PCR 기법을 이용한 한국내 젖소의 k- casein 과 β- lactoglobulin 유전자형 분석에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),김정언(J . U . Kim),이연근(Y . K . Lee),홍경표(K . P . Hong),김경수(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.4

This study was performed to offer rapid and accurate methods of both sire selection and dairy cattle improvement, according to analyzing loci of κ-casein and β-lactaglobulin in Korean dairy cattle. The blood samples used in this study were taken from the 45 Holstein cattle in the nearby Kyung gi province, where milk was sold to Kon-Kuk milk plant. The results obtained were as follows; 1. This study established the extracting method of high quality DNA from the 45 Holsteins blood samples by using phenol and the analysis of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin polymotphisms by using PCR. 2. Due to the amplification of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci by using PCR, this study confirmed amplified products of 8746p and 961bp, respectively. 3. Due to the restricted enzyme digestion of Taq I and Hind Ill in amplified products of κ-casein, AA type with Hind III and Taq I showed no change of size in amplified products and BB type with Hind III showed 525bp and 350bp fragments and with Taq I showed 558bp and 317bp fragments, respectively. 4. Due to the restricted enzyme digestion of Hph I in amplified products of β-lactoglobulin, all lanes which were digested by restriction enzyme showed 961bp and 741bp fragments and A.4 type showed 220bp, while AB type showed 220bp and 166bp, and BB type showed 166bp fragments, respectively. 5. The κ-casein genotype of Holstein by restricted enzyme digestion gives frequencies of 75.55%, 17.78%, and 6.67%r for AA, AB, and BB types and for A and B alleles being 0.84 and 0.16, respectively. Restriction enzyme digestion of the β-lactoglobulin genotype of Holstein gives frequencies of 34.38%, 43.74%, and 21.88% for AAA, AB, and BB types and for A and B alleles being 0.56 and 0.44, respectively. 6. The fitness test(x²-test) for genotype frequencies of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin showed gene equilibrium with AA. AB and BB, and β-lactoglobulin indicated Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium in the ratio of being 1:2:1. 7. The genotyping of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin loci can be utilized for finding the association between genotypes and production traits in dairy cattle.

더러브렛 경주마의 수득상금에 대한 유전모수 추정

이광전,박경도,안준천,김삼수 ( K . J . Lee,K . D . Park,J . C . An,S . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.1

This study was undertaken to estimate genetic parameters for earnings using a total of 9,534 annual earning records from 3,851 horses that had raced from 1990 to 1995. Results obtained were as follows. The annual earnings showed a non-normal distribution, skewing extremely to the right. However, after being standardized by age-birth year groups, the annual earnings appeared to have an almost normal distribution. The unraced ratio per year among 2 year old horsed was highest(44.5%). Consequently, the annual earnings were the lowest compared to other age groups. Heritability and repeatability of the standardized annual earnings were 0.166 and 0.303, respectively. These results suggested that the annual earnings should be standardized by means and standard deviations of age-birth year, groups, considering the phenotypic and genetic correlations between annual earnings and standardized annual earnings were 0.676 and 0.817, respectively.

개체모형을 이용한 더러브렛 경주마의 체형과 경주형질들에 대한 유전모수 추정

이광전,박경도,박화춘,안준천 ( K . J . Lee,K . D . Park,H . C . Park,J . C . An ) 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.1

더러브렛 경주마에 있어서 HMS7 과 EA2C4 Microsatellites 를 이용한 친자감별

이광전,이연근,박경도,김정언,안준천 ( K . J . Lee,Y . K . Lee,K . D . Park,J . U . Kim,I . C . An ) 한국축산학회 1996 한국축산학회지 Vol.38 No.1

가계분석에 의한 k- casein 과 β- lactoglobulin 의 유전자형 분리에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),김정언(J . U . Kim),이연근(Y . K . Lee),강민식(M . S . Kang),강석형(S . H . Kang) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.3

