중세영어 강변화동사의 규칙성과 유추변화

박충연 경희대학교 언어연구소 1990 언어연구 Vol.9 No.-

인문학의 기반으로서의 언어와 『인문언어』

박충연 국제언어인문학회 2017 인문언어 Vol.19 No.1

국제언어인문학회는 언어연구의 외연 확장을 도모하며 언어와 상징, 기호에 직간접적으로 관련되는 문학, 건축학, 교육학, 철학, 연극학, 코퍼스, 정보학, 고고학 등 다양한 분야에서의 연구를 통해 학제간 연구를 모색해 왔다. 그러나 현 한국연구재단의 세분된 분류 체계에서는 ‘기타인문학’ 외에 분류될 항목이 없어 이 글을 통해 인문언어의 성격과 연구범주를 선명하게 밝히고자 하였다. 인문언어를 인문학적 통섭을 상징하는 용어로 택한 것은 20세기 후반 이후 언어가 인문학의 기반 요소로 자리잡고 있기 때문이다. 인문언어가 통섭을 지향하는 연구 범주는 한국연구재단 학문연구 분야대분류 체계인 인문학, 사회과학, 복합학, 예술체육학에 속한 중분류 분야 중다음과 같은 것을 들 수 있다. 1) 인문학: 문학, 언어학, 철학, 종교학, 역사학, 통역번역학, 사전학, 2) 사회과학: 심리과학, 인류학, 인지과학, 교육학, 신문방송학, 3) 복합학: 문헌정보학, 인지과학, 감성과학. 학제간연구, 4) 예술체육학: 음악학, 디자인, 사진, 연극, 영화. 이 외에도 소통이나 표현과 관련되고타학문 분야와 연계하여 연구된 글은 편집위원회의 회의를 통해 폭넓게 수용되어야 할 것이다. International Association for Humanistic Studies in Language has sought interdisciplinary and coalescent research on Humanities since its inauguration in 2000. As language has been claimed as the cornerstone of humanistic studies since late 20th century, the association has kept the course in its midstream. This paper is an attempt to clarify the range of fields to be included in Lingua Humanitatis, the official journal of InAHSL, as its extended fields of research, including the related intermediate fields as classified by the Korea Research Foundation as follows; 1) Humanities: literature, linguistics, philosophy, religion, interpretation, translation, and lexicology, 2) Social Sciences: psychology, anthropology, education, and communication, 3) Interdisciplinary Studies: information, cognitive and affective sciences, and 4) Arts and Athletics: musicology, design, photography, theater, and film. More subfields may also be included upon the discussion and decision by the Editorial Board of the Association.

음변화 요인에 따른 후설저모음융합의 시동과 이행

박충연 국제언어인문학회 2012 인문언어 Vol.14 No.1

Regional Traits of the Low Back Merger in Modern American English: On the basis of Actuation & Implementation Factors Choong-Yon Park (Gachon University) The purpose of this study is to find out regional traits of the low back merger that loses phonetic contrast between the vowels /ɑ/ as in cot and /ɔ/ as in caught in Modern American English, on the basis of actuation and implementation factors. The actuation factors responsible for triggering the merger /ɒ/ may be discussed in terms of internal and external factors. In some regions the merger could not be attributed to either of the two mechanisms proposed in the traditional literature that represents phonetically gradual approximation and lexically gradual transfer, since it shows its own way of progress, merger-by-expansion. An analysis of demographic and linguistic data from eastern Pennsylvania reveals that the result of the merger is a new phoneme with the combined phonetic range of the two phonemes that merged rather than a vowel intermediate between them in quality. On the basis of the observations, a mechanism of merger called merger-by-expansion is defined as the lexical constraints on the distribution of two phonemes /ɔ:/ and /ɑ:/ disappear as a result of contact with people who do not observe them, and a new phoneme /ɒ:/ occur. Merger-by-approximation requires no external trigger and proceeds below the level of consciousness. The agents of the merger are native speakers, and the suspension of phonemic contrast is the result of gradual phonetic change which may be occurred by approximation of the two phonemes to be merged. The actuation and diffusion of the low back merger in Kentucky and Cincinnati shows the internal factors such as near-merger in actuation and merger-by-approximation in implication.

