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최종성(Choi Jong-Seong),이수봉(토론자) 비교민속학회 2003 비교민속학 Vol.24 No.-
This thesis aims to understand the religious dominating characteristics of Confucianism and Popular Religion. There were many differences in the characteristics between Confucianism and Popular Religion. At first, there were differences between the two in their religious institutions and constituent class. In view of institutional and organizational dimensions, Confucianism and Popular religion carne to be placed in positions of an official religion over against a popular religion, respectively. At the personal level, we can relate Confucianism to elite tradition and Popular Religion to mass tradition. Moreover, the logic of dichotomy between right ritual(Confucian ritual) and improper ritual(Folk ritual) solidified the polarization between Confucian and Popular religious culture. It is noteworthy that there was the vast difference of religious intention between Confucian ritual pietism and Popular passionate ritualism. For example, in the face of disaster, Confucianism emphasized that political elites make greater efforts towards cultivation of virtue more so than during usual times. On the other hand, Popular Religion by performing rituals of shaman, even coercive ritual, tried to satisfy the need of the masses in seeking fulfillment of wishes. After all, Confucianism came to separate Popular Religion and shaman from the official culture and the royal capital sphere by virtue of ritual and legal system. But it was impossible for confucianists to unify the higher religious ideals of the elite with the deepest religious feelings of the masses by way of establishing ritual and legal systems. Through this analysis of Confucianism and Popular Religion, we can understand that there are two typical sides to Korean religious culture.