中國農村小數民族女性健康權之法律保障硏究

이옥자 ( Yu Zi Li ) 아세아여성법학연구소 2005 아세아여성법학 Vol.8 No.-

Health is one of the fundamental rights of human. To protect the health right of women is essential to women`s health , and concerns the sustaining and stable social development in China. China has a population of 1300 million. Among themm, over 900 million are farmers, half of which are women. The health condition and development of women in rural areas of China not only influents the future development in such areas directly, but also affects the development of the whole country. China carries out the policy of development of west areas to maintain the sustaining and stable social development in the beginning of 21 century. Most of Chinese minorities gather in western rural areas of China. The project to develop western areas does not work without the development of woman-minority that mainly bases on the degree of health of such women. To protext health and the health right of woman-minority in China is groundwork in the development of the whole areas and a key point in the great project of development of western areas. <Beijing Declaration> which announced by the 4th worold woment forum of UN in Beijing in 1995 emphasizes that it should insure the equal opportunity and treatment of edutation and health care between men and women, and enhance the sexual and procreative health of women and the education of sex and procreate (Art.30). Part 4 of <the development program of Chinese Women in 2001-2002> provides "women and health", specifies the main goal of guaranteeing the basic hygienic service to Chinese women and enhancing the health degree and length of anticipated life of women. The protection of the health right of women inrural areas of China is still in the "gray area" according to the investigation. The investigation of poverty population shows: illness not only means exhaustion of family saving, but also countless debts. The main reason causing poverty in such case i s there is no integratedsocial security system in rural areas in China. The fundamentalaction to protect the health right of woman in rural areas is to establish social health service and health care system, to integrate heygienic legal system, and to enforce the social health service legally. Secondly, procreation is the only way for human to continue while women paly crucial rples in this progress. The women`s health determines the future health of the whole nationality. To ensure propagation and enhance the quality of the population, women`s health must be protected. However, the provreative health of woman minority in rural areas in China is threatened by the behindhand medical condition; the health right is violated because of lacking independence, and of the obsolete mind which says "men is superior than women". To protect these women`s procreative health, people`s idea must be renovated. Meanwhile, the administration of Planned Parenthood should be emphasized and the interrelated services should be enhanced. Furthemore, family violence is something like cancer thatis the main cassation of death and isability of woman minority. The cases of amily violence naver go to end, and women`s hlysical and psychological health is greatly injured. Meanwhile, the forgiveness from the victims and spciety and the inmaturity of the legal system makes things worse. Although "to prohibit family violence" is a fundamental principle stipulated by the Chinese Family Law, a new, specific law to prevent family violence should be enacted which punishes the viplator by legal process and guarantee the physicaland psychological health rights and in terests of all Chinese women including the woman minority in rural areas.

중국의 가정폭력 실태와 대응

이옥자 ( Yu Zi Li ) 명지대학교 여성가족생활연구소 2005 여성가족생활연구 Vol.9 No.-

사람에 대한 무과실책임

이옥자(Li yu zi) 명지대학교 법학연구소 2009 명지법학 Vol.8 No.-

사람에 대한 무과실책임이란 자기의 주관적인 고의․과실과는 상관없이 가해행위자와의 객관적인 연관성에 의하여 법의 규정에 따라 타인의 가해행위에 대하여 배상책임을 부담하는 것을 말한다. 한국민법 제755조와 제756조는 책임무능력자에 대한 감독자의 책임과 피용자에 대한 사용자 책임을 규정하고 있다. 중국 민법통칙 제133조도 행위무능력자와 한정행위능력자에 대한 감독자의 무과실책임을 규정하고 있으며 제121조는 국가기관 공직원의 행위에 대한 국가기관의 책임을 규정하고 있다. 또 민법통칙에 사용자 책임에 관한 규정이 없는 관계로 사법해석 최고인민법원의 ‘인신손해배상사건을 심리할 때 법 적용의 약간의 문제에 관한 해석 ’ 제9조~제13조까지에서 사용자 책임에 관하여 규정하고 사법상 적용하고 있다. 한국민법 제755조는 책임무능력자에 대한 감독자의 중간책임을 규정하고 있다. 판례는 책임능력이 있는 미성년자의 가해행위에 대하여 감독자는 한국민법 제750조에 의한 일반불법행위에 의한 책임을 부담한다고 한다. 그러나 중국 민법통칙과 사법해석, 판례에서는 미성년자에 대하여 행위무능력자와 한정행위능력자로 구분하였을 뿐이고 감독자의 책임에 관하여서는 책임능력의 유무와 관련 없이 감독자는 무과실책임을 부담하도록 규정하였다. 한국민법 제756조는 사용자 책임에 있어서 무과실책임에 가까운 중간책임을 규정하고 있다. 그러나 중국 민법통칙과 사법해석에서는 사용자 책임에 관하여 무과실책임을 규정하고 있으며 사용자의 무과실책임의 성립요건에 있어서 중국의 실정에 따라 변통적인 규정도 두고 있다. 그러므로 한국에서는 사법상 대법원 판례의 참고적 의미를 중요시한다면 중국에서는 사법해석의 광범위한 적용을 중요시해야 할 것이다. 사람에 대한 무과실책임에 있어서 한국과 중국 양국은 법률의 규정과 사법적용 등 면에서 비교적 큰 차이를 보이고 있다. 그러므로 양국의 관련 문제에 관한 법률규정과 판례, 그리고 사법해석의 비교․연구는 양국의 입법과 사법에 중요한 참고자료를 제시할 수 있을 것이다. Strict liability to person means that the person bears the compensation responsibility for damage or injury caused by others for reasons of the objective connection provided by law, even if he was irrelevant to his subjective negligence and fault. Article 755 and 756 of the Civil Law of Republic of Korea(Korea) provide the liabilities of supervisor for the person without legal capacity and liabilities of employer for his employee. Article 133 of the Civil Code of People s Republic of China(China) also address the strict liability of supervisor for a person without legal capacity or for a person with diminished legal capacity. The Article 121 of Civil law of China requires the state to bears the responsibility for the acts of national public service. Under the existing Civil law of China, there is no regulation for the employ s liability. So In case of assuming strict responsibility of employer. it applies from Article 9 to 13 of the Judicial Interpretation of some issues for the Application of Regulations in the case of the Compensation for Damage occurred in Human Body which was issued by the China s Supreme People s Court. Article 755 of Civil Law of Korea provides the liability of supervisor for the person without legal capacity. Korean jurisprudence reveals that, under the Article 750, the liability supervisor bears is the general illegal actions for the harmful acts committed by the minors who has responsibility. But this is not the same in China. Civil Code of China and Supreme Court s Interpretation has distinguished minors between no capacity and diminished capacity. But Supervisor are imposed to strict liability irrelevant for whether the minor has capacity or not. Referring to the employer s liability, Article 756 of Civil Law of Korea impose on supervisor the responsibility which is similar to strict responsibility. But Civil law of China and Supreme Court s interpretation provide strict responsibility for employer and allow some flexibilities in applying its essential condition in practice. Korea attaches a great importance to the jurisprudence. In case of China, it should put more importance to the general application of judicial interpretation. There are great differences in strict liability to person between the regulations and its actual application of Korea and China s legal system. The comparative analysis of legal provisions and application of strict liability on the current Civil Code and special laws of Korea and China, and analyzing the pros and cons as well as problems of the two countries provisions and the application, provides reference information for future legislation and legislative amendments of the two countries.