광각 이미지에 대한 시각적 기억의 왜곡

장필식,Jang, Phil-Sik 대한인간공학회 2007 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Viewers remember seeing more of the scene than was present in the physical input: an illusion known as boundary extension. This study examined the aspects of the distortion by presenting 69 subjects with wide-angle views of four scenes. Results of recognition and reproduction test showed that the boundary extension is not a unidirectional phenomenon. On the contrary, boundary restriction and foreground extension were observed with extreme wide-angle views of scenes. Results support the hypothesis that boundary restriction and foreground extension were mediated by the activation of a memory schema during picture perception.

Web 기반의 감성평가를 활용한 전기자동차 익스테리어 디자인

장필식,최출헌,Jang, Phil-Sik,Choi, Chool-Heon 대한인간공학회 2006 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.25 No.4

Consumer satisfaction and feelings with form play an essential role in determining the success of a product. However, contemporary industrial design processes typically employ designer driven, intuitive methods for generating and evaluating form concepts. This paper describes the implementation process of web based design support system that helps assess customer's feelings or sensibilities of forms created in each stages of design process. The present web based approach provides designers with fast and various feedbacks about their design in each stage by using assessment with object VR and web 3D as well as ordinary 2D images. Practical application for exterior design of electric vehicle was illustrated and the further refinement of the design support system was discussed.

Uncanny Valley 가설에 대한 실험적 접근

장필식,Jang, Phil-Sik 대한인간공학회 2007 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

The uncanny valley is a hypothesis about robotics concerning the emotional response of humans to robots and other non-human entities. Although it stands today as one of the robots and synthetic characters, the uncanny valley was speculative and few studies have been performed to test the theory. In two experiments, a total of 183 participants were employed to explore this hypothesis. The results of experiment 1 indicate that the perceived human likeness of a robot is not a key factor causing uncanny valley. And the results of experiments 2 suggest that even if the appearance and motion of a robot become fully human, the emotional response of humans could not reach human-human empathy levels.

감성이 시각적 이미지의 색감기억에 미치는 영향

장필식(Phil Sik Jang) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the quantitative effects of various emotions and retention periods on the color vividness of visual memory. Background: Although numerous studies have focused on the effects of emotions on memory such as visual detail and vividness of emotional events compared to neutral events, the relationship between emotion and visual memory is ambiguous yet. Furthermore, there were few studies on the effect of emotion on vividness of visual memory. Method: A total of 68 subjects were participated in serial experiments proceed on online and the experiments had two phases: recognition phase and reproduction phase. The 15 photographs were used as visual stimuli and all experiments were conducted over the internet(experiment website) and the results were collected on the web database. Results: The retention period, sleep-arousal emotion and subjective saturation of visual stimuli had a significant effect on the color vividness of visual memory. Conclusion: The results suggested that the color of visual stimulus might be more vividly remembered when it is arousing, the subjective saturation is higher and the retention period is longer. Application: The findings of this study may help clarify the relationship between human emotions and visual memory.

