여름어리표범나비(Mellicta ambigua (Menetries))의 생태적 특성에 관한 보고

김세권 ( Se Gwon Kim ),남경필 ( Gyoung Pil Nam ),김남이 ( Nam Ee Kim ),배경신 ( Kyoung Sin Bae ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ),이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ) 한국잠사학회 2014 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Recently the number of the butterflies, Mellicta ambigua, had been decreasing rapidly, and already disappeared at many habitat. In this studies, we investigated ecological environment of Mellicta ambigua for preparing of primary research data recovering habitat, and studied on bionomical characteristics. Two different habitat, Jindo and Inje, were selected for investigation of ecological environment. We investigated four times during 3-month, from June to August in 2012. In Jindo, we observed more than 100 butterflies and a lot of host plants, Melampyrum roseum var. japonicum. But only 5 butterflies and only a few host plants, Veronicastrum sibiricum were observed in Inje. We could not observe the eggs, the larva and pupa on the host plants at all. For finding of bionomical characteritics, we reared butterflies at natural conditions. Collected 3-female butterflies from Jindo laid 465 eggs on the leaves of 3-host plants, Veronicastrum sibiricum. 120 ~ 186 eggs per each female were laid in the shape of cluster. An egg was globular shape, 0.6 mm diameter and 0.7 mm height. The egg periods were 9.96 ± 0.4 days after ovipositioning, and the hatchability was 95.% at natural condition. The larval periods were 4.1 ± 0.6 days (1st instar), 2.1 ± 1.0 days (2nd), 8.1 ± 0.7 days (3rd), 239.2 ± 10.9 days (4th), 12.3 ± 1.3 days (5th), 17.1 ± 1.1 days (6th), 10.5 ± 1.0 days (7th) each other. The larva of 4th instar overwintered in the nest that had been made into the leaf of host plant with secreted thread as a group until early March next year. In the early March next year, overwintered larva went around their nest in search of host plants, and went to other host plants, Veronica persica and Plantago asiatica, sometimes. The overwintered larva of Mellicta ambigua could grow up on two other host plants normally. In the following experiment, the butterflies of Mellicta ambigua laid eggs on the leaves of Plantago asiatica, but the 1st instar larva from eggs died all. The headwidth of each developmental larval stage were 0.28 ± 0.02 mm (1st), 0.45 ± 0.02 mm (2nd), 0.58 ± 0.02 mm (3rd), 0.75 ± 0.03 mm (4th), 0.89 ± 0.05 mm (5th), 1.23 ± 0.06 mm (6th), 2.13 ± 0.11 mm (7th). The pupal ratio was 92.0%. The pupal period were 9.1 ± 1.6 days, and the emergence rate was 88.6%. As a result we determined that Mellicta ambigua can rear at natural conditions. But indoor-rearing is considered to be difficult and not useful industrially, because they have long term larval stage and only one life cycle per an year.

