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Objective Tinnitus Concomitant with Eye Blinking: A Case Report
김태환,장호준,박순형,남성일 대한청각학회 2015 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.19 No.2
Tinnitus is a common auditory phenomenon associated with many otological diseases, and is usually subjective. Objective tinnitus can be generated by para-auditory structures, usually derived from vascular or myogenic sources, or the eustachian tube. We present a rare case of intermittent unilateral tinnitus associated with eye blinking. Otoendoscopic examination showed that the external auditory canals and tympanic membranes were normal; however, rhythmic movements of both tympanic membranes, concomitant with the tinnitus, were evident whenever the patient blinked. The tympanometry and stapedial reflexes measured via impedance audiometry exhibited saw-tooth patterns; movement of the tympanic membrane was associated with eyelid blinking. The patient was managed conservatively, with reassurance and medication, and the condition became well-controlled. Here, we present this educational case and review the literature.
김태환 한국유교학회 2017 유교사상문화연구 Vol.0 No.70
According to Hakbong's conflicting view, Toegye did not have to decline rare occasions on the job because he had very little chance of being appointed to senior positions. But he was not willing to accept the chance of being appointed to senior positions because of the political situation at the time that he had to inevitably decline it. This view formed a unified context with the view disregarding the man who said, "The master has little attention in the government positions", as a man who must be called "He does not know the master well", and blamed Toegye's traces of frequent resignations and returns to the decadent days and fallen political contexts. However, denying that the whole mind of Toegye, who had repeatedly declining all excessive government positions, was a falsehood is not Hakbong's heart. Hakbong said, through his conflicting view, that Toegye was hoping to gain a government positions. Toegye's sincere heart is of course not that. In Toegye's sincere heart, He could not finally accept this, because the king was deceived by a vain name and gave him too much excessive grace to a very foolish body that has been disabled by ill. Based on these words, Hakbong said, "We can understand his usual will and feelings." Hakbong who say these words and the man of saying those words, Toegye was hoping to gain a government positions, are incompatible. One of them necessarily produces a gap. This is the main point to note whenever we want to find any truth with the records of Toegye's sayings and deeds. The textual critical review on the records of Toegye's sayings and deeds, written by Hakbong, is more urgent task for Hakbong himself. 학봉의 이견에 따르면, 퇴계는 고위직에 제수된 기회가 많지도 않았던 만큼 드물게 주어진 그것을 굳이 사양하려 해서 사양했던 것이 아니다. 그것을 못내 사양할 수밖에 없었던 당시의 정국에 말미암아 선뜻 받으려 하지 않았을 뿐이다. 이러한 견해는 ‘선생은 본디 벼슬할 뜻이 적었다.’라는 소견을 ‘선생을 잘 아는 사람이 아니다.’라고 일축하는 견해와 더불어 하나의 맥락을 이루게 되면서 퇴계의 잦았던 사직과 귀향의 자취를 쇠퇴한 시절과 타락한 정치 현실의 탓으로 돌린다. 그러나 분외의 벼슬을 거듭 사양했던 퇴계의 그 마음을 통틀어 거짓인 양으로 부정하는 것은 결코 학봉의 본의가 아니다. 학봉의 이견은 학봉의 본의를 크게 벗어나 퇴계가 마치 벼슬에 미련을 두고 있었던 것처럼 말한다. 퇴계의 본심은 당연히 그것이 아니다. 퇴계의 본심을 말하면, 임금이 실속이 없는 이름[虛名]에 속아서 대단히 어리석은 몸[大愚]이자 병들어 쓰지 못하게 된 몸[劇病]에게 지나친 은혜[誤恩]를 베푸니, 이것을 마침내 받아들일 수 없었다. 학봉은 여기서 퇴계의 ‘평소 심정을 알 수 있다.’라고 했었다. 이렇게 말하는 학봉과 퇴계가 마치 벼슬에 미련을 두고 있었던 것처럼 말하는 소견은 양립할 수 없는 모순의 관계다. 한쪽은 반드시 괴리를 낳는다. 이것은 퇴계의 언행록을 가지고 우리가 어떠한 진실을 찾고자 할 때에 언제나 유의해야 할 점이다. 학봉이 작성한 퇴계의 언행록에 대한 원전 비평적 성찰은 오히려 학봉을 위하여 더욱 절실한 과제다.