트위터 이용자의 언어권별 자기노출 및 경계 불투과성

장필식(Phil-Sik Jang) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구에서는 빅데이터 분석기법을 이용하여 트위터 이용자들을 대상으로 언어에 따른 자기노출과 경계불투과성에 대한 양상을 파악하였다. 6개월 동안 5천4백만 명의 트위터 이용자가 작성한 4억여 개의 트윗을 수집하였으며, 이들 중 트윗 수 상위 10개 언어권 이용자의 프로파일 및 관련 데이터를 조사하였다. 이를 통해 트위터 이용자의 언어가 이용자 프로파일, 프로파일 이미지, 지리정보, URL, 사용자 설명 등 자기정보 공개 항목의 공개비율과 경계불투과성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 경계 불투과성과 자기노출비율(프로파일, 프로파일 이미지, URL, 이용자 설명, 지리정보)은 언어권에 따라 각각 통계적으로 유의한 (p<0.001) 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 자기노출 비율과 평균 점수는 포르투갈어, 인도네시아어 및 스페인어 이용자가 아랍어, 일본어, 터키어, 한국어 이용자에 비해 높은 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 리트윗을 포함한 트윗 수가 많은 이용자일수록 경계 불투과성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. Using bigdata analysis procedures, the present study sought to review and explore the various aspects of self-disclosure and boundary impermeability of worldwide twitter users. A total of 415 million tweets issued by 54 million users were collected during 6 months and the users of top 10 languages were investigated. And the effect of languages of twitter users on the boundary impermeability, disclosure rate of user profile, profile image, geographical information, URL in profile and user description were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the boundary impermeability and all the self-disclosure rates of twitter users (profile, profile image, geographical information, URL in profile, user description) were significantly (p<0.001) different among language groups of users. The self-disclosure rates and the average points of Portuguese, Indonesian and Spanish users were higher than those of Arabic, Japanese, Turkish and Korean users. The results also showed a positive relationship between boundary impermeability and the number of tweets (including retweets) issued by each users.

Social Media Data를 이용한 Uncanny Valley 현상의 언어권 별 차이 분석

장필식(Phil Sik Jang),정우현(Woo Hyun Jung),현주석(Joo-Seok Hyun) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

Objective: The present study investigated different perceptions of the uncanny valley phenomenon according to linguistic and cultural differences and difference in user sentiment concerning android and artificial intelligence (AI). Background: The uncanny valley phenomenon is recognized as an important design factor that must be considered in robots, androids, computer graphics, and animation production fields. Method: English, Japanese, and Korean tweets on Android and AI were collected. Sentiment analysis and text analysis were performed on this social media data. Results: The results showed that English users have higher rate of negative responses to androids that have appearances similar to humans compared to Japanese users; the English users use more negative expressions (adjectives). Conclusion: This implies that uncanny valley phenomenon can vary according to linguistic and cultural differences in participants and that these linguistic and cultural differences must be considered when researching and applying the uncanny valley phenomenon. Application: The results of this study could be used as empirical and quantitative data for developing design guidelines of human-friendly androids and CG contents that overcome uncanny valley phenomenon.

목표지향적 행위와 경험지향적 행위 시의 플로우(Flow) 경험에 대한 연구

장필식(Phil-Sik Jang) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2007 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 인간-컴퓨터 상호작용에서 목표지향(goal-directed) 행위와 경험지향적(experiential) 행위 시플로우(flow) 경험의 양상을 파악하기 위하여 다양한 차원의 척도를 이용하여 플로우 경험을 측정하고 분석하였다. 50명의 남성과 18명의 여성 피실험자가 문제해결 과제 수행 시의 플로우 경험에 대한 비교실험에 참여하였다. 연구결과, 피실험자들은 경험지향적인 경우 더 많은 호기심과 집중(몰입)을 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 목표지향적일 때 경험지향적인 경우보다 과제 자체와 과제수행 과정에서 더 많은 재미를 느끼는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 인간-컴퓨터 상호작용에서 플로우 이론의 활용을 위해서는 무엇보다 플로우 경험에 대한 좀더 정량적이며 객관적인 측정척도 및 통합척도의 개발과 이에 대한 검증 연구가 필요함을 보여준다. The focus of this study was to investigate whether flow occurs during both goal-directed and experiential activities, if experiential and goal-directed flow states differ in terms of various measures and dimensions. Fifty male and eighteen female subjects were participated in controlled, comparative experiment between goal-directed and experiential activities in problem-solving tasks. The findings indicate that subjects experience more curiosity and involvement (focus) in problem solving tasks with experiential activities. However, the results showed subjects experience more enjoyment in tasks with goal-directed activities. Findings of this study suggested that more sophisticated and quantitative measures in various dimensions should be constructed and verified in order to apply flow theory to human-computer interaction.