$\alpha$-Chymotrypsin 을 이용한 Kyotorphin 유도체의 합성

전유진,김세권,Jeon, Yu Jin,Kim, Se Gwon 대한화학회 1994 대한화학회지 Vol.38 No.6

효소를 이용한 생리활성 펩티드의 합성 연구에 관한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여, Kyotorphin(진통작용을 가진 펩티드) 유도체가 $\alpha-chymotrysin$를 이용한 이상계(two phase system;유기상과 수용액상)조건하에서 Ac-Tyr-OH 와 $Arg-NH_2$로부터 합성되었다. Ac-Tyr-OH(10 mM)과 $Arg-NH_2$ (20 mM)와의 Kyotorphin 유도체 합성에 대한 유기용매의 효과에서 ethyl acetate계에서의 합성 수율이 다른 유기용매(dichloromethane, n-butanol, n-hexane, chloroform)에서 보다도 더 높았다. Kyotorphin 유도체의 합성에 미치는 최적조건을 보면, 효소 농도는 10 ${\mu}M$, 온도 및 pH는 각각 $35^{\circ}C$ 및 7.0이었으며, 유기상/수용액상의 비$(\alpha)$는 15였다. Kyotorphin 유도체 합성의 최적 반응조건하에서 수율은 70.2%였으며, 이때의 반응은 24시간 후에 평형에 도달하였다. In order to obtain the basic data for synthetic studies of bioactive peptide using enzyme, Kyotorphin(analgesic peptide) derivative was synthesized from Ac-Tyr-OH and $Arg-NH_2$ by $\alpha-chymotrysin$ in two phase system(organic phase and aqueous phase). In effect of organic solvent on Kyotorphin derivative synthesis from Ac-Tyr-OH(10 mM) and $Arg-NH_2$ (20 mM), the synthesis in ethyl acetate system of organic solvents was higher than those in other organic solvents (n-butanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane and chloroform). The optimal conditions for the synthesis are as follows: enzyme conc., 10 ${\mu}M;$ reaction pH, 7.0; reaction temp., $35^{\circ}C$ ; the ratio of organic phase volume/aqueous phase volume $(\alpha)$, 15. Under the optimal conditions, the yield was 70.2%, and the reaction achieved to equilibrium after 24 hrs.

공작나비(Peacock butterfly), Inachis io (Linnaeus)의 서식지 조사 및 실내사육 조건 구명

이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ),김세권 ( Se Gwon Kim ),남경필 ( Gyoung Pil Nam ),손재덕 ( Jai Duk Son ),김남이 ( Nam Ee Kim ),박영규 ( Young Kyu Park ),강필돈 ( Pil Don Kang ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.1

This study was conducted for investigation of habitat and development of indoor-rearing conditions of peacock butterfly, Inachis io (Linnaeus). Three different region, Mt. Kwangduk-san, Mt. Hae-san and Mt. Taebaek-san in Kangwon-do, was selected for investigation of domestic distribution and ecological environment of peacock butterfly. In result, there are many butterflies in the only two region, Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. On 16th April, 4 overwintered butterflies were observed in Mt. Hae-san. At the end of June and early in July, 51 individual next generation`s butterflies were observed in Mt. Kwangduk-san and Mt. Hae-san. For development of indoor-rearing conditions, collected each 15 male and female peacock butterflies was reared in a room condition. Female butterflies laid eggs in the egg cluster on the underside of host-plant`s leaves, Urtica angustifolia Fisch., in the ovipositioning room. We took 11 egg cluster with average 404.6 ± 23.6 eggs. Hatchablity of eggs was 92.3%, and the eggs hatched within 5.1 ± 0.9 days from the day of oviposition under high temperature, long day condition(25oC, 14L:10D). The larval period was 18.3 ± 1.0 days under high temperature, long day condition(25oC, 14L:10D), showing 81.0% pupal ratio. The headwidth of each developmental larval stage were 0.37 ± 0.01mm(1st instar), 0.66 ± 0.02 mm(2nd instar), 1.07 ± 0.05 mm(3rd instar), 1.81 ± 0.07(4th instar), 2.76 ± 0.08(5th instar). The pupal period was 8.4 ± 0.6 days, and the emergence rate was 87.5%.

남방노랑나비(Eurema hecabe)의 생태환경 및 실내사육 조건에 관한 연구

이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ),김세권 ( Se Gwon Kim ),남경필 ( Gyoung Pil Nam ),손재덕 ( Jai Duk Son ),이진구 ( Jin Gu Lee ),박영규 ( Young Kyu Park ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ),이영보 ( Young Bo Lee ) 한국잠사학회 2012 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.50 No.2

