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        Belief and Learning in Milton's Paradise Regained

        구영회 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2009 중세근세영문학 Vol.19 No.1

        Milton's Paradise Regained is a biblical epic poem which dramatizes the Son's unwavering religious faith that leads him to resist all the temptations, including the irresistible lure into knowledge. However, its reader is sometimes at a loss by its strident denunciation of the traditional Greco-Roman learning. Milton's commitment to the traditional humanist studies (he owns the influence of Spenser, an author, on him) from his childhood and the Renaissance respect for classical literature make us somewhat doubt the explicit renunciation of classical learning. His shorter epic is so deeply embedded in the Western classical culture that the poem cannot be adequately appreciated without the knowledge of it. The poem is written in the form of an epic, whose origin is Greek literature. Milton conveys his Christian ideas through the epic form. The characterization of the protagonist, the Son, is noteworthy because despite his harsh attacks on classical literature and philosophy, he resembles some Greco-Roman figures, like the Greek heroes, Hercules or Oedipus, and the Roman Stoic, who represents endurance and reason and humanist knowledge. Endurance is a significant virtue to Christians and Stoics alike. However, the crucial Christian virtue like mercy, sacrifice, crucifixion, or resurrection is lacking in the epic's characterization of Jesus The very beginning of the poem echoes the Spenserian imitation of Virgil's Aneid. Also a great number of literary allusions to Spenser testify the influence of the secular literature on Milton's works. No matter how harshly the Son renounces the classics in praise of Christian values, the reader's knowledge of the humanist learning is necessary in order to understand the religious meaning. And the reader gets confused by Satan's characterization as having some rational traits. Paradise Regained emphasizes the worth of religion that we should prioritize over secular learning, but sometimes its reader may be uncertain about the claims.

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      • KCI등재

        Subordination, Substance, and the Trinity in Milton's Paradise Lost and De Doctrina Christiana

        구영회 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2004 중세근세영문학 Vol.14 No.2

        Whether Milton's works represent his Arian beliefs or Trinitarian orthodoxy has been hotly debated. Arianism denies the coessentiality, coequality, and cosubstantiality of the Father and the Son and subordinates the Son to the Father. While Milton's theological treatise De Doctrina Christiana clearly reflects some key Arian dogmas which repudiate the Trinity, his poetic representations of the Father and the Son in Paradise Lost seems to support Trinitarian doctrines. Our knowledge of the political religious situations of seventeenth-century England will help us understand this seemingly incompatible evidence. One noticeable fact is that while his prose work was a posthumous treatise never published during his lifetime, his poetic work was intended to address his contemporaries during his lifetime. In the seventeenth century Arianism was considered to be heretical by the clerical and political authorities. And Milton was well aware that lots of Arian believers were severely persecuted for having heretical thoughts. Even though Milton claims that he firmly bases his systematic theology on Holy Scripture, and in his Doctrina he cites many passages from the Bible to support his Arian arguments, his public confession of having his unorthodox beliefs in his published poetry might have caused him a lot of trouble. And some Miltonists find several implicit Arianism in Paradise Lost. Therefore, even though Paradise Lost contains the key Trinitarian dogmas, the social and ecclesiastical circumstances in which lots of Arians were persecuted could have affected the poetic representations of Milton's religious issues. The defeated and frustrated republican might have wanted to avoid other troubles caused by his unorthodox writings.

      • KCI등재

        만성 성인형 아토피 피부염의 한방 치험 3례

        구영회,최인화,Ku, Young-Hui,Choi, In-Hwa 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2002 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

        Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is chronic eczematous dermatosis which is related strongly to a family history of atopic disease and hereditary disposition. Its threshold of itching is low so that severe itching occurs and causes secondary eczema. Adult atopic dermatitis has mostly severe symptoms and progresses to chronic relapsing. Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the efficacy of oriental medical treatment and management on chronic adult atopic dermatitis. Subject: We studied 3 patients who visited Dongguk University Gangnam Oriental Hospital Dept. of Dermatol. with chronic adult atopic dermatitis from August 2001 to April 2002 and were observed for over 4 months. Methods: We treated them with herb-medication, acupuncture, negative therapy, aroma therapy, full spectrum visible ray therapy(by carbon arc) and external application(Jaun-go). We used the SCORAD index to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results: There were 3 patients with chronic adult atopic dermatitis we could check for over 4 months by clinical scoring using the SCORAD system. 1. The grades of the severity of atopic dermatitis were lower only by the oriental medical treatments and management. 2. Intensities of relapse cases were lower then before the oriental medical treatments. 3. The secondary treatment term for relapse cases was shorter then the first treatment term after oriental remedies were used. Conclusion: Considering the above results, more study is needed on the chronic relapse cases with adult atopic dermatitis, the factors of increasing seventy of adult atopic dermatitis, the prognostic factors of adult atopic dermatitis, and the clinical interchange of chronic adult atopic dermatitis between oriental medicine and western medicine.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        Mary as an Initiator of the Son’s Public Ministry in Milton’s Paradise Regained

        구영회 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2010 중세근세영문학 Vol.20 No.1

        Although perseverance, unwavering resistance to Satan’s temptations, and moral rectitude are the Son’s virtues in Milton’s Paradise Lost, these are most valuable when they are used for a great goal of saving mankind. Though little portion is given to his mother in the poem, the Virgin Mary is an influential woman who recognizes he is destined to redeem human beings and urges him to aim high and initiates his religious and spiritual growth into a public man. Different from its primary source, the synoptic narratives, where Mary keeps silent about her son’s birth, Milton’s Mary reveals the Son the parentage and tells him in detail his nativity. Milton seems to change because he wants to focus on the Son’s public missions and, more significantly, Mary’s encouragement of his public ministry. Mary taught him how to read and how to interpret the Word. With his mother’s education and the crucial event of his Baptism, the Son is fully aware of his parentage and vocation. At the Baptism, the Son inaugurates his public performance, fully aware of his parentage and Messiahship. Mary is a strong-willed and sagacious woman. Despite the fact that she was told her Son’s future--full of sufferings, humiliations, hostility from others, and worst of all, crucifixion, she resolutely accepts all of these because she believes in his accomplishing the mission of saving humanity. Despite a little amount that is devoted to Mary, Mary is an influential figure prompting the Son’s public missions through which man will be redeemed.

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