우리나라의 人口調節對策과 그 問題點

朴準翼(Park Jun Ik) 한국인구학회 1979 한국인구학 Vol.2 No.1

Population control policy has been and is currently implemented through family planning projects and emigration policy. Although the effects of emigration on population growth is minimal, it is one of the programs to be continued. On the other hand, family planning has produced a dramatic reduction of birth rate from 43 per 1,000 population in 1960 to 24 per 1,000 in 1975. There exist, however, unsolved problems in family planning. One is that the birth control practice among women has become prevalent later than in other countries. Another is boy-preference which interferes with the birth control practice. In order to overcome these problems during the Fourth Five Year plan period, the following support for family planning programs are called for. First, a social security system for the elderly be instituted. Second, one of the causes of boy-preference should be abolished through a revision of laws governing inheritance; At present, Korean inheritance law limits the head of household succession to the male survivors only. The law should be amended so that female survivors may also inherit the household belongings as the heads of households. This would reduce the boy-preference behavior of parents. Third, the opportunity for women to participate in economic and other activities should be improved and the education policy for women should be reformulated with the goal of making it more career oriented. The contribution of various family planning programs to the effectiveness of the overall population policy of Korea is significant. Since 1962 when the government started family planning programs to 1976, it is estimated that about one million people received family planning services through government funds including pills, loops, and other contraceptive services. In addition, about one million people practice family planning with private funds in 1976. This amounts to about 44 percent of all married women of child bearing age. When one considers the fact that only about 9 percent of these women practiced family planning in 1966, the contribution made by family planning programs with public and private funds is significant indeed. Recently, however, family planning programs have encountered some difficult problems. The followings are suggested to overcome these problems. Several steps should be taken to implement effectively family planning programs. First, an effective organizational method should be instituted to distribute contraceptive information and devices through various non-government and commercial organizations. Second, the distribution of contraceptive information and devices should be carried out not only by governmental organizations but also by various community development agencies including Saemaul Movements agencies. In urban centers, low income and other groups which have a low rate of birth control practice should be specially targeted for the distribution of contraceptive information and devices by the specially designated organizations and business associations. Third, in order to improve the effectiveness of family planning programs, the evaluation and improvement of the management side of the programs should be emphasized. Fourth, the recruitment of qualified people for family planning programs should be vigorously conducted.

Quercetin Sensitizes Human Leukemic Cells to TRAIL-induced Apoptosis: Involvement of DNA-PK/Akt Signal Transduction Pathway

Jun-Ik Park(박준익),Mi-Ju Kim(김미주),Hak-Bong Kim(김학봉),Jae-Ho Bae(배재호),Jae-Won Lee,Soo-Jung Park(박수정),Dong-Wan Kim(김동완),Chi-Dug Kang(강치덕),Sun-Hee Kim(김선희) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.8

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) 는 암세포에만 작용하고 정상세포에는 영향을 주지 않는 항암제로서 알려져 있지만, TRAIL에 내성을 나타내는 암세포의 출현이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 사람 백혈병세포인 K562 및 CEM 세포는 TRAIL에 내성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 백혈병 세포의 TRAIL 내성에 대한 새로운 표적 분자의 발굴과 이를 토대로 한 새로운 내성극복 방법을 연구하였다. 새로운 TRAIL sensitizer로서 quercetin을 발굴하고, 이를 K562 세포에 TRAIL과 병용 투여하므로서 TRAIL의 효과 증강에 의한 내성극복을 시도하였다. Quercetin은 DNA-PK/Akt 신호전달경로를 억제하므로서, caspases 활성 증강과 PARP cleavage, 이에 따른 Bax의 발현을 증강시키는 기전으로 K562 세포의 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis를 증대시키는 활성이 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 quercetin 병용 처리에 의한 TRAIL 의 활성 증강으로 TRAIL 내성이 극복됨을 CEM 세포에서도 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 DNA-PK 발현 증강에 의한 Akt의 활성화가 TRAIL 내성을 유발하는 기전을 토대로 함을 밝힘으로써, DNA-PK 활성 억제제를 TRAIL과 병용하므로서 TRAIL 내성을 나타내는 암세포에 내성 극복 효과를 얻을 수 있는 새로운 약제 병용 방법을 제시하였다. Despite the fact that many cancer cells are sensitive to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis, some cancer cells show either partial or complete resistance to TRAIL. Human leukemic K562 and CEM cells also show resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Novel molecular target and treatment strategies are required to overcome TRAIL resistance of human leukemia cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to target key anti-apoptotic molecules deciding TRAIL resistance for sensitization of TRAIL-resistant K562 and CEM cells, and to evaluate the effect of quercetin as a TRAIL sensitizer on these TRAIL-resistant cells. We found that quercetin acted in synergy with TRAIL to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in K562 cells by inhibition of the DNA-PK/Akt signaling pathway, which leads to enhancement of TRAIL-mediated activation of caspases and concurrent cleavage of PARP and up-regulation of Bax. The findings suggest that the DNA-PK/Akt signaling pathway plays an essential role in regulating cells to escape from TRAIL-induced apoptosis, and quercetin could act in synergy with TRAIL to increase apoptosis by inhibition of the DNA-PK/Akt signaling pathway, which overcomes TRAIL-resistance of K562 and CEM cells. This study suggests that DNA-PK might interfere with TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human leukemic cells through activation of the Akt signaling pathway.

