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뽕잎 추출물 기원 Flavonoid Rich Fraction의 항비만효과
고은지(Eun Ji Go),류병렬(Byung Ryeol Ryu),양수진(Su Jin Yang),백종섭(Jong Suep Baek),유수지(Su Ji Ryu),김현복(Hyun Bok Kim),임정대(Jung Dae Lim) 한국약용작물학회 2020 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.28 No.6
Background: This study investigated the anti-obesity effect of the flavonoid rich fraction (FRF) and its constituent, rutin obtained from the leaf of Morus alba L., on the lipid accumulation mechanism in 3T3-L1 adipocyte and C57BL/6 mouse models. Methods and Results: In Oil Red O staining, FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) treatments showed inhibition rate of 35.39% in lipid accumulation compared to that in the control. AdipoRedTM assay indicated that the triglyceride content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with FRF (1,000 ㎍/㎖) was reduced to 23.22%, and free glycerol content was increased to 106.04% that of the control. FRF and its major constituent, rutin affected mRNA gene expression. Rutin contributed to the inhibition of Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression, and inhibited the transcription factors SREBP-1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). In addition, the effect of FRF administration on obesity development in C57BL/6 mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) was investigated. FRF suppressed weight gain, and reduced liver triglyceride and leptin secretion. FRF exerted potential anti-inflammatory effects by improving insulin resistance and adiponectin levels, and could thus be used to help counteract obesity. The mRNA expressions of PPAR-γ, FAS, ACC, and CPT-1 were determined in liver tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was also performed to evaluate the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue. Compared to the control group, mice fed the HFD showed the up-regulation in PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α genes, and down-regulation in CPT1 gene expression. FRF treatement markedly reduced the expression of PPAR-γ, FAS, IL-6, and TNF-α compared to those in HFD control, whereas increased the expression level of CPT1. Conclusions: These results suggest that the FRF and its major active constituent, rutin, can be used as effective anti-obesity agents.
매크로 다공성 흡착 수지를 이용하여 정제된 오디 안토시아닌의 지방세포 분화 억제 효과
김현복(Hyun Bok Kim),고은지(Eun Ji Go),류병렬(Byeong Ryeol Ryu),양수진(Su Jin Yang),백종섭(Jong Suep Baek),유수지(Su Ji Ryu),이현태(Hyun Tai Lee),권진우(Jin Woo Kwon),임정대(Jung Dae Lim) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.3
Background: The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of purified mulberry anthocyanin using PB-600 macroporous resin (RPA) in a 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation model and a process for the industrial preparation of mulberry anthocyanins as a natural food and medicine materials. Methods and Results: Compared with the experimental purification using C18 Sep-Pak cartridges, RPA could yield a significantly higher amount of anthocyanins by an increased loading amount, the amount of purified anthocyanin, and cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) purified specifically, decreasing impurities containing cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R) in mulberry extract. To investigate the effect of RPA on cytotoxicity and adipogenesis in vitro, differentiating 3T3-L1 cells in adipocyte-induction media were treated with RPA at various concentrations (50 to 2,000 ㎍/㎖). We found that RPA inhibited 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation without affecting cell viability, while RPA (1,000 ㎍/㎖) treatment reduced the lipid accumulation inhibition rate to 46.44 ± 2.63%. Additionally, the triglyceride content of RPA (1,000 ㎍/㎖)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes decreased to 59.32 ± 1.36% compared to the control (100%). Measuring the anti-obesity effect and gene expression related to lipid metabolism through real-time PCR and experiments were performed at a concentration of less than 1,000 ㎍/㎖. RPA containing anthocyanin and non-anthocyanin fravonoid affects the gene expression of mRNA (SREBP-1c, PPAR, C/EBPα, FAS, and ACC). RPA containing both anthocyanin (C3G and C3R) and non-anthocyanin flavonoid decreased to a higher level than C3G alone in the gene expression of lipid metabolism-related genes, indicating that the lipid metabolism-related genes were significantly reduced. Conclusions: The macroporus PB-600 resin was used to separate anthocyanin in the extract of mulberry, confirming it as an efficient potential method for the industrial production of mulberry anthocyanins. These results suggest that RPA could have a beneficial effect on the inhibition of adipogenesis, and that it may be used as effective anti-obesity agents.
Anti-obesity Effect of Mulberry Anthocyanins in C57BL/6J Mice
Hyun Bok Kim(김현복),Eun Ji Go(고은지),Byeong Ryeol Ryu(류병렬),Ye Rim Shin(신예림),Su Jin Yang(양수진),Jong Suep Baek(백종섭),Jung Dae Lim(임정대) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.5
Background: In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of purified mulberry anthocyanins using PB-600 macroporous resin (RPA), and investigated their effects on the weight of the body, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue, lipid profiles, and mRNA gene expression for lipid metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6J male mice. Methods and Results: Four-week-old C57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were fed an HFD (HFD group) with RPA (HFD + RPA group, 5,000 ㎎/㎏/day, 761.85 ㎎· cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent/g) for 12 weeks. Mice fed HFD showed increased body weight, insulin resistance, and serum and hepatic lipid levels. In comparison, the HFD + RPA group showed significantly lower body weight and fat mass with a decreasing food efficiency ratio than the HFD control mice. Additionally, the RPA group showed significantly lower levels of total cholesterol and blood glucose, decreased homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, attenuated lipid accumulation, and decreased leptin secretion. Regarding the mRNA expression of genes related to anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties, RPA decreased the expression levels of PPARγ, FAS, IL-6, and TNFα, compared to the HFD control, while increased the CPT 1 expression levels increased. Conclusions: These results confirm that RPA, a purified mulberry anthocyanin has anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects and could be used for functional and health-promoting activities, such as reducing obesity and insulin resistance at high doses in obese animals models.