컴퓨터 이러닝에서 학습만족도와 자기주도성, 플로우(Flow)경험 간의 관계

장필식(Phil-Sik Jang) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2012 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 웹상에서 이루어지는 컴퓨터 교과목 이러닝에서, 학습자의 학습만족도와 자기주도성, 플로우(flow) 경험의 연관관계를 파악하고, 경로분석을 활용하여 이들 요인간의 인과관계를 분석, 규명하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기존 이론 연구들을 바탕으로 학습만족도를 종속변인으로 하고 자기주도성과 플로우 경험을 독립, 매개변인으로 하는 구조모형을 기초로 하여, 각 요인의 하위 구성요인 간의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 총 193명 학생의 데이터가 분석에 이용되었으며, 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. : 1. 학습자의 자기주도성은 플로우 경험을 매개변인으로 하여 학습만족도에 간접적으로 유의한(p<.01) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 플로우 경험은 학습만족도에 직접적으로 유의한(p<.01) (p<.01) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다; 2. 자기주도성의 7개 하위 구성요인 중 '독창적 접근', '학습에 대한 사랑', '학습자적 신념' 등이 플로우 경험을 매개로 하여 학습만족도에 양(+)의 방향으로 간접적으로 유의한(p<.01) 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 플로우 경험의 9개 하위 구성요인 중 '명확한 목표' 요인이 학습만족도에 양의 방향으로 직접적으로 유의한(p<.01) 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship among the variables related learner's satisfaction, flow experience and self-directedness and verify the path model of causal relationship among those variables in web based computer e-learning. Based on the theoretical rationale, we hypothesized the path model including learner's satisfaction as outcome variable, flow experience and self-directedness as causal and mediating variables. A total of 193 students were participated in this study and the main results showed as follows: 1. Learner's self-directedness showed significant (p<.01), indirect effect on learner's satisfaction mediated by flow experience and the flow experience showed significant (p<.01), direct effect on learner's satisfaction; 2. Among 7 constructs of self-directedness, 'creative approach', 'love of learning', 'self-confidence as a learner' showed significant (p<.01), indirect effects on learner's satisfaction mediated by 'clear goals' construct among flow experience.

성별, 사용자 활성 수준에 따른 SNS 감성표현 차이 연구

장필식(Phil-Sik Jang) 대한인간공학회 2019 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.38 No.2

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine the sentiment expression according to gender and user activity level with a particular focus on the social networking site of Twitter. Background: With the vast and ever-growing popularity of social networking services, sentiment analysis on SNS has become widely used in data science for analysis of user`s feedback and opinion mining. Method: The messages posted from 13.4 million twitter users (6.9 million male users) for 11 months were analyzed and the message polarity, sentiment strength and the type (evaluative/factual) of messages were explored. Results: The results showed that the average sentiment strength of female users was significantly (p <0.01) higher than that of male users and the average sentiment strength of highly active male users was lowest among groups. It also showed that the highly active male users tend to post more negative messages than other groups and female users express significantly more positive sentiment than male users for both highly and less active user levels. Conclusion: It implies that the gender and activity level differences of users should be considered in sentiment analysis on social media data to gain valuable insights. Application: The results of this study could be used as quantitative, empirical data and design guidelines for developing sentiment analysis and opinion mining systems on SNS.

소셜 미디어에서의 사용자 성별, 사용자 그룹과 자기노출간의 연관성 연구

장필식(Phil-Sik Jang) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.4

In recent years the privacy issue on social media is often being discussed. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among user gender, user group according to user activity level (highly active vs less active) and self-disclosure in social media. We collected a total of 180 million tweets issued by 13 million twitter users for 12 months and investigated attributes of tweet (user"s profile, profile image, description, geographic information, URL) which are related to self-disclosure and boundary impermeability. The results show there are significant (p<0.001) interactions between user gender, user group and each attribute of tweet that are related to self-disclosure and show that the patterns of self-disclosure are different across attributes. The results also show that the mean self-disclosure scores and boundary impermeability of top 10% highly active users are significantly higher than other less active users for all genders.