한국 무(巫) 언어의 어휘적 특성과 언어계층적 해석

朴忠燕 漢陽大學校 民族學硏究 2001 民族과文化 Vol.10 No.-

자료와 이론(영어사 연구의 한 단면)

박충연 한국영어학학회 1997 영어학연구 Vol.- No.3

미국영어에서의 후설원순저모음의 사용분포와 확산추이

박충연 국제언어인문학회 2006 인문언어 Vol.8 No.-

In some American English dialects, the vowels /ɑ:/ or /ɔ:/ have been replaced with /ɒ:/, as in caught /kɒ:t/ dog /dɒ:g/ that were pronounced in /kɔ:t/, and /dɔ:g/ previously. General American does not have /ɒ:/ in its vowel system. But in East American and Western Pensylvania, cot and caught are homophones, /kɒ:t/, and similarly with other pairs such as collar vs. caller, stock vs. stalk, don vs. down, knotty vs. naughty. The use of /ɑ/ or /ɔ/ is quite unstable, and is a well-known diagnostic for distinguishing the northern speech area of the United States from the midland and southern area. For an increasing number of Americans, however, entirely lack the opposition between /ɑ/ and /ɔ/, merging to /ɒ/, referring to ‘both’ of the vowels of lot. This paper investigates the use of /ɒ:/ in American dialects and its relationship with /ɑ:/, /ɔ:/ in AE, and with short /ɒ/ in RP. Examining the isoglosses of the use of /ɒ:/ in various databases of the phonological atlas of North America, this paper discusses the use, position, and trend of merger to /ɒ:/ from the vowels of /ɑ:/ and /ɔ:/ in Current American English.

포먼트 분포와 궤적에 따른 미국영어 후설저모음융합의 지역적 특징

박충연(Park, Choong-Yon) 한국영어학학회 2011 영어학연구 Vol.17 No.2

The phonetic contrast between the vowels /ɑ/ and /ɔ/ is being lost through a sound change known as the low back vowel merger for last centuries in America. The low-back merger represents an ongoing change in contemporary American English and is one of key elements in extensive vowel shift that typifies the regional characteristics. This paper investigates the role of formant frequencies or formant trajectories in regional traits of the low back merger. Analysis of the formant data shows numerous differences among the regions, both in terms of average frequencies of F1 and F2, and the degree of overlap among adjacent vowels. Vowels /ɑ/, /ɔ/, and /ɒ/ can be separated with a high degree of accuracy if spectral change information is included. The examination of the low back vowel merger verifies that this is an active sound change spreading in the United States.

한국 무(巫) 언어의 어휘적 특성과 언어계층적 해석

박충연 ( Chung Yun Park ) 한국샤머니즘학회 2002 샤머니즘연구 Vol.4 No.-

현대일반미국영어 후설저모음 합류와 /?/로의 음소화

박충연(Park, Choong-Yon) 한국영어학학회 2010 영어학연구 Vol.16 No.3

This study predicts that the low-back merger in MGA will be implemented with loss of vowel length giving rise to /?/ as a new phoneme. For the low-back merger, vowels /α:/ or /?:/ as in thought /θα:t/ and caught /k?:t/ have been in the process of merging with [?:] so that these words are now pronounced as [θ?:t] and [k?:t] without distinction. Although [?:] has been considered as an allophone, its phonemicization has been postulated with various sources of evidence, such as Philadelphia speakers exemplified by Jenny Rosetti and in-migrant adults in the region of King of Prussia, several judicial cases, the Bill Peters effect, a tendency for merger among younger speakers, and the results of the treatment of minimal pairs. On the basis of phonemicization of the allophone [?:], this study further predicts that the process will be implemented until it is replaced with phoneme /?/ as in RP. In support of the prediction, some pieces of evidence such as the redundancy of vowel length in MGA (Chomsky and Halle 1968, Wells 1990a), tensification and diphthongization of vowels in MGA (Halle and Mohanan 1985), and monophthongization and shortening of OE or ME [?:] or [α:] to /?/ in RP will be presented.

Anglo-Norman과 Anglo-French의 생태적 배경

박충연(Park Choong Yon) 한국영어학학회 2016 영어학연구 Vol.22 No.2

This paper investigates the survival and death of languages that influenced Middle English from the emergence of the Franks. As one of the Germanic tribes, the Franks had their own language when they nested on the area of Gallia. Adapting themselves to the circumstances of Gallo-Romance, they eventually established their own language, Old French. Gallo-Romance was a dialect of Classical Latin and was the main source of Anglo-Norman & Anglo-French. The language of Normandie, a dialect of Old French, along with those of Anjou and Picardie, which were in the northwest area of France, made the basis of Anglo-Norman. Middle French that became Anglo-French also influenced Middle English. This paper investigates the influence of Vulgar Latin on Middle English by examining some social, phonological and lexical relationships among the inherited languages.