복숭아 나무의 結果枝 種類 및 着果位置에 따른 과실 및 新梢生長

유영산 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1989 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.3 No.-

This experiment was designed to find out the difference in characteristics of fruit and shoot growth by various fruiting branches. Three leading table peach cultivars of Changbang-joseng (Kurakata-wase), Daekubo (Okubo) and Baekdo (Hakuto) were used to examine fruit size and shoot growth by different fruiting woods and by various fruit set-position of long fruiting branches. The results are as follows. 1.With fruit sige, a large fruit tended to be borne on long fruiting wood in Changbang-joseng, on medium one in Daekubo and on short spur in Baekdo. 2. With shoot growth on long fruiting woods, the Changbang-joseng was the most vigorous, while in Daekubo and Baekdo it was weak numerous shoots developing, most of whichbecome short spurs and medium fruiting woods. 3. A balanced shoot development was observe when fruits were borne on mid-portion of the fruiting woods. Woods with fruits borne on the their base resulted in less shoots developing on their branches while the growth was weak in those with fruits borne on the distal portion. 4. With fruit size by fruit set-position of long fruiting branches, growth of fruits borne on the distal portion tended to be promoted in Changbang-joseng and Daekubo, while the growth to be arrested in Baekdo.

Gibberellin 處里 巨峰葡萄의 無核化 機構에 關한 硏究 : (第1報) Gibberellin 處理 巨峰葡萄의 胚珠生長 및 退化에 關한 硏究 I. Study on Growth and Degeneration of Ovules as Affected by Gibberellin in 'Kyoho' Grapes.

劉永山,朴英順 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1983 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Growth and degeneration of Ovules were observed to investigate the process of seed abortion from anthesis to berry setting stage in 'Kyoho' grapes applied with GA 100ppm. 1. Growth of ovules were promoted by GA application and the ovules were increased markedly in size as compared to untreated ones by 6 days after anthesis. 2. In GA-treated ovules nucellus began to be separated rapidly at 4 days after anthesis. Thus most of ovules was not increased beyond 1mm in size, and at 14 days after anthesis 97.3 percent of ovules were degenerated. 3. GA-treated berries were not droped in spite of collapse of ovules and the berries became seedless. 4. In untreated ovaries, degeneration of ovules started late. Degenerated ovules were also a high proportion but low as compared to GA-treated ones. At 14 days after anthesis 38 percent of ovules in setted-berries were developed normally and became seeds. 5. In shatter berries, ovules were collapsed or the nucellus was separated completly from embryo asc. Untreated-berries began to drop markedly in accordance with ovules collapse.

Gibberellin處理 巨峰葡萄의 無核化 機構에 關한 硏究 : ---(第II報) GA處理 巨峰葡萄의 胚珠 및 子房發育에 關한 組織學的 硏究---

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.28 No.2

Development of ovary and ovule in GA-treated 'Kyoho' grapes were histologically investigated from anthesis to ovule degeneration to study the process of seed abortion. 1. Ovary of'Kyoho' grape contained 3~9 ovules and normal ovary consisted of 4 ovules, was only 49percent of whole ovaries. 2. Imperfect ovules had a high proportion of the whole ones and these showed two types. One was nonfuntional ovules without gametophyte on the central core of nucellus, the other was ovules with morphological defects. 3. Size of GA-treated ovary increased due to rapid cell division of ovary wall, but they showed a lag phase which their growth rate was decreased when ovules began to be degenerated. 4. Early development of ovules were promoted by GA-application, but ovules were rapidly degenerated from 4 t 6 days after anthesis through nucellus and innner integument were separated from outer integument, advanced to ovule collapse. 5. Rapid ovules degeneratin might be related with nutrient competition between ovarys and ovule due to rapid ovary enlargement. 6. Devision of free-nuclear endosperm was observed in embryo sac applied with GA at 2 days after anthesis. one thirds of normal ovules contained free-nuclear endosperms by 6 days after anthesis. It means that fertilization occurs normally in embryo sac, so that it is reasonable to assume that seedless berries of GA-treated 'Kyoho' grape contained berries of two types; parthenocarpic berries by abortion of unfertilized ovules and stenospermocarpic ones by abortion of fertilized ovules.

葡萄脫粒에 關한 組織學的 硏究

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1985 연구논문집 Vol.31 No.1

This study were carried out to investigate histiologically the process of absci-ssion at berry dropping and the effects on the berry abscission by ethephon and gibberellin treatments in three grape cultivars such as Kyoho, Tanored and Muscat Bailey-A. The results obtaied were as follows. 1. Absicission zone in pedicels of grape clusers formed at two places; the first absicission zone developed at the base of pedicels, the second at the juncture between the abse of berry and upper of pedicels. 2. Abscission zone can be ascertaioned externally. It already apperaed as a naarrow, constricted area at the base of pedicels at anthesis. The constrictions of Kyoho and Tanored grapes were more conspicious than one of Muscat Bailey-A. 3. At berry dropping, separation of abscission zone at the base of pedicels occurred across the vascular bundles through collapse of the corthical cells in the zone. While the cortical cells of the zone in the adhering berries were enlarged normally, however the cells were still slightly smaller than the adjacent cells. 4. Berry droppings presumed to be due to abortion of ovules in berry from the point of view that most ovules in abscised berries were already degenerated. 5. Berries dropping were markedly promoted by ethephon treatment and the effect of this were remarkable being closed at anthesis. 6. Gibberellin application showed a invrease in berry setting but the growth regulator could not lost the effect of berries abscission induction by ethephon at treat ment mixed with ethephon.

