Tracing the Roots of System/Decision Theory:Implication for Management Research

서원식(Won Sik Suh),양동현(Dong Hyun Yang) 한국경영사학회 2008 經營史學 Vol.46 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to summarize some important lessons taught by scholars of system/decision theory. The system/decision theory argued that there is no “one best way” to manage, and incorporates uncertainty by recognizing organizational interdependence with environment (Thompson 1967). In other words, the theory views the organization as an open system by adding one more ingredient on an original recipe, “reality (environmental uncertainty)”, and it leads to the foremost transition of basic concept in management theory from “idealistic” to “realistic.” Since its introduction into management discipline, the system theory had contributed to bring major progress in our knowledge and understanding of the management ideas (Woodward 1965). The paper consists of four sections. Followed by introduction, the paper reviews five key books written by notable system/decision theorists, and summarizes the main concepts of those books brought in this field. Next, We examine how key concepts have been used in empirical settings by reviewing articles on major management journals. Finally, by reviewing so-called “popular management books” at bookstores and libraries, the paper ask for the continued progress of the theory by raising the attention of researchers and professionals in management. Major contribution of the study is to provide a new way of methodology in management history research by reviewing the classical books which initiate the theory. 본 논문의 목적은 경영학 이론에 있어 획기적인 사고의 전환을 가능케 한 시스템 이론에 대한 고찰을 통하여 동이론이 현재 경영학연구에서 차지하는 비중을 재조명하고 향후 연구활성화 방안을 모색함에 있다. 이를 위해 시스템 이론의 고전이라 할 수 있는 5권의 책을 분석하여 저자가 주장하는 시스템이론을 정리하고 이러한 이론들이 경영학 연구분야에 어떻게 응용이 되었으며, 또한 연구결과는 초기의 이론을 뒷받침 하는 지의 여부를 문헌고찰을 통하여 분석하였다. 그리고 현재 서점 등에서 일반대중을 대상으로 출간된 약 100여권의 경영관련서적을 분석하여 시스템 이론이 경영자 및 일반인을 대상으로 어떻게 묘사되고 있는지 분석하여 동이론의 대중화방안을 고찰하였다. 분석결과, 시스템이론에서 출발한 경영학적 개념들(concepts), 즉 Boundary Spanning with Satisficing, Boundary Spanning, Differentiation & Integration 등은 경영학 연구의 발전과 경영자들의 업무효율성 제고에 많은 공헌을 한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 일반대중을 대상으로 한 경영관련서적을 분석한 결과 동이론을 연구하는 학자들이 이론의 대중화에는 많은 기여를 하지 못한 것으로 나타나 이의 개선을 위한 방안이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 경영학 이론을 고찰함에 있어 여러 전문서적에서 재인용하지 않고 초기 학자의 저서로부터 직접 이론의 전개과정을 비교 분석하는 새로운 형태의 경영사학적 연구방법론을 택했다는데 그 의미가 있다. 즉, 이론의 성립과정과 그 이론이 실제 연구에서는 어떤 식으로 전개되는지, 또한 이론이 어떤 식으로 대중화 과정을 거쳐 기업에서 활용되는지 모두 보여 줄 수 있다는 점에서 매우 유익한 방법론이라 할 수 있다.

병원행정사 국가자격증 입법화전략

서원식 ( Won Sik Suh ),김영배 ( Young Bae Kim ),이정우 ( Jung Woo Lee ),이예진 ( Ye Jin Lee ) 한국병원경영학회 2012 병원경영학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study aims to develop strategic plan for enactment of national license of hospital administrators. To effectively control healthcare cost and mange healthcare organizations, the enactment is an inevitable process. Based on literature reviews, cases of similar licences in advanced foreign countries, and a survey of 200 experts in healthcare fields, this study provide a strategic map how to proceed the enactment.

