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한우와 샤로레교잡에 의한 신종한우육성 연구 1 . 농가사육상태하에서의 한우와 샤로레교잡종의 발육및 번식능력 비교
나기준,이근상,김희석,김강식 ( K . J . Na,K . S . Lee,H . S . Kim,K . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.4
This experiment was carried out to compare the growth rates and reproductive traits between Korean native cattle and Charolais crossbreeds. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The body weight of Charolais crossbreed (CK) was 41, 39, 44, 29% heavier at the age of 3, 6, 12 and 18 months than that of Korean native cattle(K) on the farm performance and was 26, 47, 58, 51% heavier on the station performance test(S.P.T). In the Charolais back-crossbreed (CCK) was S5, 44, 46, 40% heavier on the farm performance and 50, 49, 69, 55% on S.P.T. Body measurement of the crossbreeds was taller, wider and longer than that of K. Age and body weight at puberty of the crossbreeds was earlier and heavier than that of K. The type of parturition of Charolais crossbreeds was 92.6% in normal and 7.4% in abnormal in CK, and 94%, 6,0% in CCK, respectively.
김강식,박용윤,차영호,정재혁,박홍석 ( K . S . Kim,Y . Y . Park,Y . H . Cha,J . H . Chung,H . S . Park ) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.4
A digestion trial with four wether lambs and a feeding trial with sixteen Holstein cows of late lactation were conducted to evaluate nutritive value of soyhull and its feeding value to lactating cows. Digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and crude fiber were 78.0, 69.9 and 74.0%, respectively and total digestible nutrient content of soyhull was about 68.8%. When soyhull was included in dairy concentrates for replacement of the same amount of corn at the levels of 5.5, 11.0 and 16.5% of concentrates (fed about 7㎏ a day), milk production gradually decreased but milk fat content was increased. When milk production per unit concentrate or total feed consumed was calculated soyhull was as efficient as corn in providing energy for milk production but the energy content of soyhull was lower than that of corn, which caused slightly lower milk production in cows fed a limited amount of concentrates containing soyhull.
인의 각종 공급원이 산란계의 무기물 대사에 미치는 영향 1 . 관용사료를 이용하였을때의 칼슘과 인의 외견상 소화율의 비교
김강식 ( K S Kim ),장윤환 ( Y H Chiang ),박용윤 ( Y Y Park ),이영상 ( Y S Lee ) 한국축산학회 1972 한국축산학회지 Vol.14 No.3
Fourteen-month old laying hens, surgically operated and held polyethylene canule for separate collection of feces and urine, were used to study the effect of three different sources of supplementary phosphorus on minerals metabolism. The three groups of birds (six per gruop) were fed rations including raw bone meal (RBM), steamed bone meal (SBM), and dicalcium phosphate (DP). The feed consumptions, calcium and phosphors intakes, and dry matter digestibilities of three treatments represented statistically similar levels. There was also no significant difference between calcium digestibility of RBM ration (39.2%) and that of SBM ration (42.8%). However, the DP ration showed higher value of calcium digestibility (67.6%) than those of the other two rations. The phosphorus digestibilities of the three rations were 39.2% 37.4%, and 65.1% orderly, which demonstrated the similar trends as in calcium digestibilities. The metabolic rates of minerals were determined, where the fecal and urinal minerals were subtracted from the intake amount of minerals. There was no significant difference between the metabolic rates of calcium in RBM (15.7%) and SBM (32.8%) diets. And there was also no significant difference between those in SBM and DP(54.5%) rations. However, there appeared highly significant difference between those in RBM and DP diets. Therefore, it was found that the SBM diet showed middle quality among three rations on the basis of calcium metabolic rate. The metabolic rates of phosphorus in tested diets were 23.1%, 32.8% and 52.8%. Both bone meals showed no significant differences, but the DP ration presented highly significant difference from both bone meals. The amounts of minerals in eggs produced during tested period were subtracted from the metabolizable minerals. The remainder was called as total balance. This observation showed the similar results as shown in metabolic rates. It was concluded that the dicalcium phosphate diet was better than both bone meals diets at the view point of Ca and P metabolism in laying hens.
