UASB-ABF 공정 내 알루미늄 첨가에 따른 질소 및 인 제거 효율 평가

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Suk Lim ),변병수 ( Byeong Su Byun ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2014 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2014 No.-

알루미늄전극과 산화철 여과를 이용한 하수 방류수 내 인의 제거

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Sook Lim ),변병수 ( Byeong Su Byun ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2014 建設技術論文集 Vol.33 No.1

인은 하천, 호소의 부영영화의 주요한 영양소이다. 2013년부터 하수 방류수 내 인은 2.0mg/L에서 0.2mg/L로 강화된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 알루미늄전극과 산화철 여과지로 하수 방류수 내 인 제거 실험을 수행하였다. 최적인자 도출을 위한 다양한 회분식 실험은 인공폐수를 사용하여 수행하였다. 알루이늄전극 전기분해에 대한 최적 전압과 HRT는 유입 인 농도 0.5~2.0mg/L에서 각각 20V, 120sec이었다. 따라서, 이때의 인 제거효율은 97.3%이었다. 알루미늄전극 전기분해와 산화철 여과에 의한 실제 하수 방류수 연속 운전에서는 인 제거효율이 각각 82.9%, 87.3%이었다. 결과적으로 알루미늄전극 전기분해와 산화철 여과지에서 98%의 안정적인 인 제거로 하수 방류가 가능하였다. 이러한 조합인 제거 공정은 0.2mg/L의 배출기준을 만족하엿다. Phosphorus is an important nutrient causing the eutrophication which decreases the valuse of rivers, lakes and estuaries. From 2013, the sewage effluent standard of the phosphorus is planning to strengthen from 2.0mg/L to 0.2mg/L. In this paper, the alurninium electrode and oxidized iron filtration were tested for the removal of phosphorus in sewage effluent. Several batch tests were also performed using the artificial wastewater to find the optimum operating conditions. Optimal voltge and HRT(hydraulic retention time)for aluminium electroysis were 20V and 120sec at influent phosphorus of 0.6~2.0mg/L, respectively. In these conditions, the phosphorus removal efficiency was 97.3%. On the continuous operation of the aluminium electrolysis and oxidized iron filtration with actual sewage effluent the phosphorus removal efficiency were 82.9% and 87.3%, respectively. Finally, stable 98% phosphorus removal was possible from the effluent of sewage with both aluminium electrode and oxidized iron filtration. These combined phosphorus removal processes are suitable to meet the effluent standards, 0.2mg/L.

동시 질산화-탈질(SND) 반응을 적용한 MBR 반응조에서 질소 및 인 제거 특성

전동걸(Dong Jie Tian),임현숙(Hyun Suk Lim),안찬현(Chan Hyun An),이봉규(Bong Gyu Lee),전항배(Hang Bae Jun),박찬일(Chan Il Park) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.10

동시 질산화 탈질은 미세 용존 산소하에 한 반응조내에서 일어난다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 인 방출을 위해 공기가 공급되는 MBR 전단에 혐기성 존을 만들어주었으며, 높은 DO 농도에서 탈질효율을 향상시켜 주기 위해서는 MBR 내에 배플을 설치하여 무산소 존이 이루어지게 하였다. 그리고 인 제거를 위한 테스트는 MBR 전단의 혐기성 반응조에 알럼 응집제를투입하여 수행하였다. 질소 제거를 위한 SND의 최적 DO 농도 도출은 MBR 내 DO 농도를 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L의 다양한조건에서의 운전을 통해 수행하였다. 심지어 높은 알칼리성 하수라 알럼 응집제를 투입하였을 때 알칼리 용액 첨가 없이도 pH 는 7.0~8.0로 유지되었다. TCODcr와 NH₄+-N의 제거 효율은 모든 DO 농도에서 90% 이상이었다. DO 농도 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75mg/L에서의 TN 제거효율은 각각 50, 51, 54, 66%이었다. DO 농도 0.75 mg/L 조건에서 알럼을 첨가한 결과 TN 제거효율은 54%로 감소하였다. 혐기성 반응조에 알럼을 투입한 결과 TP 제거효율은 29%에서 95%로 향상되었다. 그리고 알럼 투입 후 분리막모듈의 화학적 세정 주기는 15~20일부터 40~50일으로 늘어났다. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) occurs concurrently in the same reactor under micro dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions. Anaerobic zone was applied for phosphorus release prior to an aerated membrane bio-reactor (MBR), and anoxic zone was installed by placing a baffle in the MBR for enhancing denitrification even in high DO concentration in the MBR. Phosphorus removal was tested by alum coagulation in the anaerobic reactor preceding to MBR. DO concentration were 2.0,1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L in the MBR at different operating stages for finding optimum DO concentration in MBR for nitrogen removal by SND. pH was maintained at 7.0~8.0 without addition of alkaline solution even with alum addition due to high alkalinity in the raw sewage. Both TCODcr and NH₄+-N removal efficiency were over 90% at all DO concentration. TN removal efficiencies were 50, 51, 54, 66% at DO concentration of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.75 mg/L, respectively. At DO concentration of 0.75 mg/L with addition of alum, TN removal efficiency decreased to 54%. TP removal efficiency increased from 29% to 95% by adding alum to anaerobic reactor. The period of chemical backwashing of the membrane module increased from 15~20 days to 40~50 days after addition of alum.

