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김규윤(KIM Kyuryoon) 신아시아연구소(구 신아세아질서연구회) 2004 신아세아 Vol.11 No.1
This paper examines various regional arrangements in order to describe possible forms of regional cooperation in East Asia. In doing so, it analyzes the development paths of the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). When we look back at the historical evolution of these three representative regional organizations, we are able to find many similarities and differences. For example, the EU amis at eventually achieving political as well as economic integration, NAFTA and ASEAN, however, do not envisage political integration among the member countries. Also, the formation of the EU and NAFTA was made possible with the adoption of bottom-up approach and the development of ASEAN was led by political leaders of each member country. This paper also investigates the historical development and working mechanisms of existing regional arrangements: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and ASEAN+3. APEC performs various roles to liberate trade among member nations while maintaining a loose. cooperative mechanism. It also tries to enhance regional cooperation based on the slogan of "Open Regionalism." The ARF was formally held in 1994 in order to discuss regional security matters between ASEAN and other participating nations. The forum works as a multilateral dialogue channel for the Asia-Pacific countries. The ASEAN+3 Summit was started in 1997, when ASEAN celebrated its 30th anniversary. ASEAN invited leaders of three Northeast Asian countries: South Korea, China, and Japan. This Summit became regularized since that time. It also contributed to the of making the trilateral summit among the three countries of Northeast Asia. Although these regional arrangements in East Asia have different focuses and memberships, they have commonalities in that their working mechanisms are voluntary and non-binding in nature. It is necessary for us to analyze the promoting and inhibiting factors concerning regional cooperation in East Asia. The first promoting factor is the desire of regional nations to maintain a stable security environment. The second factor is the shared interest in achieving economic development. The third is the existing complimentary economic relations among the regional countries. And finally the fourth factor is the necessity to coordinate new problems caused by increasing economic transactions in the region. All of these factors call for multilateral cooperation in East Asia. However, there exists inhibiting forces: remaining regional conflicts; regional roles and the possible rivalry between China and Japan; and the intent of the United States. Considering the above factors and analysis of previous experiences of existing regional organizations, we can conclude that it would be difficult to establish an exclusive regional entity in East Asia. However, this does not mean we cannot promote regional cooperation in East Asia rather regional cooperation in East Asia can be enhanced through flexible methods based on non-binding principles. It should also be noted that the most important factor behind East Asian regionalism is the dynamic nature of the economies in the region. Indeed, the East Asian region shows remarkable economic growth rates during the last decade even though it experienced a major financial crisis at the end the 1990s. It is necessary for us to think about new types of regional arrangements to enhance regional cooperation and economic prosperity of East Asia.
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