한우 육성 및 비육기 영양수준이 발육 , 사료이용성 및 도체 조성에 미치는 영향
김강식(K . S . Kim),신기준(K . J . Shin),백봉현(B . H . Paek),김용곤(Y . G . Kim),이근상(G . S . Lee),권순기(S . K . Kwon) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.4
To evaluate the effect of feeding level on daily gain, feed efficiency and carcass composition, high (H: DCP and TDN was supplied for 1.1㎏ daily gain × 1.1) and low (L: DCP and TDN was supplied for 0.6㎏ daily gain × 1.1) level nutrient were fed to each 12 heads of Korean native bulls (KNB) for the 1st period (body weight from about 120㎏ to 300㎏), and thereafter during 2nd period 12 heads were devided into two groups and fed with H and L-feeding level until animals weighted about 500㎏. 1. Daily gain was significantly increased (P$lt;0.05) and the feeding period was significantly decreased when fed with H level. Shifting feeding level (H→L or L→H) did not affect the daily gain during whole period although there was a trend that H level during 1st period was more efficient than L level. 2. Dry matter intake was higher with H level than with L level. 3. DCP efficiency was better when fed with L level. The efficiency of L→H level was lower than that of H→L level during whole period but was better than that of H→H level during the early phase of 2nd period. 4. TDN efficiency was not influenced by the feeding level. However, TDN efficiency of H group was slightly better than that of L group during the 1st period. 5. Dressing percentage was significantly increased when fed with H level during the 2nd period. Fat content was significantly increased when fed with H→H level, while there was no significant differences among H→L, L→H, L→L feeding levels. There was no significant differences in retailed cuts between the feeding levels. 6. Carcass price was higher and feed cost was lower when fed with L level during the 2nd period. The monthly income per head was higher when fed with H level during the 1st period, although there was no big differences between H→H and L→H feeding level.
알팔파의 사료가치 연구 2 . 배합사료내 알팔파 펠렛의 혼합비율이 한우의 증체량과 사료이용성에 미치는 영향
김강식(K . S . Kim),신기준(K . J . Shin),백봉현(B . H . Baek),이근상(K . S . Lee) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.10
Alfalfa pellet(AP) was mixed at various levels(0, 10, 20 and 30% as ADM base) in the concentrate for the evaluation of effects on the performance of fattening bulls. Twenty Korean native bulls(KNB) were randomly allotted to four treatments: l) concentrate + 0% AP, 2) concentrate + 10% AP, 3) concentrate + 20% AP, 4) concentrate + 30% AP, five heads(replicates) per treatment. After substitution of alfalfa pellet for mainly corn, crude protein and TDN of each experimental concentrate was almost equalized by the supplements of urea and tallow except treatment(4). The amounts of concentrate offered daily was 2% of body weight and rice straw was fed ad libitum except treatment(4), which limited to 0.5kg daily. After 150 days of feeding trial, carcass data were obtained. Results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. Although not significant daily gain increased slightly by feeding concentrate + 20% AP but when fed concentrate + 30% AP daily gain was lower than that when fed concentrate + 20% AP and symptom of bloat was occationally found. 2. Carcass rate increased significantly(p $lt;0.05) by feeding concentrate + 10% AP, but there was no significant differences among the treatments of alfalfa pellet mixed to different levels. Rate of retailed cuts showed no significant differences among the treatments. 3. There were no significant differences of concentrate and roughage daily consumption among the treatments. 4. There were not significant differences in required concentrate, rice straw and crude protein amount per unit gain but there were decreasing trends in concentrate and crude protein requirements when fed concentrate + 20% AP. TDN requirement decreased slightly when the level of alfalfa pellet mixed in concentrate increased, but the significant difference was noted when fed concentrate + 30% AP(p $lt;0.05). 5. Concentrate price increased as the level of alfalfa pellet mixed in concentrate increased but the incomes from feeding the concentrate mixed with alfalfa pellet increased until that level increased to 20%.
