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산천어의 바이러스성 질병에 관한 연구 (1) : 산천어 치어의 병리조직학적 연구
손상규,박명애,이생동 한국어병학회 1991 한국어병학회지 Vol.4 No.2
1. 病死魚는 體色黑化, 腹部膨滿 및 眼球突出 症狀을 나타내며 肛門에 不透明한 粘液便을 달고 있었다. 2. 內部症狀은 아가미와 肝이 褪色하여 貧血症狀을 나타내었고, 胃에는 牛乳狀 物質이 含有되어 있었다. 3. 病理組織學的으로는 骨格筋內 出血과 壞死巢가 形成되어 있었고, 腎臟 및 脾臟의 造血組織은 심하게 壞死되었으며, 腎臟의 壞死 部位 內에는 壞死殘渣가 散在해 있었다. 4. 膵臟의 外分泌部 腺細胞도 顆粒狀으로 崩壞, 壞死 되었고, 細胞外 및 細胞質內에 封入體가 形成되어 있었다. 5. 肝細胞는 細胞單位의 壞死가 일어났고, 消化管의 粘膜固有層, 顆粒層, 筋層 및 粘膜下組織에도 壞死가 일어났다. 6. 따라서 1990年 2月 江原道 일원 송어養殖場에서 飼育中이던 山川魚 稚魚가 大量 斃死한 것은 傳染性 造血器 壞死症에 의한 것으로 생각된다. In Feb., 1990 an epizootic disease to masu salmon fry, Oncorhynchus masou cultured at the hatchery of rainbow trout in Samchok, Kwangwon-do have broken out and induced high mortality over 70%. Externally, the diseased fish showed dark discoloration, abdominal distension with ascites, slight exophthalmus and fecal casts. Internally, the gill and the liver of diseased fish were edematous and pale, and the stomach of moribund fish contained the milkish fluid. Microscopically there was extensive necrosis of the hematopoietic tissue in kidney and spleen, and scattered necrosis of pancreas, liver and lateral muscle. Especially, the necrosis of lamina propria, muscle layer and tela submucosa in the digestive tract known as the typical signs associated with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus was seen clearly.
박수일,방종득,박정우,이생동 한국어병학회 1992 한국어병학회지 Vol.5 No.2
발병한 양식 메기로 부터 vibrio속 균주를 분리하였다. 분리된 균주는 생물학적 생화학적 특성에 기초하여 동정한 결과 V. ordalii로 동정 되었다. 분리균은 glucose, lactose, maltose 와 salicine으로 부터 산을 생산 하였으며, arabinose, galactose, inocitol과 xylose는 이용하지 못하였다. 분리된 V. ordalii를 각각 KL-1, KL-2라 명명하였다. KL-1과 KL-2는 생리학적 특성이 유사하였다. 즉, pH 5-10, NaCl 0%∼6.0%에서 발육하였으며,또한 NaCl 7.0%, pH 10이상 그리고 pH5이하에서는 발육하지 않았다. KL-1균주를 건강간 메기에 인공 감염시킨 결과 양식장에서 발병된 증상과 동일한 출혈성 궤양이 유발되었다. 감염 24시간 후에 나타난 붉은 반점은 접종부위 주변에서 부터 확장되기 시작했으며, 감염 120시간 후부터는 배지느러미 부위까지 궤양이 확장되었다. 각각 온도에 따른 실험에서는 25℃에서 폐사율이 70%로 나타났다. 약제 감수성 시험에서 KL-1과 KL-2균주는 모두 GM, K, N, S와 SxT에 감수성을 나타내었으나, CF 및 L₂와 VA에는 저항성을 나타내었다. Two vibrio sp. strains were isolated from disease catfish(Silurus asotus). The present isolates were identified as Vibrio ordalii based on their biological and biochemical characteristics ; they were positive for acid production from glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and salicine, while negative for arabinose, galactose, inocitol and xylose. They are named KL-1 and KL-2. KL-1 and KL-2 strains were similar to physiological characteristics ; growth was observed at pH 5 to 10 and in 0% to 6.0% NaCl. Two strains did not growth at a concentration above 7.0% NaCl and pH10. This bacterium was injected into health catfish hypodermically. Such injection was found to induce haemorrhagic ulcers very similar to those observed in naturally infected fish. At 24h post-infection, the red spot developed around the injection site and grew bigger to from a red sport area. At 120h post-infection, the muscle ncerosis was extended near the ventral fin. The seventy percent lethal dosage was appeared to water temperature at 25℃. Two strains were tested for drug senistiveity by plate method. KL-1 and KL-2 strains were sensitive to GM. K N, S and SxT, but resistant to CF. L₂ and VA.
