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김한중,박은철,강혜영,지영건,Kim, Han-Joong,Park, Eun-Cheol,Kang, Hye-Young,Jee, Young-Keon 대한예방의학회 2000 예방의학회지 Vol.33 No.4
Objective : To evaluate the relative benefits and the costs associated with the introduction of the new pharmaceutical provision called 'Mandatory Prescription System' which separates the role of physicians from that of pharmacists with respect to the prescription and dispensation of from the perspective of consumers (i.e., patients). Methods : The costs of the system were measured by considering both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs included additional payments for ambulatory care and dispensing fees that occurred under the new system. indirect costs consisted of transportation expenses and costs related to time spent for physician consultation, waiting for the prescriptions to be filled, and extra traveling. Benefits identified in this study were the reduction of drug misuse and overuse, and the overall decrease in drug consumption among the Korean population. Sensitivity analysis was peformed for the inclusion of benefits for outpatients of hospitals, price elasticity, and increased fees for established patients. Results : The net benefit was estimated to be about minus 1,862 billion won and the benefit-cost ratio was 0.478. This indicates that the costs of 'Mandatory Prescription' outweigh its benefits, relative to the previous system. The sensitivity analysis results for all the variables considered in this study consistently showed the benefit-cost ratio to be less than 1. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that implementing Mandatory Prescription System in Korea might be inefficient from the consumer's perspective. The results of this study do not coincide with the results of previous studies, presumably because of the differences in study design and in which items of costs and benefits were considered.
김한중,이영두,남정모,Kim, Han-Joong,Lee, Young-Doo,Nam, Chung-Mo 대한예방의학회 1991 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.24 No.1
A multiple regression analysis using ordinary least square (OLS) is frequently used for the projection of health expenditure as well as for the identification of factors affecting health care costs. Data for the analysis often have mixed characteristics of time series and cross section. Parameters as a result of OLS estimation, in this case, are no longer the best linear unbiased estimators (BLUE) because the data do not satisfy basic assumptions of regression analysis. The study theoretically examined statistical problems induced when OLS estimation was applied with the time series cross section data. Then both the OLS regression and time series cross section regression (TSCS regression) were applied to the same empirical da. Finally, the difference in parameters between the two estimations were explained through residual analysis.
조철현,최규남,최희윤,김한중 大韓成形外科學會 1983 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.10 No.1
One of the persistent problems plaguing surgeons who treat burn victims is the difficulty in quickly assessing the depth of burn injury. Often areas of second-and third-degree burns are intermingled and difficult to accurately evaluate soon after injury. The lag phase between time of injury and development of morphologic evidence of damage is reported to be at lease 8 hours. with full development of damage becoming evident by 24 hours to 2 days after burning. A method to detect and document early manifestations of burn injury is needed. In this study, fifteen male Wister Albino rats weighing 200 to 300gm were used as experimental subjects, and the goal of this study is to define clearly the early morphologic events following a severe burn. In conclusion, histologic alteration was used in this study as a tool for diagnosis of the depth of a burn injury. It was proved useful method in making early diagnosis of burn injury, and it was also revealed the fact which burn injury is a progressive phenomenon.
排水閘門에 作用하는 荷重決定을 위한 信賴性 解析에 관한 硏究
高在君,李政宰,李信昊,金漢中 서울대학교 농과대학 농업개발연구소 1992 서울대농학연구지 Vol.17 No.2
The design load and the uncertainties of load acting on the estuary sluice gate were evaluated from probability theory and the index of reliability, The probability of failure and the limite state of the gate structure were investigated on the basis of relibility theory. The basic variables are outside and inside water level. The latter was used as short-term daily maximum tide level and the former was selected to daily minimum water level from the water budget analysis determining the estuary reservoir capacity. The Young-san estuary sluice gate was selected as the example of reliability analysis. The facile Level Ⅱ is used as the method of analysis. The magnitude of index of reliability(β) is 5.920 and failure of probability(??) is ??. The design criteria with the return period of 100-25000 years were estimated by Monte Carlo Simulation. The failure of probability of the return period of 100 years is ??. The combination of two loads, maximum 1st load and arbitrary 2nd load, was analyzed into the Turkstra's Rule well.