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이기갑(Lee Ki Kap) 담화·인지언어학회 2002 담화와 인지 Vol.9 No.2
We observe that some kind of interrogative expressions are used to add new information in discourse. We call these expressions 'Forms of Rasing a Question' (FRQ hereafter). Actually FRQ is not a genuine question, but a kind of discourse strategy that allows the speaker to search for appropriate expressions or add detailed explanations to prior discourses. There are two types of FRQ '-neunya hamyeon' and '-neungo hani', of which the latter is older than the former from the historical viewpoint. Some FRQs have undergone grammaticalization, among which 'mweonya hamyeon' has turned into a filler and 'oenya hamyeon' into an adverbial expression denoting a marked order of [Result-Reason]. 'Oenya hamyoen' is the only FRQ used in written Korean. This is because 'oenya hamyeon' concurrs with '-gi ttaemuni-' and the combination constitutes a special rhetorical expression in written Korean.
이기갑(Lee Kigap) 담화·인지언어학회 2011 담화와 인지 Vol.18 No.1
The pronoun ‘geunom’ basically has the function of lowering the status of a man. In the Southwestern dialect, however, it is also used to refer objects, the resulting consequence of which is the overlapping of function with the already existing demonstrative pronoun ‘geugeot.’ Also in the Southwestern dialect, the bound noun ‘nom’ can be used to refer objects and thus the overlapping of function occurs with the preexisting ‘geut’ which is also used to refer objects. Which brings us to the question of how the two expressions-‘nom’ and ‘geot,’ ‘geunom’ and ‘geugeot’-are differentiated in their usage in the Southwestern dialect where both expressions can be used for the same function. This paper starts with this question. The bound noun ‘nom’ occurs in relative constructions, but in the Southern dialects it can even occur in some of the complement constructions, which marks the difference with other dialects in which ‘nom’ does not occur in complement constructions. Also ‘nom’ has the restriction of not being able to occur in such structures that are used to indicate possessions, such as ‘human noun + possessive particle.’ On the other hand, ‘nom’ is used more specifically than ‘geot’ and is a situation-dependent expression. Likewise, because ‘geunom’ can be used as a more specific and subjective pronoun than ‘geugeot,’ it can be used to indicate more concrete situation. On this account, ‘geugeot’ is used instead of ‘geunom’ in relatively objective situations such as when presenting a new name for something, when objective predicate is used, or when referring to an object already mentioned by the other speaker. Also, in situations that tend to be conservative to changes, such as the idiomatic construction, the more traditional expression of ‘geot’ or ‘geugeot’ is used instead of ‘nom’ or ‘geunom’ which has undergone change of meaning.
이기갑 ( Ki Kap Lee ),최경룡 ( Kyung Ryong Choi ) 글로벌기독교세계관학회 2011 학문과기독교세계관 Vol.2 No.-
This paper examined four different types of genderlect. First, the genderlect could be analyzed with an assumption that female language is a type of more deficit language than male language. Second, men who are dominant in society and culture use more domineering and powerful expressions compared to women, who use more subordinative and non-dominating expressions. Third, the difference between male and female languages could be explained with each other`s cultural background differences. Boys are raised very differently from girls culturally and socially, and these social and cultural differences influence how to speak and how to communicate. Finally, it has been noted that the problems of these differences cannot be solved merely with the understanding of each other`s cultures. A strong and effective implementation of social and cultural reformation is needed as well as the need for an unfair language reform to resolve and eliminate these cultural problems. In addition, biblical expressions are discussed briefly from a gender discriminative viewpoint. However, we also found that the main message of the Bible is that male and female are all created equal and the Bible is not that gender-discriminative as it is presumed.
이기갑(Lee Kigap) 담화·인지언어학회 2006 담화와 인지 Vol.13 No.2
Full expression, pro-form am zero-form(ellipsis) are ire principle strategies of cohesion in Korean discourse. This study is on ire repetition of full expression, ore of ire 'discourse connectives' of which ire main function is to connect neighboring sentences in a discourse. Having shown focal information in a prior sentence, the repeated expression represents background information on the basis of which another sentence with new information can be formed and added. Because of its informational status, a discourse connective repeats only the restricted part of the prior sentence. One of the most interesting facts about the repeated full expression is that the repeated predicate is most frequently combined with the connective ending '-neunde'. This is because the ending '-neunde' and the repeated full expression are well matched for the function of representing a background situation against a following sentence. Another form of discourse connective, pro-form, is also used very frequently in Korean discourse. However, because it is more grammaticalized than a repeated full expression, there are considerable differences between the two forms. Primarily, they differ in frequency of use, scope of reference to prior sentences or utterances, kinds of connective endings employed in combining with predicates and their concrete function in spoken discourse.