夏期剪定이 대추나무의 生長과 結實에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.53 No.2

7년생 대추나무에서 開花前(발아후 30일)과 開花期(발아후 50일)에 夏期剪定을 실시하여 생장, 花器發達과 결실, 과실비대, 수량 등을 조사하였다. 하기전정은 화기발달을 촉진하여 잎줄기당 開花數가 증가(개화전 하기전정)하였으며 着果도 증진되었다. 그러나 개화전의 하기전정은 잎줄기와 二次枝의 생장을 촉진하여 生理的 落果가 증가되는 결향을 보였으며 主芽의 발아를 촉진시켜 發育枝의 수가 증가하였다. 하기전정은 두시기 모두 果實肥大를 촉진하여 수확시 大果의 비율을 높였으며 收量도 증가시켰다. 그러나 糖度에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 하기전정은 대추나무의 결실촉진과 과실비대에 효과가 컸으며 하기전정 시기는 개화전보다는 개화초기(발아후 50일)가 보다 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to determine the effects of summer pruning at prebloom (30days after sprouting) or bloom stage(50days after sprouting) on the growth, flower development, fruiting, fruit size and yield in 7-year-old-Chinese jujube. The number of flower and fruits per branchlet were increased by summer pruning at prebloom and bloom stage. Growth of branchlets and permanent secondary branches were promoted and number of terminal shoot were accelerated owing to the increasing of main bud sprouting in prebloomsummer pruning. Therefore physiological drop fruits was trend to be increased by prebloomsummer pruning. Fruit size and yield were increased by the promotion of fruit growth, but sugar content of fruit was not affected by summer pruning. The proper time for summer pruning was bloom stage on 50 days after bud sprouting according to growth of branchlet and increase of fruiting.

Streptomycin 處理에 依한 葡萄 單爲結果 誘起에 關한 硏究 : Effects of Streptomycin on Seedlessness and Development of Berry in Schuyler Grapes(Vitis labruscana L.) 第1報 葡萄 ‘Schuyler’無核果 誘起 및 果粒發育에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭 대학교 1983 연구논문집 Vol.27 No.1

本 試驗은 SM處理가 schuyler 葡萄의 無核果 誘起 및 果實 發育에 미치는 影響을 조사하여 無核葡萄 裁培의 利用 可能性을 檢討하기 爲하여 實施, 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. SM處理에 依한 無核果 形成은 處理時期 및 濃度에 따라 差異는 있었으나, 無核果 誘起에 극히 效果的이었으며 滿開前 12日에 400ppm 處理時 99.5%의 가장 높은 無核率을 보였다. 2. SM處理는 花粉發芽力을 制시켰으며 濃度가 높을수록 ?制效果가 증가되었다. SM處理 葡萄에 混在되어 있는 無核果粒內의 粒子는 發育이 不良하였으며, 대부분의 種子들은 內部가 비어 있었다. 3. SM單用時 果粒肥大는 極히 不良하였으나, 滿開後 10日에 GA處理로 果粒 및 果房肥大가 促進되었다. 4. SM處理 無核果는 無處理보다 成熟이 促進되어 着色이 빨라지고 糖含量이 增加되었다. 그러나 酸含量은 減少되지 않았으며 無處理보다 오히려 많았다 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of streptomycin on seedlessness and berry development of Schuyler grapes. The results were as follows. 1. Seedlessness was remarkedly induced by streptomycin application and the best effect on seedlessness was exhibited by application of 400ppm at 12 days before full bloom. 2. Application of streptomycin inhibited the pollen germination and growth of seed in seeded berries. 3. Berry weight was significantly decreased by streptomycin treatment alone, however it was increased by gibberellin application at 10 days after full bloom. Berry setting were not influence by any of the streptomycin treatments. 4. The maturation of treated berries was advanced, and both content of soluble solids and total acidity tented to be increased by streptomycin treatment. .

環狀剝皮가 대추의 結實 및 品質에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.51 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of time, width, and method of girdling on the trunk of jujube tree. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Flower development and the number of fruits per blanchlet increased by girdling. And fruit enlargement was accelerated, too. Therefore total yield per tree increased more than two times than control. 2. the proper time for girdling was late of june according to flower development, the number of fruits per branchlet and total yield per tree. And the girdling in middle of July, when florets of branchlet bloom, on the permanent secondary branehes, was more effective than control. 3. Chlorosis was occurred at the leaf of stem tip by girdling in all treatments, and leaf chlorosis was occurred extremely by 10mm=width-girdling. 4. The proper width of girdling might be 5mm because in that treatment, the healing after girdling was good and the leaf chlorosis was occurred most slightly. 5. In 5 or 6-year-old young jujube trees, 4/5 girdling, which a part of bark remained, was more effective than complete girdling in the control of tree vigor and the increase of fruit setting. 6. Sugar contents of fruit was not affected by girdling. Fruit size increased slightly and was equalized by girdling.