The Aims of this study are to investigate ecological environments and indoor-rearing conditions of Eurema hecabe for artificial rearing. Two different nesting site, a open area nearby small river(A area; Daejin-ri, Gonyang-myeon, Sachunsi, Gyoungsangnam-do) and a foot of a hill area(B area; Noryang-ri, Seolcheon-myeon, Namhae-gun, Kyoungsangnamdo), selected for investigation of ecological habitat environment, and investigated two times per month, during six month, from June to November in 2010. In result, the number of butterflies, Eurema hecabe, at the hill area(B area) was 6 times more than the open area(A area). We observed the number of eggs, larvae and puapae in the B area more times compared to those in the A area. In the B area, Lespedeza cuneata was higher preference than the other host plant, Lespedeza pilosa and Albizia julibrissin. For development of indoor-rearing conditions, common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe, was reared in a room condition. As a result of oviposition preference experiment, 100-mated-female laid significantly higher number of eggs 104.9 ± 19.6 on Lespedeza cuneata plant, whereas the number of eggs was 12.7 ± 4.5 on Cassia obtusifolia plant. Moreover, the eggs hatched within 5.1 ± 0.9 days from the day of oviposition and procent of egg hatchability was 53.7% on host plant. The headwidth of each developmental larval stage were 0.36 ± 0.02(1st), 0.61 ± 0.02(2nd), 0.93 ± 0.05(3rd), 1.46 ± 0.08(4th), 2.25 ± 0.11(5th). The larval period was 12.1 ± 0.9 days under high temperature, long day condition(25oC, 16L : 8D), showing 81.0% pupal ratio. The pupal period was 6.9 ± 0.7 days, and the emergence rate was 79.6%. Based on above experiment, artificial rearing system of common grass yellow butterfly, Eurema hecabe was completed in indoor condition.

고의사고 면책 원칙의 완화와 징벌적 배상의 보험담보

김재형(Jae-Hyeong Kim),김세권(Se-Gwon Kim) 충남대학교 법학연구소 2015 法學硏究 Vol.26 No.1

징벌적 손해배상은 대부분 고의로 일으킨 불법행위에 대해서 부과되는 사적 벌금에 해당한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 징벌적 손해배상에 대해서 과연 보험 적용이 가능한지 그 여부를 미국의 추세를 바탕으로 검토해 보았다. 현재 우리나라의 경우 상법 제659조 제1항에 따라 책임보험 계약을 포함한 모든 보험계약에 있어서 고의의 보험사고를 보상하는 약정은 반사회적 법률행위로서 무효라는 것이 통설적인 입장이다. 그러나 최근 책임보험의 경우에는 피해자 보호 중시 경향에 따라 책임보험약관에 근거하여 보험담보가 분명하게 보장된 여러 가지 고의적인 불법행위들이 나타나고 있다. 불법적인 체포, 구류, 유치, 구금 또는 무고, 명예훼손 또는 사생활침해 등이 여기에 해당한다. 또 미국의 대부분의 주에서 징벌적 손해배상의 보험적용이 인정되고 있다. 더 나아가 작성자불이익의 원칙, 합리적 기대의 원칙과 같은 보험약관 해석의 원칙에 따라 보험회사는 고의사고의 경우에도 보상의무를 벗어나기 어려운 경우도 적지 않다. 따라서 최소한 책임보험에서는 고의사고 면책 원칙의 절대성은 크게 퇴색된 셈이다. 이제 책임보험에서 고의사고 면책 원칙이 보험계약 이론의 구성원리로서 절대성을 누리기는 어렵다고 여겨진다. 따라서 책임보험 이론의 초점이 피해자 보호 문제에 집중되고 있는 현실에서 책임보험 계약 관계에서는 고의사고 면책 원칙을 배제하는 것이 타당하다고 본다. 이와 함께 징벌적 손해배상에 대해서도 보험적용을 인정할 필요성이 있다고 생각된다. 미국에서 징벌적 손해배상에 대한 보험적용을 인정하고 있는 주가 계속해서 늘어가고 있는데, 현재 직접책임 또는 대표자책임 모두를 전혀 인정하지 않고 있는 주는 51개 중에서 3개주에 불과하다. 현재 우리나라의 경우는 징벌적 손해배상 제도가 매우 제한적으로 도입되었기 때문에 처벌과 재발방지가 목적이라는 것이 크게 부각되어 있어 보험적용은 아직 무리한 발상으로 여겨질 수 있다. 그러나 점차 다양한 분야에서 징벌적 손해배상 제도의 인정이 늘어가게 되면 징벌적 손해배상에 대한 보험적용도 인정되는 방향으로 나갈 것으로 짐작된다. There is controversy on the proposition that insurance is not available for injuries or damage intentionally caused. Especially in liability insurance, there is hot controversial on this proposition. The supporters of this proposition argues that it would be against “public policy” to allow insurance to cover injuries or damage intentionally caused by the policyholder. Lately, however, there are an array of intentional torts for which insurance coverage is expressly provided under liability policies. For example, insurance coverage is available for defamation, disparagement, trademark infringement, misappropriation of style doing business, unfair competition, infringement of copyright. Under well-established insurance policy interpretation principles such as contra proferentum and the “reasonable expectations” doctrine, insurers cannot escape their coverage obligations for these types of claims based upon the “expected or intended” exclusion even though these types of claims result in injuries or damages that typically are intentionally caused by the policyholder because the policyholder reasonably expects that the coverage the insurer expressly agreed to provide will, in fact, be provided. Besides, there is no empirical evidence to support the assumption that insurance promotes intentional wrongdoing. Further, there are competing public policies that favor the enforcement of an insurer’s agreement to provide coverage under its policies and the need to compensate the victims. So it is necessary that a policyholder can obtain insurance coverage for punitive damages.