Quercetin Potentiates TRAIL-induced Apoptosis in Human Colon KM12 Cells

Jun-Ik Park(박준익),Hak-Bong Kim(김학봉),Mi-Ju Kim(김미주),Jae-Won Lee(이재원),Jae-Ho Bae(배재호),Soo-Jung Park(박수정),Dong-Wan Kim(김동완),Chi-Dug Kang(강치덕),Sun-Hee Kim(김선희) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.9

많은 암세포에 선택적 세포독성을 나타내는 TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)는 유효한 항암제로서 사용될 수 있지만, TRAIL에 내성을 나타내는 암세포에는 TRAIL-sensitization의 방법이 필요하다. 사람 대장암 세포인 KM12 세포도 TRAIL에 내성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 KM12세포의 TRAIL 내성에 대한 새로운 표적 분자의 발굴과 이를 토대로 한 새로운 내성극복 방법을 연구하였다. 새로운 TRAIL sensitizer로서 quercetin 을 발굴하고, 이를 KM12세포에 TRAIL 과 병용 처리하여TRAIL의 효과증강을 시도하였다. KM12세포에서 quercetin은 c-FLIP 의 발현을 감소시키고, DNA-PK/Akt 신호전달경로를 억제하므로서, death receptors (DR4/DR5) 발현을 증강시켰다. 또한 caspases (caspase 3, -8 및 -9)활성 증강과 PARP cleavage, 이에 따른 Bax의 발현을 증강시키는 기전으로 TRAIL에 의한 apoptosis를 증대시키는 활성이 있음을 밝혔다. 즉 quercetin이 KM12세포의 TRAIL-sensitization에 사용될 수 있음을 제시하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 대장암의 치료 시 TRAIL과 quercetin 병용하므로서 치료 효과를 높일 수 있는 새로운 약제 병용 방법을 제시하였고, 다른 TRAIL 내성 종양에 응용 될 수 있음을 시사하였다. Many cancer cells are sensitive to the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. However, some cancer cells show either partial or complete resistance to TRAIL. Human colon carcinoma KM12 cells have been shown to be insensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. To overcome TRAIL resistance in KM12 cells, we targeted key anti-apoptotic molecules involved in the modulation of TRAIL resistance in the cells, and evaluated the effects of quercetin as a TRAIL sensitizer in the cells. We found that quercetin acted in synergy with TRAIL to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis in KM12 cells by the down-regulation of c-FLIP and DNA-PKcs/Akt and up-regulation of death receptors (DR4/DR5), which led to the enhancement of TRAIL-mediated activation of caspases and subsequent cleavage of PARP, as well as up-regulation of Bax. These findings suggest that the DNA-PKcs/Akt signaling pathway, as well as c-FLIP, play essential roles in regulating cells in the escape from TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Based on these results, this study provides a potential application of quercetin in combination with TRAIL in the treatment of human colon cancer.

강관추진시 관경에 따른 지반변형 특성의 수치해석적 평가

조국환(Cho, Kook-Hwan),박준익(Park, Jun-Ik),허철범(Heo, Cheo-Beom) 한국지반신소재학회 2017 한국토목섬유학회 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.4

일측 Cohen 항역류수술 후 발생한 대측 방광요관역류에 관한 대조군 연구 술 후 방광삼각부 변형이 원인인가?

박준익,최호철,최성협 大韓泌尿器科學會 2001 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.42 No.10

기종성 방광염 2례

박준익,심주명,정성윤,서영훈,정재일,최호철,최성협,이헌성 大韓泌尿器科學會 2000 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.41 No.8

산전 초음파 검사로 발견된 신우요관이행부 폐색의 임상양상과 분리신기능의 변화

강성세,박준익,최호철,최성협 인제대학교 2000 仁濟醫學 Vol.21 No.2

Purposes: Prenatal ultrasound leads to the early detection of hydronephrosis. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with prenatal hydronephrosis to prove the benefits of conservative management approach from the point of view of renal function compared with symptomatic ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Materials and Methods: From 1989 to 1999, the clinical records of 47 consecutive children with UPJO were reviewed. Patients were divided into group 1-22 who presented wish prenatal hydronephrosis and group 2-25 who presented with symptoms leading to the diagnosis of UPJO. Individual renal function was evaluated and obstruction was confirmed by diuretic DTPA renography Results: Prenatal hydronephrosis improved or disappeared in 59.1% and remained stable in 18.2% of the kidneys during follow-up. Of the 22 patients 5 (22.7%) eventually underwent pyeloplasty at 7-12 months. Indications for pyeloplasty included worsening hydroneprosis in 2, urinary tract infection in 1, deterioration of differential renal function greater than 10% in 1, worsening drainage time in 1. Improved renal function greater than 5% was noted in 84.6% of the patients with conservative treat-ment in group 1. Pre- and post-pyeloplasty differential renal function was 42.3%/49.3%(+7.0%) in group 1 and 41.5%/43.7%(+2.2%) in group 2. Poor differential renal function (less than 35%) was more pronounced in group 2 than in group 1 (36.0% versus 13.6%). Conclusions: We believe that patients who undergo prenatal imaging and are diagnosed early with UPJO should be carefully and meticulously followed. Renal functional improvement can be expected in the majority of prenatally detected UPJO with conservative treatment. Early pyeloplasty should be considered in patients wish deterioration of renal function. But our findings do not support that poor function markedly improves after obstruction is relieved and drainage time improves.

역전된 Y형의 선천성 중복요도 1례

서영훈,정성윤,심주명,강성세,박준익,최호철,최성협 大韓泌尿器科學會 2000 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.41 No.6