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- 저자 : 임현교(Hyeon-Kyo Lim) (검색결과 51 건)
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사고 유발 불안전행동의 위반 여부에 대한 객관적 판단절차 개발
임현교,함승언,박건영,이용희,Lim, Hyeon Kyo,Ham, Seung Eon,Bak, Geon Yeong,Lee, Yong Hee 한국안전학회 2022 한국안전학회지 Vol.37 No.2
When an accident occurs, the associated human activity is typically regarded as a "human error," or a temporal deviation. On the other hand, if the accident results in a serious loss or if it evokes a social issue, the person determined to be responsible may be punished with a "violation" of related laws or regulations. However, as Heinrich stated, it is neither appropriate nor reasonable in terms of probability theory and cognitive science to distinguish whether it is a "human error" or a "violation" with a criterion of resultant accident severity. Nonetheless, some in society get on the social climate to strengthen regulations on workers who have caused accidents, especially violations. This response can present a social issue due to the lack of systematic judgment procedure which distinguishes violations from human errors. The purpose of this study was to develop an objective and systematic procedure to assess whether workers' activities which induced industrial accidents should be categorized as violations rather than human errors. Various analysis techniques for the determination of violation procedure were investigated and compared using an analysis approach method. An appropriate technique was not found, however, for judging the culpability of intentional violations. As an alternative, this study developed the process of creating violations, based on cognitive procedure, as well as the criteria to determine and categorize an activity as a violation. In addition, the developed procedure was applied to cases of industrial accidents and nuclear power plant issues to test its practical applicability. The study demonstrated that the proposed model could be used to determine the existence of a violation even in the case of multiple workers who work simultaneously.
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임현교,함승언,박건영,이용희,Lim, Hyeon Kyo,Ham, Seung Eon,Bak, Geon Yeong,Lee, Yong Hee 한국안전학회 2022 한국안전학회지 Vol.37 No.3
Conventionally, all the unsafe acts by human beings in relation to industrial accidents have been regarded as unintentional human errors. Exceptionally, however, in the cases with fatalities, seriously injured workers, and/or losses that evoked social issues, attention was paid to violating related laws and regulations for finding out some people to be prosecuted and given judicial punishments. As Heinrich stated, injury or loss in an accident is quite a random variable, so it can be unfair to utilize it as a criterion for prosecution or punishment. The present study was conducted to comprehend how categorizing intentional violations in unsafe acts might disrupt conventional conclusions about the industrial accident process. It was also intended to seek out the right direction for countermeasures by examining unsafe acts comprehensively rather than limiting the analysis to human errors only. In an analysis of 150 industrial accident cases that caused fatalities and featured relatively clear accident scenarios, the results showed that only 36.0% (54 cases) of the workers recognized the situation they confronted as risky, out of which 29.6% (16 cases) thought of the risk as trivial. In addition, even when the risks were recognized, most workers attempted to solve the hazardous situations in ways that violated rules or regulations. If analyzed with a focus on human errors, accidents can be attributed to personal deviations. However, if considered with an emphasis on safety rules or regulations, the focus will naturally move to the question of whether the workers intentionally violated them or not. As a consequence, failure of managerial efforts may be highlighted. Therefore, it was concluded that management should consider unsafe acts comprehensively, with violations included in principle, during accident investigations and the development of countermeasures to prevent future accidents.
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임현교 ( Hyeon Kyo Lim ),김홍영 ( Hong Young Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2013 한국안전학회지 Vol.28 No.3
Problem solving and/or decision making process usually encountered in human living consists of a sequence of human behaviors based upon his/her knowledge. Thus, Rasmussen introduced Skill-Rule-Knowledge paradigm to countermeasure human errors that can occur in Nuclear Power Plants. Unfortunately however, it was not so easy as expected since objective evidence have not been obtainable with conventional research techniques. With the help of EEG band pawer ratio techniques, this study tried to get psycho-physiological symptoms of human errors, if any, while human beings perform knowledge-based behaviors such as simple arithmetic computations with different difficulty level. A set of simulated works was carried out with a computer station. Four kinds of arithmetic computation tasks were given to 10 health male under-graduate students on different day individually, and during the experiment, EEG and ECG was measured continuously for objective psycho-physiological analysis. According to the results, α/(α+β) as well as α/β band power ratio were sensitive to task difficulty level which consistently decreased both. However, any one of them failed to reveal the influence of tasks with different difficulty level in the aspect of task duration time. One the contraty, Heart Rate Variability was more suggestive than expected. To make a conclusion, it can be said that band power of EEG waves will be helpful in not only assessment of work difficulty level but also assessment of workers′ skill development if supported by cardiac function such as HRV.
