ST sites which might represent the condition of the related meridians because meridians in the body are organically interconnected.

피부의 특성 추출을 위한 가시광선 반사 스펙트럼의 역 추적 최적화 알고리즘 개선

최승호,임창환,정병조,Choi, Seung-Ho,Im, Chang-Hwan,Jung, Byung-Jo 한국광학회 2007 한국광학회지 Vol.18 No.3

In order to extract more accurate skin parameters, this study was focused on the improvement of the efficiency of a previous inverse fitting algorithm based on genetic algorithms. The algorithm provides the best fitting result of the diffusion approximation model to a VRS (visual reflectance spectroscopy) curve of skin. Simplex and wavelength selection methods were applied to the previous algorithm. Nine skin parameters were inversely extracted from the modeling studies. The revised inverse fitting algorithm was determined to produce an 83% reduction of computation time and a 0.64% reduction of sum of square error, compared to the previous algorithm. In conclusion, we confirmed that the new algorithm provides faster and more accurate solutions for the diffusion approximation model. 본 논문은 가시광선 반사 스펙트럼으로부터 피부조직의 광학적, 구조적 특성을 역 추출하는 알고리즘에 대한 연구를 다룬다. 본 연구에서는 유전알고리즘을 사용한 기존의 역 추적 최적화 알고리즘에 파장 선택법과 심플렉스법을 추가하여 알고리즘의 최적화 능력을 개선하였다. 파장 선택법은 기존 알고리즘에 사용된 135개의 파장 중 10개의 유효 파장만을 사용한 결과 계산시간이 83% 감소하였다. 심플렉스법을 사용해 유전알고리즘으로 얻은 근사적인 탐색 점으로부터 재 탐색을 수행하였고, 이를 통해 얻은 탐색 점의 SSE(sum of square error)는 기존 유전알고리즘 만으로 얻은 탐색 점이 가지는 SSE의 0.64%였다. 본 연구의 모델링 결과를 통해 개선된 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘에 비해 빠르고 정확한 해를 찾는다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

생체조직내 레이저 광 밀도 향상을 위한 압력 인가형 저출력 레이저 프로브

여창민,박정환,손태윤,이용흠,정병조,Yeo, Chang-Min,Park, Jung-Hwan,Son, Tae-Yoon,Lee, Yong-Heum,Jung, Byung-Jo 대한의용생체공학회 2009 의공학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Laser has been widely used in various fields of medicine. Recently, noninvasive low-level laser therapeutic medical devices have been introduced in market. However, low-level laser cannot deliver enough photon density to expect positive therapeutic results in deep tissue layer due to the light scattering property in tissue. In order to overcome the limitation, this study was aimed to develop a negative pressure applied low-level laser probe to optimize laser transmission pattern and therefore, to improve photon density in soft tissue. In order to evaluate the possibility of clinical application of the developed laser probe, ex-vivo experiments were performed with porcine skin samples and laser transmissions were quantitatively measured as a function of tissue compression. The laser probe has an air suction hole to apply negative pressure to skin, a transparent plastic body to observe variations of tissue, and a small metallic optical fiber guide to support the optical fiber when negative pressure was applied. By applying negative pressure to the laser probe, the porcine skin under the metallic optical fiber guide is compressed down and, at the same time, low-level laser is emitted into the skin. Finally, the diffusion images of laser in the sample were acquired by a CCD camera and analyzed. Compared to the peak intensity without the compression, the peak intensity of laser increased about $2{\sim}2.5$ times and FWHM decreased about $1.67{\sim}2.85$ times. In addition, the laser peak intensity was positively and linearly increased as a function of compression. In conclusion, we verified that the developed low-level laser probe can control the photon density in tissue by applying compression, and therefore, its potential for clinical applications.

