오존에 의한 폐수처리에 관한 연구 -도금폐액의 CN이온 분해와 사진 폐수의 COD 처리-

김덕묵,이치종 한국기술사회 1981 技術士 Vol.14 No.1

This study concernes the decomposition of cyanide ion in electroplating plant wastewater and COD variation of photodeveloping wastewater under various conditions. Determinations of CN- concentration were carried out by AgNO$_3$ titration method. The sample solutions were pretreated by passing ozone and decompositions were checked as a function of time for ozone treatment. Analysis of film developing wastewater was carried out by KMnO$_4$ method. Electroplating plant wastewater was also examined at various pH; decomposition rate of cyanide ion was found to increase at higher pH. Time required for the decomposition could be shortened by removing the heavy metal ions under alkaline condition. The effect of temperature on decomposition was studied at 40$^{\circ}$ and 60$^{\circ}C$. The result was better at 40$^{\circ}C$ although time for decomposition was almost same at both temperatures. Analysis of film developing wastewater revealed that COD decrease was faster during the first 1 to 2 hours. However, further decrease could not be effected. The existence of unknown special organics resistant to the decomposition was believed to be the reason.

은 및 망간 산화물에 의한 일산화탄소의 촉매 산화 연구

김덕묵,이종찬 단국대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.-

This study concerns the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide with 26 kinds of Ag-oxide, MnO_2 and their mixtures at room temperature. From the results the following phenomena were obtained. 1. Simple Ag-oxide or MnO_2 samples were not favorable to the oxidation of carbon monoxide. 2. The Ag_2O, AgO and MnO_2 mixtures(10 : 90 or 20 :80) were observed more powerful catalyzer for carbon observed more powerful catalyzer for carbon monoxide oxidation. 3. The oxidized samples of Ag-Mn premixture with several oxidants were also weaker catalyzer than the simple mixtures. 4. The AgMnO_4 and Ag-Mn-Oxides prepared by electroytic oxidation method also acted poorly as the catalytic oxidants. 5. Ag_2O and MnO_2 were not found out the structure change but AgO is changed oxidation state and heat evolved during the treatment. 6. The γ-MnO_2 are more superior catalyzer than the β-MnO_2 for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide.

망간전지의 방전 메카니즘에 관한 연구

金德默,康富夫 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

The discharge reaction mechanism of the Leclanche cells was studied. The cell were discharged through flash light continuously. Discharge products were examined by chenical analysis and X-Ray diffraction. The discharge reaction product was MnOOH in a homogeneous solid-phase reaction. The X-Ray diffraction evidence on the single phase reduction of MnO^2 to MnOOH were presented. The products of these discharge reactions will be dependent on the kinds of Manganese Dioxide, electrloytes, potentials, and depth of discharge.

Ag-알칼리 Mn산화물의 합성 및 특성에 관한 연구

김덕묵,민형식 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

A Silver­alkali manganese oxide, Ag­M_2 MnO_3 has been prepared from Mn­salt and AgNO_3 by reacting with excess alkali hydroxide. The structure of the product have been determined by powder X-Ray diffraction, SEM, and chemically analysis. Performance and characteristics of the silver­alkali manganese oxide catalysed ozone decomposition are described in relation to the preparation conditions and the silver contents. This alkali manganese oxide catalyst showed the highest capacity in the other Ag­Mn­oxide system.

銀化合物의 酸化 및 特性에 관한 硏究

金德默 단국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

AgO is primary constituent of silver battery which is widely used in many battery-powered mini-equipments as well as wrist-watch and mini-calculator. Thus, it was felt essential to know the chemistry of AgO, methods of preparation, and chemical and physical characteristics. Various methods of preparing AgO such as oxidation of AgNO_3 in alkaline K_2S_2O_8 solution and anodic oxidation of Ag compound were carried out, and physical and chemical properties of the products were analyzed. Anodic oxidation of AgNO_3 in HNO_3 solution and of the sintered Ag sponge were found to produce AgO of more desir-able characteristics. Densities were 2.11 and 2.01g/ml, respectively. Other characteristics of AgO from various method were checked and compared with earlier findings.

알카리성에서 Ag_2O의 오존산화에 의한 AgO의 결정화에 관한 연구

金德默 단국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

This study concerns with the production of high density AgO through the ozonization of Ag_2O. It was possible to find the optimum condition by varying several factors such as the concentration of NaOH solution, temperature, addition of AgO seed, and of Ag_2O feed. The best condition was as follows; temperature, 80℃; NaOH concentration, 20%; reaction time, 6 days; amount of AgO seed, 9.5g.; amount of Ag_2O feed, 1.5g/4hr. The amount of ozone used throughout was 100gr/hr. The density of final product was found not to depend on the density of seed, the amount of the feed, and of seed. These factors only influenced the reaction time. The mechanism of AgO formation may be suggested to proceed throught the formation of Ag_2O_3 by the oxidation of Ag(OH)_2^- in alkaline solution. Ag_2O , the starting material then reacts with Ag_2O_3 to form the final product AgO. Measurements showed that the purity of AgO product to be 95.84% and its density 3.72g/㏄. The X-ray diffracton pattern and microscopic picture of particle size are presented. The continuous discharge capacity of the primary cell composed of AgO of this study was measured to be 56.8mAH under the resistance of 12,500ohms. It shows that high density AgO prepared by ozonization of Ag_2O can be used in AgO primary battery. In a separate experiment, AgO was prepared by electrolysis for comparison. But the density of the above AgO scarecely exceeded 2.11g/㏄. The density of pressed mass of the above was 2.2-2.4g/㏄. Thus, direct ozonation of Ag_2O may be suggested as a superior method for the production of high density AgO.