This study was performed to offer basic data of both reducing generation interval and improving selection accuracy of dairy cattle for application of parentage test according to analyzing loci of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin in related Korean dairy cattle using the PCR. The blood samples used in this study were taken from 24 related dairy cattle in Sin-Jung dairy farm and the frozen semen of two straws used in this study were taken from commercial firms. The results obtained were as follows; 1. This study established the extracting method of high quality DNA from the blood samples of 24 related dairy cattle and from two frozen semen samples by using phenol and determined the analyzing method for the polymorphism of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin using PCR. 2. According to the restricted enzyme digestion in amplified products of κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin using PCR, κ-casein showed AA and AB types, and β-lactoglobulin showed AA, AB, and BB types, respectively. 3. By restricting enzyme digestion, genotypes of κ-caaein and β-lactoglobulin for dairy cows were always derived from genotypes of one parent or both parents. 4. Genetic panems between κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin markers showed independent gene segregations, therefore, in case of being known sire genotypes, genotypes of daughters would be detemuned by probability. 5. For ttte genetic improvement of dairy cattle, if the semen of sire with κ-casein BB or β-lactoglobulin BB were used by the A.I, genotyping method of marker genes can be useful for early identification and selection of dairy calves.

개체모형을 이용한 경주마의 능력지수 개발에 관한 연구

이광전(K . J . Lee),박경도(K . D . Park),양영목(Y . M . Yang),최윤석(Y . S . Choi),안준천(J . C . An),신미영(M . Y . Sin) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.4

A total of 6,338 racing times of 690 horses was used for this study. Data were repeated racing times of horses that raced at least three times at the 1000m race for a year, 1991 and collected from the Korean Racing Association (K.R.A.). Results obtained were as follows. 1. Investigated percentages of the total variance accounted for by contemporary group, month, day and race were 7.73%, 8.45% and 29.55%, respectively. Ratios ²σ_e/²σ_a and ²σ_e/²σ_p were 3.486 and 10.457, respectively. 2. Animal model used repeated racing times. Estimated breeding values of the horses ranged from -2.44 to +2.65. The regression coefficient and r² of the breeding value on birth-year were 0.04 and 0.001, respectively. Breeding value and permanent environmental effect did not have significant variation among the birth years. 3. The trait that has the highest correlation with estimated breeding values for repeated racing times was the average time. The correlation coefficient between the two traits and estimate of heritability for the average time were 0.86 and 0.41, respectively. 4. Performance index obtained by the multiple regression procedure of the estimated breeding values for the repeated racing times on the other traits was as follows. I = -47.6564 - 0.0193X₁ + 0.6405X₂ + 0.0972X₃ - 0.0047X₄ (r²=0.76) (X₁=best time, X₂=average time, X₃=poorest time, X₄=% races placed 1-2).

유전적 표지 ( genetic markers ) 를 이용한 젖소의 연관 ( linkage ) 현상에 관한 연구 - 모의실험 -

이광전,조주현 ( K . J . Lee,J . H . Cho ) 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.2

A simulation study was carried out to generate 45,000 data for genetic marker and QTL of milk protein in which recombination rates varied from 0 to 0.4. An estimation of linkage was performed by the moment method and the maximum likelihood method(ML). Newton-Raphson algorithm was used in ML. The results obtained were as follows 1. 1n case of complete linkage(r=0), the number of QTL genotype in the sub-population of marker genotype was only one. Thus means and standard deviations of QTL and marker genotypes were equal. 2. Means of marker and QTL genotypes estimated by ML had no differences. However, the variances were higher than those of actual values. Means and variances of marker and QTL genotypes estimated by the moment method had marked differences from actual values. 3. The optimum sample size with unbiased estimates of recombination rates were 1000(r≤0.1) and 1500(r≥0.1), respectively. The homozygote with the lower mean had higher skewness, while the homozygote with the higher mean had lower skewness. 4. The skewness of two homozygote marker genotypes(MM, ㎜) can give indirect advantage of determining no differences between distribution of experimental data and population. Differences in skewness between two homozygote marker genotypes in each recombination rate were increased until r=1, and in case of above r=1, differences in skewness were decreased. The main cause of these results was that the frequency of QTL genotype(AA) within marker genotype(MM) group was decreased with increasing recombination rate. 5. When recombination rates were ranged from 0 to 0.4 by 0.05, mean gene effects were 2.104, 1.400, 1.225, 1.062, 0.896, 0.735, 0.626, 0.545 and 0.470, respectively. The closer to complete linkage, the higher mean gene effects. 6. It is evident that maximum likelihood method can markedly increase the power of marker-QTL linkage analysis. The results of this study will be useful as a basis for marker-QTL linkage determination in dairy cattle.