3 차병원의 생산 효율성 측정 및 결정요인 분석

양동현(Dong Hyun Yang),서원식(Won Sik Suh),박광훈(Kwang Hoon Park) 한국병원경영학회 1997 병원경영학회지 Vol.2 No.1

우리나라 병원 행정인력의 전문성 수준 분석

안상윤 ( Sang Yoon Ahn ),서원식 ( Won Sik Suh ) 한국병원경영학회 2014 병원경영학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This research is designed to analyze the professionalism of administrators working in Korean hospitals as a wayto make them a better expertise in the industry. For this purpose, we conducted a survey of 105 administrativeprofessionals working in hospitals nationwide and statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS Windowsversion 15.0. The survey questions were developed based on the Spencer & Spencer``s results of research inexpertise variables. The results showed that the current Korean hospital administrator do have short of expertiserequired for their job position. Therefore, the curriculum reform is required for healthcare management programs incollege and the Korean College of Hospital Administrators (KCHA) is required to change the contents of license exam based on the results of the study.

역할갈등과 직무스트레스가 임파워먼트, 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향 : 행정직 간호사와 임상간호사 비교분석

장순정(Soon-Jung Jang),서원식(Won-Sik Suh) 한국보건복지학회 2020 보건과 복지 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구는 행정직 간호사와 임상 간호사의 역할갈등, 직무스트레스가 임파워먼트에 따라 직무만족 및 조직몰입에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하기 위해 시도되었다. 경기도 내 3개 종합병원 간호사를 대상으로 설문지를 배포하여, 회수된 299명의 자료를 SPSS와 AMOS로 분석하였다. 연구결과 두 집단간의 역할갈등, 직무스트레스, 직무만족 및 임파워먼트에는 유의한 차이가 없으나 조직몰입은 행정직 간호사(3.294±0.611)가 임상간호사(3.145±0.548)보다 높으며 유의미한 차이가 있었다(t=-2.155, p =0.032). 역할갈등과 직무스트레스에 매개변수인 임파워먼트에 의한 직무만족, 조직몰입에 간접효과에서 조직몰입은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 다집단 분석에 의한 행정직과 임상간호사에 따른 구조모형분석에서 임파워먼트가 직무만족에 있어서는 행정직간호사만 유의한 결과가 나타났고, 임파워먼트와 조직몰입에 대해서는 두 그룹 모두에서 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 결과적으로 조직몰입을 증가시키기 위한 다른 매개변수에 관한 연구와 직무만족을 높이기 위한 임파워먼트 증진방안에 대한 필요성을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the effects of role conflict and job stress of administrative nurses and clinical nurses on job satisfaction and organizational commitment according to empowerment. With nurses in three general hospitals in Gyeonggi-do as the subject, a questionnaire was distributed and 299 collected data were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS. The result showed that there was no significant difference in role conflict, job stress, job satisfaction, and empowerment between the two groups but the organizational commitment was higher in administrative nurses(3.294±0.611) than in clinical nurses(3.145±0.548), with significant differences(t=-2.155, p=.032).Organizational commitment was not statistically significant in the indirect effect of job satisfaction and organizational commitment by empowerment, which is a parameter in role conflict and job stress. In the structural model analysis according to administrative and clinical nurses by multi-group analysis, empowerment showed significant results only in administrative nurses in job satisfaction and empowerment and organizational commitment were not statistically significant in both groups. Consequently, studies on other parameters to increase organizational commitment and the need for an empowerment improvement plan to increase job satisfaction were identified.

노인의 소득 및 교육수준에 따른 구강건강행태와 구강건강 삶의 질

양혜정 ( Hye-jung Yang ),서원식 ( Won-sik Suh ) 한국치위생학회(구 한국치위생교육학회) 2018 한국치위생학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out differences in oral health status, defined as their oral health and oral health quality of life among the elderly depending on their income and education levels. Methods: This study used 922 senior citizens over 65 from the data (2015) of the 6th National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHNS). The regression analysis was adopted to identify factors affecting their oral health status which has effect on their oral health quality of life. The statistical package SPSS 21.0 was employed. Frequency analysis, chi-squared analysis and regression analysis were used, and the significance level or Cronbach's alpha value was 0.05. Results: Depending on income levels, there were differences in their oral health status as to whether they use oral hygiene products, take dental examinations, join private health- insurances, and delay dental treatments or not. And educational levels also made significant differences in their oral health status as to whether they smoke, drink alcohol, how many times they brush teeth a day, whether they use oral hygiene products, take dental treatments, and join private healthinsurances. Regression analysis on the relationship between their oral health status and the oral health quality of life showed that there were significant differences depending on whether they take dental treatments, delay dental medical treatments, smoke, take oral examinations, how many times they brush teeth a day, and whether they use oral hygiene products, or join private health-insurances. Conclusions: The study shows that a comprehensive plan is needed to raise attention on proper oral health-care and ultimately to improve the quality of life by considering the daily number of tooth brushing, oral hygiene product use, regular dental treatments, and other medical uses.