Intense Pulsed Light의 안전성 및 성능평가를 위한 시험 항목 및 시험방법(안) 연구

강동연,손태윤,주예일,최응호,정병조,Kang, Dong-Yeon,Son, Tae-Yoon,Joo, Yea-Il,Choi, Eung-Ho,Jung, Byung-Jo 대한의용생체공학회 2010 의공학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Intense pulsed light(IPL) is a photo-therapeutic medical device using xenon lamps with optical characteristics of incoherence, defocusing, and polychromatic. IPL has been recognized as a representative medical therapeutic device with growth of domestic skin care market. However, there is no standard regulation manual and guideline to evaluate the safety and performance of IPL. International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC) is being statued "Technical Report IEC TR 60825-16" which is a guidelines for the safe use of intense light source equipment on humans and animals. In this study, a standard Korea Food & Drug Administration (KFDA) regulation for the safety and performance of IPL was suggested by developing minimal evaluation methods for optical parameters of IPL such as output energy density, pulse mode, spot size, wavelength and uniformity of output light. We expect that this study may be a step to statue a standard regulation manual and guideline for IPLs used in domestic.

음압자극에 대한 경락의 근전도 및 경혈의 수분도.탄성도 변화 분석

김수병,이나라,주예일,정병조,이용흠,Kim, Soo-Byeong,Lee, Na-Ra,Joo, Yea-Il,Jung, Byung-Jo,Lee, Yong-Heum 한국정보통신학회 2010 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.14 No.12

부항요법은 다양한 질환에 치료목적으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 부항에 대한 경락과 경혈의 상태 변화에 관한 연구가 전무한 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 부항자극에 대한 경락경혈의 상태변화를 분석하여 인체 전체에 미치는 파급효과를 확인하고자하였다. 이에 일정 음압(30kPa)으로 자극 가능한 시스템을 개발하였으며, 좌측 수태음폐경(LU)의 협백(LU4)과 척택(LU5)의 경락선상 중간지점을 자극하였다. 좌/우 수태음폐경의 경혈 및 비경혈에서 수분, 탄성도를 측정하였으며 상완이두박근에서 EMG 신호를 자극 전/후 측정하여 부항 요법이 인체에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 자극 전/후 수분의 변화는 12.49%로 미비하였으며, 탄성도는 64.42%로 높은 변화를 확인하였다. 또한, 경혈이 비경혈 보다 탄성도 변화가 많았으며, 좌측보다 우측에서의 탄성도 변화가 많이 관찰되었다. 좌/우 EMG 신호의 RMS와 Median Power가 유의하게 낮아졌으나 Median frequency에서는 유의성을 확인할 수 없었다. 따라서, 음압자극은 경락경혈의 탄성도 및 근전도 변화를 유도함으로써 인체 전체에 파급적 효과를 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. Cupping therapy has been used to extensive diseases. However, the research was yet to meridian and acupoint's change of state caused by Cupping. This study was considered a human-ripple effect by the anlaysis of meridian & acupoint's change of state. We developed the system which is keeps 30kPa Negative-pressure and stimulated on the Left Lung Meridian(LU) a halfway point between LU4 and LU5. We checked moisture and elasticity change on left/right acupoints & non-acupoints, then measured EMG Signal. We observed that moisture had little change(12.49%) and the better part of the elasticity on both sides had identified the change(64.42%). The number of the provoked acupoiunt elasticity change was more than non-acupoint. Also, elasticity change of Right side was more than Left side. We confirmed that RMS and Median Power change patterns were lower in proportional to the elastin change, but there was no significance about Median Frequency. Therefore inducing the change of elasticity and EMG signal on meridian-acupoints. Therefore, We checked the human-ripple effect Negative-pressure by the Cupping therapy.

고효율 나노면상발열체의 발열특성에 관한 연구

유경선(Kyung-Sun Yoo),정병조(Byung-Jo Jung),정인호(In-Ho Jung),현동훈(Dong-Hoon Hyun) 한국생산제조학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

This research suggests the semi-permanent heater for the nano-surface which can no have the oxidation and short circuit in the air or water, be heated up to 500degree instantly, control temperature, be coated to any surface such as freeform. If this technical development is possible, heating elements which is used that exiting heating, heater and sterilizing can be alternate device and apply new applied field and then have an effect on that open up a new field. Also, it'll be opportunity to leap international technology which is a low electric power, high efficiency, environment-friendly.