廢乾電池로부터 電解二酸化만강의 製造硏究

金德默 단국대학교 1977 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

지금까지 버려지고 있는 廢乾電池를 회수하여 放電 후의 만강化合物을 自體內에 함유한 Carbon을 이용 800℃ 30分間 가열 還元하여 20% H_2SO_4로 추출하였다. 추출된 황산만강용액을 정제하고 직접 전해하여 품위가 높고 放電特性이 좋은 전해이산화만강을 廢乾電池 한개당 25g정도 회수 재조하였다. Extraction of varying manganese compounds was attempted from wasted dry cells. The process involves reduction at temperature of 800℃ for 30 min. using carbon powder within the cell and subsequent extraction from 20% H_2SO_4 solution. Extracted manganese sulfate solution was purified by manganese dioxide oxidation method, and about 25g of MnO_2 per used cell was recovered from electrolysis, which was in high purity and depolarizing property.

무속의례에서 놀이의 생성 -굿의 구성원리로 본 신놀이-

김덕묵 남북문화예술학회 2011 남북문화예술연구 Vol.0 No.9

이 글은 놀이의 본체로서 굿을 보고 굿에서 놀이가 ‘만들어지는 과정’에 주목하였다. 신놀이는 굿의 구성원리이자 본질이며 놀이가 생성되는 법칙이기도 하다. 굿의 구조는 다양한 신격의 노는 과정이 반복되어 굿거리의 시공간을 시계열적으로 배열하고 있으며, 그것을 여러 개의 群(거리)으로 묶음에 따라 하나의 굿이 형성된다. 신놀이의 내용은 등장신격에 대한 정보의 총합인 신화이며 이것은 일상적 모습으로 함축될 수 있다. 따라서 신놀이의 표현행위는 신화의 재현인 동시에곧, 일상의 재현이라고 볼 수 있다. 이 문법 위에 등장신격은 신화를 알리는 상징기호를 발화하며 새로운 이야기를 만들어낸다. 한국 전통사회에서 민속은 굿이라는 총체적 개념으로 아우러질 수 있다는 점에서 무속이라는 신앙체계 아래에 놓여있다. 신놀이는 이러한 무속의 체계를설명하는 논리로서 만물은 곧, 놀고 싶은 욕망을 가진 것으로 놀려주어야 한다는 사고가 내재되어 있고 굿은 이러한 신놀이를 위한 장치이다. 만물의 원초적 놀이본능과 그러한 성질을 중시여기는 무속적 인식이 신놀이를 가능케하며 그것은 무속의 놀이개념을 함축하고 있다.

경기지역 종가제례음식 연구 -불천위제 음식의 유형과 재료를 중심으로

김덕묵(Kim, Duk-muk) 한국국학진흥원 2020 국학연구 Vol.0 No.42

일반 가정의 기제사에 비해 불천위제 음식은 가풍으로 내려오는 전통성과 형식을 보다 잘 유지하고 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 본고는 한국국학진흥원에서 종가제례음식 자료집성 및 DB화 사업에서 실시한 자료를 기초로 하여 경기지역의 불천위제 음식의 종가별 현황을 적, 편, 탕을 중심으로 살펴보고 어떤 육류와 어류가 제례음식에 사용되고 어떤 음식의 재료로 쓰이고 있는지 종가별 분석을 통해 살펴보았다. 또한 이러한 경기지역 23개 종가에서 나타나는 제례음식의 다양성은 어디에서 오는 것인지 의문을 가지고 생태환경, 가풍, 조리주체의 변화, 조상을 위한 정성과 음복을 위한 사람들의 기호 간 역학관계에서 그 동인을 찾아보았다. Compared to ordinary household ancestral ritual, the food of Bulcheon-wi ancestral ritual maintains the tradition and form of descending into the family style. This paper is based on the data conducted by the Korean studies institute in the data collection and DB project of the Jong-ga ancestral ritual food. In particular, we looked at grilled meat(jeok), rice cakes(pyeon) and soup(tang) in the food of Bulcheon-wi ancestral ritual. It also analyzed which meats and fish were used in Bulcheon-wi ancestral ritual foods and what foods were used as ingredients. In addition, we examined where the diversity of Jong-ga ancestral ritual foods comes from in Gyeonggi-do.

