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영역/경계 분할 정식화에 의한 삼차원 접촉 해석의 효율성 검토
김용언,류한열,신의섭,Kim, Yong-Uhn,Ryu, Han-Yeol,Shin, Eui-Sup 한국전산구조공학회 2007 한국전산구조공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4
많은 계산량이 요구되는 삼차원 접촉 문제의 효율적인 유한요소 해석을 위하여 영역/경계 분할 기법을 적용하였다. 접촉 경계면의 부등식 적합 조건과 부영역, 공유면, 접촉 공유면의 등식 적합 조건을 모두 벌칙 함수로 처리하였다. 이에 따라 모든 유효 강성 행렬이 양 정치화되므로, 역행렬과 같은 각종 행렬 연산이 매우 간편해진다. 또한 전체 영역의 형상이 복잡하더라도, 임의의 부영역, 공유면, 접촉 공유면 단위로 쉽게 유한요소 모델링할 수 있다. 즉, 관련 지배 방정식은 물론 경계 조건도 독립적으로 이산화할 수 있으므로, 국부적인 비선형 접촉 조건에 대한 효율적인 해석이 가능하다. 간단한 수치 예제를 통하여 삼차원 접촉 해석의 효율성에 관한 기본적인 경향을 검토하였다. A domain/boundary decomposition technique is applied to carry out efficient finite element analyses of 3-D contact problems. Appropriate penalty functions are selected for connecting an interface and contact interfaces with neighboring subdomains that satisfy continuity constraints. As a consequence, all the effective stiffness matrices have positive definiteness, and computational efficiency can be improved to a considerable degree. If necessary, any complex-shaped 3-D domain can be divided into several simple-shaped subdomains without considering the conformity of meshes along the interface. With a set of numerical examples, the basic characteristics of computational efficiency are investigated carefully.
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Reduced Glutathione의 投與가 CCl_4 中毒家兎의 肝및 肺組織의 Sulfhydryl基 및 蛋白量에 미치는 影響
金容彦,朱永恩 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1974 慶北醫大誌 Vol.15 No.2
The present study was undertaken to clarify the hepatotoxic effect of carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) and to observe a possible toxic effect of CCl_4 on the lung tissue, as well as to elucidate the effectiveness of reduced glutathione (GSH) to the CCl_4 intoxicated animal. The rabbit was used throughout the entire experiment, and the mixture of CCl_4 and olive oil(1:1) in dose of 0.3㎖ or 0.5㎖ per ㎏ BW were administered intraperitoneally twice weekly for one or two weeks, and changes of protein, NP-SH (non-protein sulfhydryl) and NP-SS (non-protein disulfide) of the liver as well as body weight change were observed on hour after the respective CCl_4 administraion as a preliminary experiment to determine the appropriate dose of CCl_4 in the main experiment. All the experimental data obtained from the preliminary study showed decreased values from the control, but when the CCl_4 mixture of 0.3㎖ per ㎏ BW was administered twice weekly for one week the decrease was not as prominent as when higher doses of CCl_4 were used, in which cases the decrease was similar. From the above results, the CCl_4 mixture of 0.3㎖ per ㎏ BW was used twice weekly for two weeks in the main experiment, and the changes of protein, NP-SH and NP-SS of the liver and lung tissues were studied on 1,3 and 5 days after CCl_4 administration. The changes of body weight and liver weight were also measured, and the liver weight/body weight ratios were thus calculated. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The body weight of the control group was 2.23±0.17 Kg and the contents of protein, NP-SH and NP-SS of the liver was 102.31±15.30 ㎎/gm wet wt, 8.01±0.81 μ ㏖/gm wet wt and 6.53±0.52 μ ㏖/gm wet wt, respectively. The contents of protein, NP-SH and NP-SS of the lung in the control group was 47.35±9.85 ㎎/gm wet wt, 3.01±0.4 μ ㏖/gm wet wt and 5.38±0.48 μ ㏖/gm wet wt, respectively. 2. When 0.3㎖ of the mixture of CCl_4 and olive oil per ㎏ BW was administered twice weekly for two weeks, the contents of protein and sulfhydryl groups of the liver decreased noticeably from the control values, while the administration of GSH caused no change from the control. When GSH and CCl_4 were combined, the values were lower than GSH group, but higher than CCl_4 group. 3. The contents of protein and sulfhydryl groups in the lung showed decreased values from the control when CCl_4 was administered, but no change was observed when GSH was administered, and when GSH and CCl_4 were combined the values showed intermedially between the CCl_4 and GSH groups. 4. The decrease of the body weight by CCl_4 injection was prominent but the liver weight increased noticeably. Thus, the liver weight/body weight ratios were elevated from the control value of 20.27 throughout the experiment. When GSH was used, the ratio did not change from the control but the combined administration of GSH and CCl_4 produced higher ratio than the CCl_4 group. 5. From the above, it may be concluded that CCl_4 produced a toxic effect to the lung as well as to the liver, but the degree of toxicity seems to be less in the lung than in the liver. Also, the effect of GSH seems to be not as obvious in the lung as in the liver.
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火傷 및 凍傷이 家兎 各臟器 組織內水分量 및 電解質分布狀態에 미치는 影響
金容彦 中央醫學社 1964 中央醫學 Vol.7 No.6
Rabbits were subjected to burn and frostbite to study variations in the tissue electrolyte distribution, extracellular space and total Na +K. Ninety animals were divided into 5 groups, 2 being burn injured, 2 frostbitten and 1 control. Observations were carried out after 24 hours and 48 hours respectively in each experimental group by flame photometry and chemical methods. The results were as follows; 1, Burn and frostbite effect a remarkable decrease in serum electrolyte. 2. Na and Cl increased in the liver of both burn and frostbitten groups, while K decreased in the liver of the former and increased in that of the latter groups. 3. Na increase and K decrease were effected in the kidney of both experimental groups. 4 Both Na and K decreased in the lung of each groups, while Cl increased in that of the frostbitten groups. 5. Water content increased in the skeletal muscle of both experimental groups suggesting a muscular edema. Both Na and Cl increased in this tissue, but K decreased in both experimental groups. 6. The decrease in Na and increase in CI are common in the cardiac muscle of both experimental groups, but K increased only in that of the frostbitten groups, 7. All of the Na, K and Cl decrease in the brain and spleen of the both experimental groups, resulting in a low electrolytic condition. In resume, burn and frostbite bring out an extremely low electrolyte contents in the serum effecting a hydremic condition to the animal. In the other tissues except the brain and spleen both Cl and Cl space increments are a ubiquitous effect in burn and frostbite, suggesting a possible relationship with tissue excitability. Na and K variations antagonize in most cases and their specificities with respect to different tissues and stresses are noted, with all the effects being more accentauated at 48 hours than 24 hours after burn and frostbite.
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