양식 능성어 , Epinephelus septemfasciatus 대량 폐사에 관한 연구
전세규,손상규,박명애,이생동 한국어병학회 1991 한국어병학회지 Vol.4 No.2
1. 自然感染 능성어는 외관적으로 먹이를 먹지 않고 體色이 옅은 밤색이나 짙은 밤색으로 변하며 몸이 휘어져 힘없이 가두리 바닥이나 수면에 누워서 斃死하였는데, 解剖를 해보면 腦出血과 脾臟 및 膽管이 膨大되어 있었다. 2. 自然感染魚 아가미에서 Trichodina sp. 寄生蟲이 다수 檢出되지만 大量 斃死의 直接 原因生物은 아니며, 또한 病魚의 臟器에서 優占的으로 分離되는 Vibrio屬 細菌은 病原性이 없는 海水常存 Vibrio 菌이었다. 3. RTG-2 및 CHSE-214 魚類 株化細胞에서 바이러스는 分離되지 않았지만, 病魚의 臟器磨碎濾過液으로 人爲感染시켰을 때 自然感梁魚와 類似한 症狀을 나타내면서 斃死하였다. 4. 自然感染魚 및 人爲感染魚의 肝 細胞質內 空胞部位에 크기가 45-60㎚ 정도되며 六角形 내지 多角形模樣을 한 virion들이 무수히 존재하였다. 5. 따라서 1990年과 1991年 高水溫期에 우리나라 南海岸 일원 해상가두리 양식장에서 사육중이던 능성어가 大量 斃死한 것은 바이러스性 疾病에 의한 것으로 생각된다. In the late summer of 1990 and 1991, mass mortality occured among cage-cultured grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus in south cost of Korea. The moribund fish didn't feed and became pale or dark chestnut colour and irregularly swimmed due to the loss of equilibrium, finally the diseased fish fell down side away on the bottom or the surface of cage showing the bent of body and died. The diseased fish showed the extensive hemorrahge in brain, the swelling of spleen and bile duct as the specific syptoms of internal organs. So the gill, skin and other organs of the diseased fish were examined for the presence of pathogenic parasites and bacteria. The parasitic Trichodina sp. were detected only from the gill lamella of the diseased fish, but these parasites seemed to be not a direct causative agents that induced the gross mortality of the cultured grouper. because these parasites were also observed in normal grouper, yellowtail, red seabream and rock bream co-cultured with the diseased grouper in same or near cages. In the viral examination, although isolation of the causative agent by the use of estabilshed cell Lines, RTG-2 and CHSE-214, was not succeed, the normal grouper inoculated intramuscularly with the filtered homogenate of the organs of the diseased fish showed the same external and internal signs with the naturally infected grouper. They died within a week. By using the naturally and the artificially infected fishes, electron microscopic observation revealed numerous hexagonal or polygonal particles in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Based on the these results, we suggest that the mass mortality of the cultured grouper would be occurred by the infection of a viral agent.
김용호(Yong Ho KIM),이생동(Saeng Dong LEE),김백균(Baeg Gyun KIM) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 1994 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-
Over the period of April to November 1983, the shrimp, Trachypenaeus curvirostris(STIMPSON), were sampled monthly at fish markets in Gunsan to investigate some ecological characteristics. The spawning season was from May to September. The sex ratio of female to male shows seasonal variation with annual mean of around 76/24. The diameter of the egg ranges from 101μ to 188μ with a mode in 150μ during immatured stage, but with the coming of spawning time the egg size grows larger to 170~346μ with a mode in 250μ. The food items were mainly benthic animals such as polychaetes, cephalopods, crustaceans, etc.