마그네슘 및 칼슘 이온이 알루미늄 응집에 의한 인 제거에 미치는 영향

전동걸(Dong Jie Tian),이범(Beom Lee),이영주(Young Ju Lee),전항배(Hang Bae Jun) 大韓環境工學會 2011 대한환경공학회지 Vol.33 No.4

본 연구는 알루미늄 응집에 의한 인 제거 공정에 마그네슘 및 칼슘과 같은 2가의 금속이온을 첨가하였을 경우 인의 응집특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 인을 제거하기 위한 최적 알루미늄 응집 pH는 약 5~6 사이이며, 그 이상 pH에서는 TP 제거효율이 감소하였다. 마그네슘이나 칼슘과 같은 2가의 금속이온을 알루미늄 응집공정에 함께 사용할 경우 pH 6 이상에서도 TP 및 HnPO₄(n-3) 제거효율은 안정적으로 95% 이상을 유지하였다. 응집초기 Al³⁺/HnPO₄(n-3) (Al/P) 몰비가 3 이상에서 TP 제거효율이 80% 이상 높게 유지되었으며, 응집 후 잔류 TP 농도를 0.2 mg/L 이하로 제어하기 위해서는 Al/P 몰비는 약 6 이상이었다. 마그네슘이나 칼슘 이온을 알루미늄 응집공정에 함께 사용할 경우 TP 제거를 위한 최적의 알루미늄 대비 마그네슘 및 칼슘 이온의 몰비(Al³⁺/Mg2+ or CA₂+)는 모두 2이었다. 알루미늄 응집공정에 마그네슘이나 칼슘 이온을 함께 사용하면, 동일한 양의 TP를 제거하기 위한 알루미늄 응집제 주입량이 감소하였고, 결과적으로 최종 슬러지 발생량도 감소하였다. The effects of magnesium and calcium ions on phosphorus removal by aluminium coagulation were investigated with various jar tests using settled raw sewage. Maximum TP (total phosphate) removal occurred at pH around 5~6 with aluminium coagulation, and it decreased above pH 6. TP and HnPO₄(n-3) removal efficiencies, however, were kept above 95% at pH above 6 by adding the divalent metallic ions like magnesium or calcium ions on aluminium coagulation process. At molar ratio of Al/P (Al³⁺/HnPO₄(n-3)) above 3, TP removal efficiency was as high as 80%, and residual TP less than 0.2 mg/L occurred at Al/P ratio above 6. TP removal efficiency was improved by adding magnesium or calcium ions and the optimum Al³⁺/Mg2+ and Al³⁺/CA₂+ ratios were about 2. The required dose of aluminium coagulant was reduced for equivalent amount of TP removal by adding magnesium or calcium ions, as a result sludge generation was also reduced.

하수슬러지를 이용한 혐기성소화조에서 미생물 전기화학기술의 역할

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),이범 ( Beom Lee ),박준규 ( Jun Gye Park ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Microbial electrochemical technology (MET) has recently been studied to improve the efficiency of a traditional anaerobic digestion (AD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of MET in the system when MET was combined with traditional AD (i.e., AD-MET). Electrodes used in the MET were Cu coated graphite electrodes. They were supplied with a voltage of 0.3 V. AD started to generate methane in 80 days. But AD-MET started to generate methane from the initial operation after the system started. It was observed that AD-MET reached steady state faster and produced higher methane yield than AD. During the steady state, the average daily methane productions in AD and AD-MET were 2.3L/d and 4.9L/d, respectively. Methane yields were 0.07-CH4/gㆍCODre in AD and 0.25L-CH4/gㆍCODre in AD-MET. In AD-MET, the production rates of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were 0.12 mg TVFAs/mg VSㆍd and 0.35 mg SCOD/mg VSㆍd, respectively. They were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in AD. However, the concentrations of residual TVFAs in both systems were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from each other, confirming that methane conversion in AD-MET was greater than that in AD.