포도의 環狀剝皮에 關한 硏究 : 剝皮時期와 着果量이 포도 켐벨어얼리의 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響 The effect of trunk-girdling by different time and crops on the maturation and qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes (Vitis labruscana)

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1989 연구논문집 Vol.39 No.1

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of trunk-girdling by diffferent girdling time and levels of crop on the maturation and qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes(Vitis labruscana) 1. Hastening maturation of grapes was markedly influenced by girdling time. Advance in color and maturity of grapes was effective in vines girdled at 30days after full bloom. 2. Berries and clusters of early girdled-grapes showed rapid growth during the slow-growth period (stage II) unlike ungirdled grapes. but the weight of bunches at each harvest time was no difference. 3. In girdled-grapes soluble solids was low and on the other hand, acidity was high on compared with ungirdled grapes. The effects was greatly appeared at early girdling. 4. The effect of girdling on hastening maturity was markedly reduced by an overcrop.

지베렐린 처리가 ‘Sheridan’포도의 果房伸張과 密着度에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.52 No.2

This study was conducted to confirm the effects of GA on bunch elongation and reduction of bunch compactmess of ‘Sheridan’ grapes GA solution was sprayed on clusters and leaves at 4∼5 leafing stage, and the concentrations were 0, 3, 5, and 10ppm. The elongation of cluster, berry setting, and bunch compactness, and characteristics of bunch was investigated, and results were summarized as follows: 1. The rachis of cluster was elongated 6.3∼20.5% at harvesting stage by AG treatment. 2. Berry setting was not affected by AG application. But shot berry was increased, and berry weight was decreased by increasing AG concentrations, especially, GA at 10ppm, occurrence of shot berry was high, so bunch appearance was poor. 3. Bunch compactness decreased with increasing GA concentrations. The optimum concentration might be 5ppm, 7 berries per cm of rachis and 28.7g of berry weight per gram rachis. But berry thinning was necessary for berry enlargement and quality improvement becaust shot berry was occurred by GA application. 4. Bunch weight was decreased by increasing GA concentration, and ripeness was accelerated, too. 5. The optimum concentration of GA treatment for bunch elongation and reduction of bunch compactness on ‘Sheridan’grape might be 5ppm at 4∼5 leafing stage.

萄葡의 4品種間 心室分化 및 胚珠發達에 關한 組識學的 比較硏究

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1985 연구논문집 Vol.30 No.1

結實力의 差異를 나타내는 4個 葡萄品種을 供試하여 開花期에 子房內의 心室分化 및 胚珠의 發達狀態를 組織學的으로 比較 觀察하여 다음의 結果를 얻었다. 1. 調査된 4個品種에서 大部分의 子房은 2心室로 構成되어 있었으나 3心室 子房도 品種에 따라 상당히 많았다. 3心室 자방은 켐벨어리에서 가장 적었고 마스캇 베리 에이에서 가장 많았다. 2. 心室當 胚珠數는 켐벨어리·다노레드·마스캇 베리 에이에서는 대부분 2個였으나 巨峰에서는 3個以上 分化된 子房의 比率이 높았다. 3. 開花期의 完全胚珠率은 巨峰이 48%로 가장 낮았으며 켐벨어리와 다노레드는 70% 以上이었다. 4. 果粒當 平均 種子類는 켐멜어리와 다노레드는 2.5粒 以上이였으며 마스캇 베리 에이는 1.8粒이였다. 巨峰은 果粒當 種子數가 가장 적어 1.1粒이였다. 5. 着粒率은 다노레드가 가장 높아 58%였으며 거봉은 가장 낮아 21%였다. 6. 以上의 結果로 보아 開花期의 胚珠의 發達狀態와 結實과는 密接한 關係가 있으며 巨峰葡萄에서 開花期에 不完全 胚珠率이 높은 것이 着粒不良의 한 原因이 될 것으로 推定된다. This investigation was carried out to evaluate and compare the histological difference of ovules and locules among 4 grape cultivars differing in berry setting. The results were as follows. 1. Most ovaries in examined-cultivars are usually composed of 2 carpels, however number of carpels in their ovaries varied a little among the 4 grape cultivars, especially Muscat Bailey A showed a high proportion of 3 carpelovaries. 2. Campbell Early, Tanored and Muscat Bailey A grapes had mostly two ovules per locule, but Kyoho contained more than 3 ovules per locule in a high proportion of ovaries. 3. The percentage of normal ovules in Kyoho grapes was the lowest of cultivar examined and it showed 48%. 4. Most ovaries in Campbell Early and Tanored had 2 to 4 seeds at post-fruitset stage and 3 seed per berry showed high frequency, however the average number of seeds per beery in Kyoho was about a half that of Campbell Early or Tanored. 5. From these results, it can be said that poor berry setting of Kyoho grapes might be related with a high proportion of abnomal ovules at anthesis.