중증질환 환자 가구의 의료비 지출 형평성 분석

김태연(Tae-Yeon Kim),서원식(Won-Sik Suh) 한국보건복지학회 2020 보건과 복지 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구는 2008년∼2015년의 한국의료패널 자료를 이용하여 중증질환 환자를 포함한 가구의 의료비 지출 형평성을 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 분석 대상은 가구 단위이며 대상 중증질환은 암·심장 질환·뇌혈관 질환이다. 형평성 분석 지수는 집중지수와 카크와니 지수를 사용하였다. 결론적으로 고소득층에서 고가의 의료서비스에 접근하기 쉬워 의료비 지출이 많지만, 부담 능력을 고려했을 때에는 저소득층이 부담 능력에 비해 더 많은 의료비 지출을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 2005년부터 본격적으로 운영된 중증질환 보장성 강화정책에도 불구하고 중증질환은 아직 저소득층에게 많은 재정적 부담이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 중증질환의 보장성 강화를 위한 정책 수립에 있어서 저소득층 환자들의 의료비 부담을 완화하는 방향이 더욱 필요하다. 본 연구는 향후 중증질환 보장성 강화정책의 효과를 비교할 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이라 기대한다. 향후 연구에서는 암의 병기와 같은 중증질환의 중증도를 고려한 의료형평성 연구가 더 필요하다고 생각된다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the health expenditure equity of households including patients with severe chronic diseases studying Korean Healthl Panel data from 2008 to 2015. In this paper, the subjects of interest are households, and the severe chronic diseases includes cancers, heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. This study uses Concentration Index and Kakwani Index for analyzing equities. In conclusion, high-income households are able to access high-priced medical services, which leads to high medical expenditure as opposed to low-income households that are more likely to spend on medical expenses than they can afford. Despite the policy to strengthen the health insurance coverage of severe chronic diseases, which has been in operation since 2005, it has been found that severe chronic diseases still have financial burdens for low-income families. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the financial burden of low-income patients by establishing policies to enhance the health insurance coverage for severe chronic disease. This study is expected to be the basis for measuring the effects of policies that enhance the health insurance coverage of severe diseases in the future. Further the study needs more research about medical equity considering the severity of severe chronic diseases such as stages of a cancer.

국민건강보험 이용자의 의료전달체계 인식에 따른 진료의뢰 개선 방안

정영권(Young Kwon Jeong),서원식(Won Sik Suh) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.12

이 연구는 국민건강보험 이용자의 입장에서 의료전달체계에 대한 인식에 따른 진료의뢰 개선방안을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 국민건강보험 이용자가 1단계 의료기관에서 진료의뢰서를 받아 서울에 소재한 S대학병원(소위 ‘빅 4병원’중 한곳)을 방문한 207명의 외래환자를 대상으로 설문조사를 하였다. 설문 신뢰도는 Cronbach’s α가 0.7이상 이었고 연구방법은 인구학적인 특성은 pearson카이제곱과 Fisher’s exact 검정을, 인식도와 개선요구도 간에는 pearson상관 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 내원환자의 5.9%가 상급종합병원에서 의뢰되어 상급간의 의뢰를 확인하였고, 병원선택요인은 의사의 명성과 신뢰(4.40±.92)가 가장 높았다. 진료의뢰제도에 대해 서울의 대형 상급종합병원으로 쏠리는 현상을 가장 높게 인식하였고 (4.24±.97) 서울의 대형 상급종합병원으로의 집중화현상이 최우선 개선과제로 나타났다(4.05±1.02). 의료전달체계의 인식도와 개선요구도의 상관계수가 0.326으로 매우 유의미한 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였다(p<.01). 이번 연구를 통해 향후 의료전달체계 개선 시 공급자나 보험자가 아닌 이용자중심의 제도개선이 이루어지기를 기대해 본다. This study was carried out to suggest hospital referral system improvements based on health insurance subscriber perceptions of the delivery of healthcare. Health insurance subscriber outpatients (n = 207) referred from a stage 1 medical institution to the S university hospital located in Seoul responded to the study survey. The study"s item reliability is reliable as the Cronbach"s alpha coefficient was greater than 0.7. This study results showed that 5.9% of patients were referred from a higher stage hospital to a same stage hospital. The main factor attracting patients to S university hospital were physician reputation and confidence. The highest factor (4.40 ± .92) was xxxx. In addition, survey respondents reported that the concentration of patients in extra-large hospitals in Seoul (4.24 ± .97) was an important issue, and the issue with the highest priority for improvement (4.05 ± 1.02). A positive correlation was detected between the recognition and improvement of delivery of healthcare (p < 0.01). Based on the results, we suggest that improvements in the delivery of healthcare should focus on patients rather than suppliers of national health insurance or other insurers.