돈사료의 영양가에 관한 연구 1 . 돈 ( 豚 )의 대맥처리별 가소화양분 및 질소축적량 비교연구
김강식 ( K S Kim ),윤재인 ( J I Yoon ),이종원 ( J W Lee ),이창영 ( C Y Lee ) 한국축산학회 1973 한국축산학회지 Vol.15 No.1
This experiment was conducted with four heads of castrated Landrace swine to compare the effects of ground, steamed and soaked barley on digestibility, nitrogen retention and rate of gain for 65 days. The results obtained in this study are as follows. 1. When the ground barley was fed, the digestibilities of crude protein and crude fiber were 58.35% and 39.72%. DCP and TDN calculated on this base were 8.40% and 58.35% These figures were statistically significant when compared to other treatments. However, there was no significant difference between the treatments when a Nretention was compared. 2. The average weight gains of pigs, during the test period, fed ground barley, steamed barley, soaked barley were 3.0, 2.8, 2.9 ㎏ respectively. They seemed to be paralleling with digestibility.
소 도체등급 기준설정에 관한 연구 1 . 품종 및 성별 도체특성 및 해체성적
김용곤(Y . K . Kim),한수현(S . H . Han),김동훈(D . H . Kim),이영진(Y . J . Lee),강태홍(T . H . Kang),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1987 한국축산학회지 Vol.29 No.8
This experiment was carried out to obtain the basic data for establishing the beef carcass grade in Korea. Characteristics of beef carcass were examined by breed and sex from 1984 to 1986. The results are as follows: 1. Dressing percentage was highest in pure beef breeds (60.7%) and lowest in Holstein (57,3%). 2. K × H crossbred was highest in percentages of dressed meat and retailed cuts and Holstein in bone. Korean native cattle and pure beef breeds were higher than Holstein in trimmed fat. 3. Percentages of dressing, dressed meat and retailed cuts were lower in female than male, while bone and trimmed fat were higher in female. It appears that female cattle has lower beef productivity than male.
유전공학생산 돼지 성장 호르몬 ( rPST ) 투여에 관한 연구 1 . 비육돈의 발육과 도체에 대한 rPST 투여효과
정일병(I . B . Chung),정진관(J . K . Jung),정숙근(S . K . Cheong),김강식(K . S . Kim),한인규(I . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.4
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of recombinant porcine somatotropin (rPST) administration on growth performance of growing pigs. Total 108 heads of boars and gilts were allocated to 3 treatments (0. 2, 4 ㎎ rPST/head/day) by sex. Pigs. from 42 ㎏ to 90 ㎏ of body weight, were fed ration containing 3.4 meal DE/ and 0.8% lysine for 56 days. Pigs were allocated by 3 × 2 factorial design Daily gain and feed/gain ratio were improved by 5% and 5%, respectively Backfat thickness was reduced by 19% (p$lt;0.05) by the rPST administration and rPST was more effective in gilts than in boars.
암모니아 처리볏짚의 반추가축에 대한 급여효과 2 . 암모니아 처리볏짚 및 무처리 볏짚과 뇨소를 옥수수와 함께 급여시 면양의 소화율 , 질소축적과 제1위액 성상에 미치는 영향
신기준(K . J . Shin),배동호(D . H . Bae),이근상(G . S . Lee),김강식(K . S . Kim) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.10
A study was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding rice straw with corn after ammonia treatment or urea supplementation on the digestibility, nitrogen retention and chemical characteristics of ruminal fluid. Nine castrated Corridale sheep were fistulated and randomly allotted to the following three dietary treatment: (1) rice straw + corn, (2) 3% NH₃-rice straw + corn and (3) rice straw + corn+ urea. Corn was offered 200g/h/d and roughages were fed ad libitum. The urea was used to equalize the nitrogen intake to that of sheep fed ammoniated rice straw. After the digestion trial, ruminal fluids were collected six times(0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hrs post feeding) to check the changes in various fermentation characteristics. Results obtained were as follows; 1. Digestibilities of DM. OM, crude protein, NDF and GE were increased slightly by ammonia treatment of rice straw but urea supplementation increased only crude protein digestibility. 2. Nitrogen retention was increased significantly(p $lt;0.05) by ammoniation and urea supplementation. 3. There was not significant differences of ruminal fluid pH by feeding rice straw ammoniated or urea supplemented. 4. Total VFA concentration of ruminal fluid tended to increase by feeding ammoniated rice straw. It peaked at 4 hr post feeding. Urea supplementation tended to increase the total VFA concentration but the increment was lower than that by feeding ammoniated rice straw. 5. The NH₃-N concentration of ruminal fluid was increased highly by feeding ammoniated rice straw. Urea supplementation increased also the NH₃-N concentration and the increment was higher than that by feeding ammoniated rice straw.