황해도 진오귀굿 연구

김덕묵(Kim Deok-muk) 한국무속학회 2000 한국무속학 Vol.0 No.2

이 논문에서는 황해도 만신들의 진오귀굿을 참여관찰과 대담을 중심으로 자료를 수집한 후, 그것을 토대로 각 무당들의 진오귀굿의 차이점이 어떠한지를 살펴보았다. 또한 그러한 차이점이 나타나는 원인을 분석하였다. 특히 이 과정을 통해서 한 지역의 굿도 여러 무당들에 따라서 다양한 양태로 나타나고 있는 점을 굿의 절차를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 굿의 절차를 살펴보면 만신들마다 그 차이점이 확연하게 드러나고 있음을 알 수 있다. 첫째, 주당물림 다음에 하는 거리를 ‘안등신좌정거리’, ‘영실감흥거리’라고 하는 만신이 있는 반면에 ‘초부정’, ‘초감흥’이라고 하는 만신이 있다. 둘째, 시왕제석을 모시는가? 안모시는가? 정학봉, 이선비, 왕희엄마의 경우에는 시왕제석거리가 없다. 셋째, 대감을 모시는가? 안 모시는가? 넷째, 조상을 모시는가? 안 모시는가? 이러한 차이점을 나타내는 원인으로는 황해도 내에서의 다양한 지역적인 차이점, 신어머니가 달라서 배워온 방식이 다른 점, 같은 신어머니에게서 굿을 배웠다고 해도 巫 자신이 어떻게 이해하고 배웠는지에 따라서도 달라질 수 있는 점, 굿의 내적요인에 따른 차이점, 즉 단골집의 사정 등에 따라서도 달라질 수 있는 점을 들 수 있겠다. This thesis has the purpose to examine Jinokwi-gut(진오귀굿) of Hwanghae-do Mudang(황해도 무당) focusing on research of Mudangs and the differences on practicing the gut(굿) and its causes. And through the examination, focusing on gut procedures, it is found that even in a single region, the guts can differ each other according to each Mudang's practice. Taking the gut procedures into the consideration, for this comparative study, it mainly relied on participant observation and interview method. The differences of each Mudang on gut practice can be understood by analyzing the gut procedures. Firstly, some Mudangs call a geori(거리) after judangmulrim(주당물림) as 'andeungshinjwajeong-geori'(안등신좌정거리) or 'youngshilgamheung-geori'(영실감흥거리). But, other Mudangs call it as 'chobujeong'(초부정) or 'chogamheung'(초감흥). The georis with similar contents could be called differently, of course. But, it's not a simple matter of naming. Among Mudangs insisting on 'chobujeong' or 'chogamheung', during 'chogamheung' practice, Chung Hakbong(정학봉), Yi Sunbi(이선비) and Wanghi mother (왕희엄마) entertain all of Mandangshin(만등신). But, Kim Hwangryong(김황룡) and Kim Keumhwa(김금화) make the Mandeungshin seated and only entertain shin(神) related to Youngshil(영실). This difference is the most important in that the character of a gut itself can be changed completely. Kim Hwangryong and Kim Keumhwa's view and gut practices seem to be the same as the Mudangs who use the terms such as 'andeungshinjwajeong' or 'youngshilgamheung' except using different terms. Secondly, it is the point of issue that whether Shiwangjeseok(시왕제석) is entertained or not. Chung Hakbong, Yi Sunbi and Wanghi mother don't include in their gut practice the Shiwangjeseok -geori. Shingwang is important god of korean Musok, who is entertained for sareonggut(사령굿) all around the country. So, if Shiwang is not entertained, what's the problem? Was it wrongly succeeded or omitted? Otherwise was there such forms of jinokwigut in some regions? It should be under more consideration. Thirdly, it is also the point of issue that whether Daegam(대감) is entertained or not. As a principle, in jinokwi, Mandeungshin is placed and only Youngshil related gods are entertained and other gods including Daegam and Janggun(장군) are not entertained. Moreover, jinokwi is a kind of gut for the purpose of recently dead man's regretless departure from this world by guiding road to Jeoseung(저승) and jarigeoti(자리걷이) meaning arrangement of the dead man's lying place. So, such performances entertaining other gods including Daegam by dancing and music is not acceptable with jinokwigut itself. Fourthly, it should be carefully researched that whether ancestors are entertained or not, because it is treated somehow differently by Mudangs respectively. In a general gut, ancestor-geori(조상거리) is separately practiced so that ancestor may come inside and is entertained. But, in jinokwi, instead of ancestor-geori, it is only practiced through cutting suwang-bae(수왕베) and saja-bae(사자베). Naturally, if ancestor clothes are prepared, it is also treated like bae. The reasons of the differences mentioned above are as follows. Various regional differences in Hwanghae-do, difference of learned style from Mudang's Shin mother(신어머니), each Mudang's different understanding though learned from same Shin mother, differences caused by internal matter of gut itself(conditions of dangol-jip(단골집)).