상급종합병원 진료의뢰 요인별 의료이용 양상 - 일개 S대학 병원을 중심으로-

정영권 ( Young-kwon Jeong ),서원식 ( Won Sik Suh ) 한국병원경영학회 2020 병원경영학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Purposes: The purpose of this study is to analyze the institutional and personal factors that affect the medical utilization of patients transferred to tertiary medical institutions. Methodology: We retrospectively analyzed the 2 weeks electronic medical records of 1,556 patients, who were referred to the tertiary hospital, from June 15 to 26, 2015. The patient's personal characteristics, referral hospital, referral path, medical experiences and expenses were analyzed for 6 months after the patient's first visit. Findings: The largest proportion (848; 54.5%) of referrals was referred from primary clinic but the referrals of the same tertiary hospital level were one in seven (228; 14.7%) of the patients. Most patients (1,401; 90%) were referred from the clinics and hospitals directly and only one in ten (155; 10%) of the patients utilized the medical referral center. Patients who had been referred from tertiary care institutions had significantly higher medical costs than those referred to primary care (7,560,000 vs 2,333,000 won). The institutional factors including the numbers of visits to outpatient clinic, previous history of hospitalization and operation, consultation to other medical departments and hospitalization fee significantly influenced on medical utility pattern. Personal factors including patient’s medical diagnosis and department of disease have a highly correlation with patient’s referrals. Practical implications: The medical utilization of medical expenses and experiences is influenced by institutional and individual factors, and it is important to establish a referral system considering the institutional factors of the type of referral hospital

병원조직 구성원의 교육훈련 만족도 결정요인

김춘애(Kim, Choon Ae),서원식(Suh, Won Sik) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.10

이 연구는 병원조직 구성원들의 교육훈련 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석함으로써 경영성 과를 높이기 위한 교육훈련체계의 발전방안을 모색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 4개 종합병원에 근무하고 있는 490명을 대 상으로 설문을 실시한 결과, 병원의 교육훈련 만족도는 인구통계학적 특성에 따라 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 교육훈련 만 족도에는 직무특성과 조직효과성이 통계적으로 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로, 교육에 대한 기대, 직무 특성, 조직효과성이 교육훈련 만족도에 미치는 영향에서 자아효능감의 조절효과를 살펴본 결과, 교육에 대한 기대와 자아효능감의 조절효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 효과적인 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 실천적 함의를 논하였다. The purpose of this study was to suggest a better education programs for general hospitals. To do so, we conduct an empirical analysis of factors associated with employee satisfaction on training and education programs in general hospitals. The subjects were 490 respondents from 4 general hospitals, and the major findings of the study were as follows: First, employee satisfaction on training and education programs were shown statistically significant difference according to their demographic characteristics. Second, hospital employees whose organizational commitment and job performance was better expressed had more satisfaction with the education and training they received. Finally, it was found that self-efficacy had a moderation effect on between expectations for education and satisfaction with education and training. The study finally discusses practical implications for developing effective education program.