혐기성 하수처리공정에서 UASB HRT에 따른 유기물질 제거특성

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Suk Lim ),이봉규 ( Bong Gyu Lee ),임병서 ( Byung Seo Lim ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국수처리학회 2014 한국수처리학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The effect of UASB HRT (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket hydraulic retention time) on the removal of organic matter was investigated in a UASB-ABF (aerated bio-filter) anaerobic sewage treatment system at 3 different HRTs (72, 25 and 3hr). 30% of the influent TCOD was SCOD, and the last 70% was SSCOD of the raw sewage flowing into the primary sedimentation basin. 82% of the influent TCOD was removed in 72 hr UASB(caseⅠ), and 78mL of methane gas was produced per removed grams of COD. Similar TCOD removal occurred in caseⅡ, the UASB HRT of 25hr, while 71% of the influent TCOD was removed in caseⅢ, with a UASB HRT of 3hr. Methane gas did not produced enough to be measured in both caseⅡ and caseⅢ. Unlike TCOD removal, SS and turbidity removal occurred effectively in caseⅢ. About 40% of influent SCOD was removed by UASB at caseⅠ and caseⅡ, however, little SCOD was removed in caseⅢ. Almost 70% of influent TCOD was wasted as the raw sludge from UASB in caseⅢ.

마그네슘 및 칼슘 이온이 알루미늄 응집에 의한 인 제거에 미치는 영향

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),이범 ( Bum Lee ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2011 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-

UASB를 이용한 혐기성 하수처리공정에서 ABF 유출수 반송에 따른 유기물질과 질소 및 인 제거

전동걸(Dong Jie Tian),변병수(Byeong Su Byun),임현숙(Hyun Suk Lim),전항배(Hang Bae Jun) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.5

UASB-ABF (Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket-aerated bio-filter) 시스템을 이용한 하수의 혐기성처리 방법에서 질소와 인을 제거하는 공법에 대하여 연구하였다. 160일간의 UASB-ABF 시스템을 운영한 결과 유출수 반송을 통하여 TCOD뿐만 아니라, TN과 TP를 효율적으로 제거할 수 있었다. 무반송의 경우 UASB 반응조에서 유기물 제거효율은 64%에 머물었으나, 반송률 120%, 180%, 240%로 증가한 결과 각각 92%, 95%, 96%로 향상되었다. 반송률 180% 이상에서는 유기물 제거효율 증가폭은 크지 않았다. ABF 유출수 반송으로 TN 제거효율이 크게 향상되었다. TN 제거효율은 무반송 조건일 때 18%에서 82%로 향상되었으며, UASB에서 지속적인 유기물질 제거로 인하여 ABF에서 질산화효율은 안정적으로 95% 이상으로 타나났다. ABF유출수 반송으로 TP 및 PO₄3- -P 제거효율이 모두 향상되었다. TP의 경우 무반송에서는 거의 제거되지 않았으나, 반송률이 120%, 180%, 240%에서는 각각 51%, 63%, 71%로 향상되었고, 주로 UASB에서 제거되었다. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal was investigated in an UASB-ABF (Up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket - aerated bio- filter) anaerobic sewage treatment system. Successful removal of nitrogen and phosphorus with organic matters was possible in the UASB-ABF system from the results of 160 days operation with the influent raw domestic sewage. Removal efficiencies of organic matter (as TCOD) showed 64% in UASB without recycle of the ABF effluent, however, they increased to 92%, 95%, 96% with 120%, 180% and 240% recycle of the ABF effluent, respectively. Increasement of the organic matter removal was not prominent at recycle ratio above 180%. Apparent increase in TN removal occurred with recycle of the ABF effluent. TN removal efficiency was 18% without recycle, but it increased to 82% with 240% recycle of the ABF effluent. And stable nitrification above 95% was possible as a result of efficient removal of organic matter in the UASB with and without recycle of the effluent. Removal of both TP and PO₄3- -P also increased remarkably with recycle of the effluent. Without recycle of the effluent, that is at strict anaerobic condition in UASB, TP was not removed, however, its removal efficiency increased to 51%, 63%, 71% at recycle ratios of 120%, 180%, 240%, respectively mainly at UASB.

마그네슘과 칼슘 응집제가 하수 응집에 미치는 영향

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),이범 ( Beom Lee ),배종훈 ( Jong Hoon Bae ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 한국물환경학회 ( 구 한국수질보전학회 ) 2010 공동 추계학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.-

생물학적 처리공정 내 AI(Ⅲ)계와 Fe(Ⅲ)계의 화학적 응집제 투입에 따른 인제거

전동걸 ( Dong Jie Tian ),임현숙 ( Hyun Sook Lim ),이준상 ( Joon Shang Lee ),전항배 ( Hang Bae Jun ) 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2014 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1

This study compared the coagulation characteristics by coagulant through inputting A1(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅲ) to each unit process of biological sewage treatment processes. IN addition, this study attempted to derive the optimal operating conditions in consideration of economic feasibility. The input dose of coagulant for removal effective of phosphorus was found to be ranked in a descending order as follow: anaerobic > influent > anoxic > aerobic > effluent. In effluent with few or no suspended solids, the molar ratios for phosphors removal of A1(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅲ) were 1.2 and 1.24 respectively. These ratios were 15 or 20 times lower than those of anoxic and aerobic processes. The amount of sludge production was found to do ranked in a descending order as follows: anaerobic > anoxic > aerobic > influent > effluent, and this could be considered attributable to concentration of both suspended solids and phosphorus of each reactor. Thus, sludge was produced the most in anaerobic.