Thoroughbred 경주마의 경주능력에 대한 환경요인의 효과 및 유전분산 (遺傳分散) 추정

박경도,이광전,양영목,최윤석,김재남,김연순 ( K . D . Park,K . J . Lee,Y . M . Yang,Y . S . Choi,J . N . Kim,Y . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1992 한국축산학회지 Vol.34 No.1

This study was undertaken using a total of 2,577 racing records of horses from September, 1989 to July, 1990 that collected at the K. H. A. A. (Korean Horse Affairs Association) to investigate effects of environmental factors and to estimate genetic variance for racing performance. Results obtained from this study were as follows. Horse`s age, racing number, track condition and racing season showed significant effects on racing time, and winner`s racing time was not appropriate environmental factor for mean racing time in Korea. Racing performance was the best when horse`s age was 3-4yr, racing number was l situated inside, moisture content was more than 16% in track and racing seasons were spring and winter. Estimates of σ²_e by Maximum Likelihood were smaller than those by Minimum Variance Quadratic Unbiased Estimation (MIVQUE). Adjustment for winner`s racing time reduced estimates of σ²_s, σ²_h, and σ²_e, especially, estimates of σ²_h, which were reduced by an average of about 1000% and estimates of repeatabilities were lower than those of heritabilities. Estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities by nationality ranged from .13±.17 to .30±.20 and from .36±.07 to .52±.14, respectively. Pooled estimates of heritabilities and repeatabilities were .19±.13 and .42± .06 respectively.

더러브렛 경주마의 경주형질들에 대한 유전모수의 추정

이광전(K . J . Lee),박경도(K . D . Park),강민구(M . G . Kang),김덕락(D . R . Kim),문윤영(Y . Y . Moon) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The results obtained from a total of 18.926 rating records of 1,345 horses, from the Korea Racing Horse Association were as follows. 1. Square root transformations for total money (TM), average money (TM/S), curd percentage of first through second rank(% FSR) with a single record were more normally distributed than having natural logarithms. 2. Heridbility estimates for lest time average time. /TM/S, and / % FSR with entire records were 0.41, 0.53, 0.39, and 0.33, respectively. And heritabilities for the carne traits in 3-year-old horses generally showed highest. Taking account of genetic correlations among performance traits being always larger than those of phenotype, it was indicated that environmental factors were very important in racing taut, of horses. 3. the performance traits with repeated records were racing time, placing, and money in a race. Square root transformation of money in a race was more useful than that of natural logarithm, just like average money (TM/S). Considering the uniform distribution of placing records, transformation of placing records was implied to be important. 4. The estimates of heritibilities for racing time, money and placing in a race were 0.23, 0.10, arid 0.14, respectively. On the other hand, repeatabilities for the same traits were 0.34, 0.21, and 0.15, respectively. Taking in account racing time as being a good indicator of environmental effects, it should be considered as the most important trait in the genetic evaluation of racing horses. 5. PTAs` corelations between single records arid repeated records for racing traits were relatively high, and the same trend was found by age groups. Both genetic and phenotypic correlations for performance traits by age groups ranked highest in 4-year-old horses. This indicated that racing records for 4-year-old horses were very important for the genetic evaluation of racing horses.

젖소의 생산형질에 대한 유전적 변화의 추정

이광전(K . J . Lee),박경도(K . D . Park),강민식(M . S . Kang) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.5

This study utilized 39,499 lactation records collected by the KAIA and DCIC from 1985 to 1993 for production traits. The results obtained were as follows; I. Phenotypic and genetic trends from 1978 to 1990 for milk yields were 49.61 and 107.26㎏ per year, and yearly phenotypic gains for milk yields were 81.54, 107.88, and 111.43㎏ when the three periods were grouped as `78∼`81, `81∼`86, and `86∼`90. 2. Yearly genetic trends for milk yield correspond to 0.73%, which is about 1/3 to the theoretical maximum value of 2%. 3. Grouping the three periods equally, genetic gains for milk, fat, protein and SNF yields were highest in the period(1981∼1986). This suggests the neccessity for systematic dairy cattle improvement and the problem of importing superior genes.