http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
남궁봉 서울대학교 지리교육과 1980 지리학과 지리교육 Vol.10 No.1
It is a very important matter to discuss how the Chinese overseas immigrated into the Korean peninsula and how they are distributed. Equally important is to know how they make their living and what kind of culture they have in foreign lands. I pursued these topics with several historical documents. It is very reasonable to divide the time span into three parts because each period has very typical characteristics on the immigration pattern of the Chinese overseas and their living. Open-port Period(1882∼1910) During this time China had a political superiority to the Korean peninsula. They forced the Korean government with this political superiority to a trade treaty which permited immigration of Chinese traders and merchants. During the first phase, they immigrated their people into the open-port areas and the capital city, Seoul. After the trade treaty, they came into Korea as traders and merchants, especially into Kyoung-In region (Seoul and Incheon area, the heart of the Korean -peninsula). At that time, their distribution are restricted to the major open-port areas, for example, Seoul, Incheon. Pusan, and Wonsan. Their population vvas approximately 13,000 when Korea came under Japanese rule (1910). Japanese Governed Period(1910∼1945) The Chinese lost their prestige on trade and commerce during the Japanese colonial authority wanted to decrease Chinese traders and merchants in Korea. As a result, their commercial powers were restricted and demolished. Their commerce and trade fell to the subsistance level. They made their living by opening Chinese restaurants, raising vegetables, and working as a coolies. But their population increased day by day in spite of Japanese strict limitations. They experienced tie increase and decrease of their population. These tendencies matched their mother land's political and economical situations. During this period their population reached about 100,000 in 1941∼1942. Their distribution patterns in Korea at this time are scattered all over the Korean peninsula. But they were beginning to gather into the urban areas. Liberation Period (1945∼) After liberation from Japanese rule, the Chinese overseas decreased rapidly because many Chinese people returned to their mother land and their number decreased about 20,000. After Korean tear their population increased a little mainly because of Chinese refugees from North Korea. But their economy was seriously hurt by the war and they lost opportunities to rebuild their economy. After that time they have had many difficulties in sustaining a high living standard in Korea. Nowadays, their distribution patterns in Korea are fixed into a urban-centred type of distribution. They are scattered over 52 urban areas. Primarily their distribution patterns are centred is large metropolitan areas such as Seoul, Pusan, Taegu, Iacheon and Krangju. After Korean industrialization and urbanization, they moved to the large urban areas. Their population has increased in the metropolitan area. Their outflow regions are concentrated in provinces of the Nothern part and North-esrern part of China which are the nearest provinces to the Korean peninsula. The Chinese overseas in Korea retain their culture and their characteristics as Chinese. They maintain their own culture, own credit system, and their educational system. They make their own economical and cultural ghetto in Korean society. In recent times they have not had new-comers from their home land. Their population increases are coming from only natural increase.