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퍼지추론을 이용한 해체공정 중 리스크 요인의 통합 평가
임현교 ( Hyeon Kyo Lim ),김현정 ( Hyun Jung Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2014 한국안전학회지 Vol.29 No.4
Decommissioning process of nuclear facilities consist of a sequence of problem solving activities, because there may exist notonly working environments contaminated by radiological exposure but also industrial hazards such as fire, explosions, toxic materials,and electrical and physical hazards. Therefore, not a few countries in the world have been trying to develop appropriate countertechniques in order to guarantee safety and efficiency of the process. In spite of that, there still exists neither domestic nor internationalstandard. Unfortunately, however, there are few workers who experienced decommissioning operations a lot in the past. As a solution, itis quite necessary to utilize experts’ opinions for risk assessment in decommissioning process. As for an individual hazard factor, riskassessment techniques are getting known to industrial workers with advance of safety technology, but the way how to integrate thoseresults is not yet. This paper aimed to find out an appropriate technique to integrate individual risk assessment results from the viewpointof experts. Thus, on one hand the whole risk assessment activity for decommissioning operations was modeled as a sequence ofindividual risk assessment steps which can be classified into two activities, decontamination and dismantling, and on the other, a riskassessment structure was introduced. The whole model was inferred with Fuzzy theory and techniques, and a numerical example wasappended for comprehension.
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소비자 제품과 관련된 휴먼에러의 예방을 위한 제품안전활동
임현교(Hyeon?Kyo Lim),고병인(Byung?In Ko) 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.1
Consumer products are produced on the premise that consumers can use their products safely and effectively no matter how serious human errors they may make. However, different careers and educational experiences of them may induce diverse human errors when they want to use them. In that sense, not a few policies to reduce human errors may show some implications for human error prevention and industrial design of consumer products. In this paper, producers' safety efforts required by Product Liability(PL) Act were reviewed in view of human error prevention, and legal aspects of manufacturers' responsibility for consumer products were discussed in relation to Product Liability Act. Then, principal approaches for them were introduced under the title of System Safety Precedence. After that, major key points for preventing human errors related with consumer products - such as ergonomic design and effective labeling - were discussed with reference to ISO standards. Therefore, it was shown that all the efforts required by PL Act would be correspondent to human error prevention in the whole manufacturing processes if understood by ergonomists. To make a conclusion, it could be said that, for human error prevention, the principle of System Safety Precedence would be indispensable, and that all the efforts for preventing human errors should be systematically organized in Product Safety Management Systems.
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임현교(Hyeon-Kyo Lim),나미령(Meiling Luo),김동균(Dong-Gyun Kim),김홍영(Hong-Young Kim) 대한인간공학회 2010 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.29 No.4
Automobile-related industries have been a few of leading ones among domestic industries reporting high rates of musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD's). In this paper, major ergonomic aspects of automobile-related works were reviewed with reference to WMSD's. According to the result, high repeatability of works with as short as 1 minute or less, awkward postures required, excessive forces, and vibrations due to power tools were drawn out as major physical factors. To eliminate or mitigate those factors - at least in automobile-related industries - ergonomic approach has tried for more than a decade. With all, however, ergonomists still seem to confront with several problems to be solved such as development of appropriate assessment tools, enhancement of work improvement activities, system establishment for continuous prevention and management of WMSD's. As lots of previous researches declared, it was concluded that ergonomic approach would collaborate with other approaches such as ndustrial medicine considering physical factors as well as psychosocial factors, and that the necessity of an integrated Occupational Safety and Health Management System(OHSMS) was mentioned.
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