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Emiko Kaneko 한국영어평가학회 2009 영어평가 Vol.3 No.1
This paper investigates how improvement in accuracy, fluency and complexity of learner speech relates to holistic scores in an oral proficiency interview, the Standard Speaking Test (SST), and seeks to identify the stages of oral proficiency learners go through. The SST was developed especially for precise evaluation of oral proficiency among intermediate level learners. Transcription of the SST was coded with tags that indicate accuracy, fluency and complexity of utterances. Significant inter-correlations between these features and the holistic scores provided by SST raters were obtained; ANOVAs show that the holistic scores accurately reflect the improvement in oral performance. The results of the multiple comparison further delineate not only the course of development but also idiosyncrasies at a certain proficiency level, characterized here as communicative strategies that learners adopt under a stressful condition. Overall, the research underscores the importance in language testing as well as in the classroom of distinguishing the use of time-saving strategies from the ability to create speech by applying linguistic rules using a productive lexicon.
Synthesis of Li<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub> using novel water-assisted solid state reaction method
WATANABE, Mizuki,INOI, Jun,KIM, Sun Woog,KANEKO, Tatsuro,TODA, Ayano,SATO, Mineo,UEMATSU, Kazuyoshi,TODA, Kenji,KOIDE, Junko,TODA, Masako,KAWAKAMI, Emiko,KUDO, Yoshiaki,MASAKI, Takaki,YOON, Dae Ho Ceramic Society of Japan 2017 JOURNAL OF THE CERAMIC SOCIETY OF JAPAN - Vol.125 No.6
<P>Single phase of orthorhombic Li2SiO3 was synthesized via a novel soft-chemical synthesis method, water assisted solid state reaction method at 343-353K for 60 min. The crystal structure of the samples was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed that the estimated size of the particles is 50-200 nm. The XRD patterns and SEM images were compared to those of samples by a conventional solid state method at 1173K for 4 h. (C) 2017 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.</P>