호랑나비(Papilio xuthus)의 생육특성에 관한 연구

이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ),김세권 ( Se Gwon Kim ),김남이 ( Nam Ee Kim ),배경신 ( Kyoung Sin Bae ),최영철 ( Young Cheol Choi ) 한국잠사학회 2013 한국잠사곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.2

This study was investigation for primary bionomical characteristics, emergence rate of wintering type pupa and oviposition preference, of Papilio xuthus. The emergence rate of wintering type pupa stored at cold chamber (4 ± 1oC) was 85%, after 10 months. The average emergence rate of wintering type pupa during storage was 89.6%, and the emergence periods were 7.9 ± 1.9days in room temperature. Mating ratio in large oviposition room, 6,000 × 6,000 × 3,500mm (W× L × H),was 86.7 ± 5.8% higher than 63.3 ± 15.3% in small room, 2,500 × 3,000 × 2,000mm (W× L × H). But the number of eggs in the large room were 137.0 ± 16.5 fewer than 141.7 ± 20.4 in the small room. As a result of oviposition preference experiment on three different host plants, 10 mated female laid 141.7 ± 27.8 on the leaves of Phellodendron amurensew more than 67.7 ± 20.6 on Zanthoxylum schinifolium and 77.0 ± 21.8 on Citrus unshiu. The egg periods were 4.4 ± 0.8 days after oviposition, and the hatchability was 92.2% in 25oC room condition. The larval period were 19.9 ± 2.1 days in the high temperature, long day condition(25oC, 14L : 10D). The headwidth of each developmental larval stage were 0.72 ± 0.02 (1st), 1.19 ± 0.02 (2nd), 1.65 ± 0.05 (3rd), 2.43 ± 0.07 (4th), 3.21 ± 0.12 (5th). The pupal ratio was 91.6%. The pupal period were 8.8 ± 0.9 days, and the emergence rate was 92.2%.

Development of soluble calcium from fish frame and study on its bioavailability

정원교 ( Jeong Won Gyo ),박표잠 ( Park Pyo Jam ),문성훈 ( Mun Seong Hun ),김세권 ( Kim Se Gwon ) 한국수산학회 2003 추계학술발표회 Vol.- No.-